. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1.0"^^ . . "100"^^ . . . "101"^^ . . . "jyut6 naam4 waa4 jan4"@en . . . . . . "99"^^ . . . . . . . "10.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hoa people"@en . . . . . "Whitmore"@en . . . "Gli Hoa (in vietnamita: Hoa; caratteri tradizionali cinesi: \u83EF, cinese: Yu\u00E8n\u00E1n hu\u00E1r\u00E9n (\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA), cantonese: yuet naam wah kiu (\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u50D1)), denominati anche \"vietnamiti cinesi\", \"sino-vietnamiti\", o \"etnia cinese del Vietnam\", sono un gruppo etnico cinese facente parte dei 54 gruppi etnici ufficialmente riconosciuti dal Vietnam. La classificazione del governo vietnamita per quanto riguarda gli Hoa esclude gli altri due gruppi etnici che parlano cinese, e cio\u00E8 i S\u00E1n d\u00ECu e gli Ngai."@it . "29.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Hoa \u2013 mniejszo\u015B\u0107 etniczna w Wietnamie pochodzenia chi\u0144skiego (Chi\u0144czycy Han). Mieszkaj\u0105 g\u0142\u00F3wnie w miastach na po\u0142udniu Wietnamu, st\u0105d bywaj\u0105 okre\u015Blani jako miejscy Chi\u0144czycy. Ich przodkami byli uchod\u017Acy przybywaj\u0105cy do Indochin za czas\u00F3w panowania dynastii Qing, pocz\u0105wszy od drugiej po\u0142owy XVII w. W czasach kolonialnych skupiali w swoich r\u0119kach wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 handlu, transportu i przedsi\u0119biorstw. Wed\u0142ug spisu z 1999 roku liczba ludno\u015Bci Hoa wynosi w Wietnamie 862 371 os\u00F3b. Ta liczba systematycznie si\u0119 zmniejsza wskutek emigracji oraz polityki asymilacyjnej, b\u0119d\u0105cej wynikiem podpisanej w 1955 r. umowy mi\u0119dzy Chinami i Wietnamem."@pl . "Diaspora languages: English"@en . . . . . . . . "Yu\u00E8n\u00E1n hu\u00E1r\u00E9n"@en . . . . "Chapter 6 V\u00E2n \u0110\u1ED3n, the 'M\u1EA1c Gap,' and the End of the Jiaozhi Ocean System: Trade and State in \u0110\u1EA1i Vi\u1EC7t, Circa 1450-1550"@en . "Hoa people"@en . . . . . . . . . . "39.0"^^ . "78"^^ . . . . . . . . "27.0"^^ . . . "Inside of \u0110\u00ECnh Minh H\u01B0\u01A1ng Gia Th\u1EA1nh , a temple established in 1789 by Hoa people"@en . . . . . . "De Hoa, Chinese Vietnamezen of de Vietnamese Chinezen zijn mensen van Chinese afkomst (ook wel in Vietnam genaamd) die in Vietnam wonen of geboren zijn. De Vietnamese overheid rekent de Chineestalige volkeren en de Ngai niet tot de Hoa. Volgens tellingen uit 1999 is 1,1% van de Vietnamezen van Chinese afkomst en staan daarmee op de zesde plaats van grootte van de bevolkingsgroepen van Vietnam."@nl . . . . . . . . . . "5"^^ . . . . . . . . . "\u0425\u043E\u0430"@uk . "Hoa (orang Tionghoa) merujuk kepada sebuah kelompok minoritas yang tinggal di Vietnam yang terdiri dari orang-orang yang dianggap beretnis Tionghoa (\"Tionghoa perantauan\"). Mereka sering disebut sebagai Tionghoa Vietnam, Sino-Vietnam, atau etnis Tionghoa di/dari Vietnam oleh warga Vietnam pada umumnya, Vietnam perantauan atau etnis Tionghoa lainnya. Klasifikasi pemerintah Vietnam terhadap Hoa mengecualikan dua kelompok suku pemakai bahasa Tionghoa lainnya, dan . Hoa merupakan salah satu kelompok Tionghoa perantauan dan salah satu komunitas Tionghoa perantauan terbesar di Asia Tenggara."@in . . . . . . "\u0425\u043E\u0301\u0430 (\u0432\u044C\u0435\u0442\u043D. Hoa, Han, Xa Phang; \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u83EF\u4EBA) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E \u0412\u044C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435, \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u044E\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B. \u0410\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u044E\u0433\u0435 \u2014 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u041D\u044F\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0433, \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u0425\u043E\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438\u043D, \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u2014 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439. \u041E\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 862 371 \u0447\u0435\u043B. \u043F\u043E \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043D\u0430 1999 \u0433\u043E\u0434. \u041E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "749466"^^ . . "Leo K."@en . . . . . . . "Lary"@en . "\u0425\u043E\u0430 (\u0432'\u0454\u0442. Hoa, Han, Xa Phang; \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u83EF\u4EBA) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0443 \u0412'\u0454\u0442\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456, \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438. \u0410\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u2014 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041D\u044F\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0433, \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u0425\u043E\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0456 \u2014 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 862 371 \u0447\u043E\u043B. \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430 1999 \u0440\u0456\u043A. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438."@uk . . . . . . "O\u030Dat-l\u00E2m H\u00F4a-j\u00EEn"@en . . . . "Unter den Hoa versteht man eine bedeutende chinesische Minderheit in Vietnam. Die Hoa sind ethnische Han-Chinesen, die zwar schon lange in Vietnam leben, ohne sich allerdings bis heute assimiliert zu haben. Vielmehr leben sie in Abschottung und bleiben traditionell unter sich."@de . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . "\u5510\u4EBA"@en . . . . . . . . . "35.0"^^ . . . . "2007"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Whitmore"@en . "2014"^^ . . "Hoa (Volk)"@de . . "2011"^^ . . . "2013-01-05"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "24.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Hoa people"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "ng\u01B0\u1EDDi H\u00E1n"@en . . . . . . . "1383589"^^ . . . "Hoa (orang Tionghoa) merujuk kepada sebuah kelompok minoritas yang tinggal di Vietnam yang terdiri dari orang-orang yang dianggap beretnis Tionghoa (\"Tionghoa perantauan\"). Mereka sering disebut sebagai Tionghoa Vietnam, Sino-Vietnam, atau etnis Tionghoa di/dari Vietnam oleh warga Vietnam pada umumnya, Vietnam perantauan atau etnis Tionghoa lainnya. Klasifikasi pemerintah Vietnam terhadap Hoa mengecualikan dua kelompok suku pemakai bahasa Tionghoa lainnya, dan . Hoa merupakan salah satu kelompok Tionghoa perantauan dan salah satu komunitas Tionghoa perantauan terbesar di Asia Tenggara."@in . . . . . "14.0"^^ . . . . "4.0"^^ . . . . . . "iad6 nam2 fa2 ngin2"@en . . . . . "Hoa"@en . . . "Li"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "8.0"^^ . . "Chinezen in Vietnam"@nl . . . "Les Hoa (chinois traditionnel : \u83EF\u4EBA ; pinyin : Hu\u00E1r\u00E9n ; cantonais Yale : Wa Yan ; vietnamien (qu\u1ED1c ng\u1EEF): ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa) sont une minorit\u00E9 ethnique du Vi\u00EAt Nam consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme faisant partie de la diaspora chinoise. Ils sont souvent appel\u00E9s chinois vietnamiens ou vietnamiens chinois ainsi que sino-vietnamiens ou diaspora chinoise au/du Vi\u00EAt Nam par les Vietnamiens, la diaspora vietnamienne et le reste de la diaspora chinoise. Le gouvernement vietnamien diff\u00E9rencie les Hoa de deux autres groupes de locuteurs chinois, les San Diu et les Ng\u00E1i, habitant \u00E9galement le Vi\u00EAt Nam."@fr . "Vietnamese language, etc."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Cooke"@en . . . "\u30DB\u30A2\u65CF\uFF08\u83EF\u65CF\u3001\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u8A9E\uFF1ANg\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa / \U0002029B\u83EF\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u56FD\u5185\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u83EF\u4EBA\u306E\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u306B\u3088\u308B\u547C\u3073\u540D\u3002\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u653F\u5E9C\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30DB\u30A2\u65CF\u306E\u5206\u985E\u306F\u3001\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u3092\u8A71\u3059\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u3046\u3061\u30B5\u30F3\u30B8\u30A6\u65CF (S\u00E1n D\u00ECu) \u3068\u30AC\u30A4\u65CF (Ng\u00E1i) \u306E2\u3064\u306E\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308B\u3002\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u570F\u3067\u306F\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA\u3082\u3057\u304F\u306F\u8D8A\u7C4D\u83EF\u4EBA\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u306F\u5357\u90E8\u30DB\u30FC\u30C1\u30DF\u30F3\u5E02\u306E\u4E2D\u83EF\u8857\u30C1\u30E7\u30ED\u30F3\u306B\u5C45\u4F4F\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0425\u043E\u0430"@ru . "Chinese N\u00F9ngSan Diu peopleNg\u00E1i people"@en . . . . . . "\u0425\u043E\u0430 (\u0432'\u0454\u0442. Hoa, Han, Xa Phang; \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u83EF\u4EBA) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u044F\u043A\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0443 \u0412'\u0454\u0442\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0456, \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438. \u0410\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u2014 \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041D\u044F\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0433, \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u0425\u043E\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0456\u043D, \u043D\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0447\u0456 \u2014 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0431\u043B\u0438\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E 862 371 \u0447\u043E\u043B. \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043D\u0430 1999 \u0440\u0456\u043A. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0434\u043E \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0438."@uk . . . . . . . . "Liam C."@en . . . . "Constructing Local Narratives: Spirits, Dreams, and Prophecies in the Medieval Red River Delta"@en . "Minorities: Roman Catholicism"@en . "Hoa"@it . . . . . . . . . . . "34.0"^^ . . "9.0"^^ . . . . . . . . "/"@en . . . . "0.78"^^ . . . . "\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA"@zh . . . "Gli Hoa (in vietnamita: Hoa; caratteri tradizionali cinesi: \u83EF, cinese: Yu\u00E8n\u00E1n hu\u00E1r\u00E9n (\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA), cantonese: yuet naam wah kiu (\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u50D1)), denominati anche \"vietnamiti cinesi\", \"sino-vietnamiti\", o \"etnia cinese del Vietnam\", sono un gruppo etnico cinese facente parte dei 54 gruppi etnici ufficialmente riconosciuti dal Vietnam. La classificazione del governo vietnamita per quanto riguarda gli Hoa esclude gli altri due gruppi etnici che parlano cinese, e cio\u00E8 i S\u00E1n d\u00ECu e gli Ngai."@it . . . . . "Hoa (peuple)"@fr . "Orang Hoa"@in . . . "38"^^ . . "De Hoa, Chinese Vietnamezen of de Vietnamese Chinezen zijn mensen van Chinese afkomst (ook wel in Vietnam genaamd) die in Vietnam wonen of geboren zijn. De Vietnamese overheid rekent de Chineestalige volkeren en de Ngai niet tot de Hoa. Volgens tellingen uit 1999 is 1,1% van de Vietnamezen van Chinese afkomst en staan daarmee op de zesde plaats van grootte van de bevolkingsgroepen van Vietnam."@nl . "39"^^ . . . "34"^^ . . "35"^^ . . "Kelley"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "41"^^ . . "John K."@en . . . . . . . "Hoa"@pl . . . . . "Les Hoa (chinois traditionnel : \u83EF\u4EBA ; pinyin : Hu\u00E1r\u00E9n ; cantonais Yale : Wa Yan ; vietnamien (qu\u1ED1c ng\u1EEF): ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa) sont une minorit\u00E9 ethnique du Vi\u00EAt Nam consid\u00E9r\u00E9e comme faisant partie de la diaspora chinoise. Ils sont souvent appel\u00E9s chinois vietnamiens ou vietnamiens chinois ainsi que sino-vietnamiens ou diaspora chinoise au/du Vi\u00EAt Nam par les Vietnamiens, la diaspora vietnamienne et le reste de la diaspora chinoise. Le gouvernement vietnamien diff\u00E9rencie les Hoa de deux autres groupes de locuteurs chinois, les San Diu et les Ng\u00E1i, habitant \u00E9galement le Vi\u00EAt Nam."@fr . . "1"^^ . . . ""@en . . "13.0"^^ . . . . "7"^^ . "4"^^ . "5"^^ . . "2"^^ . . . . "1"^^ . . "14"^^ . "Hu\u00E1r\u00E9n"@en . . . "13"^^ . . . "10"^^ . . . "8"^^ . . "9"^^ . "22"^^ . . "23"^^ . . . . . . . . "16"^^ . . "17"^^ . "\u30DB\u30A2\u65CF\uFF08\u83EF\u65CF\u3001\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u8A9E\uFF1ANg\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa / \U0002029B\u83EF\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u56FD\u5185\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u83EF\u4EBA\u306E\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u306B\u3088\u308B\u547C\u3073\u540D\u3002\u30D9\u30C8\u30CA\u30E0\u653F\u5E9C\u306B\u3088\u308B\u30DB\u30A2\u65CF\u306E\u5206\u985E\u306F\u3001\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u3092\u8A71\u3059\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u3046\u3061\u30B5\u30F3\u30B8\u30A6\u65CF (S\u00E1n D\u00ECu) \u3068\u30AC\u30A4\u65CF (Ng\u00E1i) \u306E2\u3064\u306E\u30B0\u30EB\u30FC\u30D7\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3059\u308B\u3002\u4E2D\u56FD\u8A9E\u570F\u3067\u306F\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA\u3082\u3057\u304F\u306F\u8D8A\u7C4D\u83EF\u4EBA\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5927\u90E8\u5206\u306F\u5357\u90E8\u30DB\u30FC\u30C1\u30DF\u30F3\u5E02\u306E\u4E2D\u83EF\u8857\u30C1\u30E7\u30ED\u30F3\u306B\u5C45\u4F4F\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "30"^^ . . . . "29"^^ . . . "27"^^ . . . "24"^^ . "25"^^ . . . ""@en . . . . . "Shin"@en . . . . "\uD638\uC544\uC871(\uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC5B4: Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa / \U0002029B\u83EF)\uC740 \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC5D0 \uC0B4\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC18C\uC218 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uBD84\uD3EC\uD558\uB294 \uD55C\uC871\uACFC \uBC00\uC811\uD55C \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC778\uB4E4\uACFC \uB2E4\uB978 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC18C\uC218 \uBBFC\uC871\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC744 \uC885\uC885 \uC911\uAD6D \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC778, \uC2DC\uB178 \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC778 \uB610\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uACC4 \uBBFC\uC871\uC73C\uB85C \uBD88\uB838\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8 \uC815\uBD80\uC758 \uBD84\uB958\uC5D0\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB97C \uD558\uB294 \uB2E4\uB978 \uB450 \uBBFC\uC871, \u3008\uC36C\uC9C0\uC6B0\uC871\u3009\uACFC \u3008\uC751\uC544\uC774\uC871\u3009\uC740 \uBE60\uC838\uC788\uB2E4. 1999\uB144 \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8 \uC778\uAD6C \uC870\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74, \uD638\uC544\uC871\uC740 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC778\uAD6C\uC758 1.1%\uC778 862,371\uBA85\uC774 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8 \uBBFC\uC871 \uC911 \uC5EC\uC12F \uBC88\uC9F8\uB85C \uB9CE\uC740 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Anderson"@en . "Hoa \u2013 mniejszo\u015B\u0107 etniczna w Wietnamie pochodzenia chi\u0144skiego (Chi\u0144czycy Han). Mieszkaj\u0105 g\u0142\u00F3wnie w miastach na po\u0142udniu Wietnamu, st\u0105d bywaj\u0105 okre\u015Blani jako miejscy Chi\u0144czycy. Ich przodkami byli uchod\u017Acy przybywaj\u0105cy do Indochin za czas\u00F3w panowania dynastii Qing, pocz\u0105wszy od drugiej po\u0142owy XVII w. W czasach kolonialnych skupiali w swoich r\u0119kach wi\u0119kszo\u015B\u0107 handlu, transportu i przedsi\u0119biorstw. Wed\u0142ug spisu z 1999 roku liczba ludno\u015Bci Hoa wynosi w Wietnamie 862 371 os\u00F3b. Ta liczba systematycznie si\u0119 zmniejsza wskutek emigracji oraz polityki asymilacyjnej, b\u0119d\u0105cej wynikiem podpisanej w 1955 r. umowy mi\u0119dzy Chinami i Wietnamem."@pl . . . "ng\u01B0\u1EDDi T\u00E0u"@en . "\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA\u5728\u8D8A\u5357\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u83EF\u65CF\u300D\uFF08\u8D8A\u5357\u8BED\uFF1ANg\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa\uFF0F\U0002029B\u83EF?\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u7531\u5357\u65B9\uFF08\u4E2D\u570B\u5169\u5EE3\u3001\u798F\u5EFA\u7701\u53CA\u6D77\u5357\u7701\uFF09\u6F22\u65CF\u7D44\u6210\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5EE3\u6771\u5EE3\u5E9C\u4EBA\u8207\u6F6E\u5DDE\u4EBA\u4F54\u591A\u6578\u3002\u6839\u636E2009\u5E74\u8D8A\u5357\u4EBA\u53E3\u666E\u67E5\u6570\u636E\uFF0C\u83EF\u65CF\u4E3A823,071\u4EBA\uFF08\u5360\u8D8A\u5357\u603B\u4EBA\u53E30.96%\uFF09\uFF0C\u6309\u5404\u6C11\u65CF\u4EBA\u53E3\u6570\u91CF\u6392\u540D\uFF0C\u83EF\u65CF\u662F\u8D8A\u5357\u7B2C\u516B\u5927\u6C11\u65CF\u3002\u800C\u6839\u64DA1999\u5E74\u8D8A\u5357\u4EBA\u53E3\u666E\u67E5\u6570\u636E\uFF0C\u83EF\u65CF\u4E3A862,371\u4EBA\uFF08\u5360\u8D8A\u5357\u603B\u4EBA\u53E31.1%\uFF09\uFF0C\u5341\u5E74\u95F4\u51CF\u5C11\u5C07\u8FD1\u56DB\u4E07\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . . . "30.0"^^ . . "The Hoa people (Vietnamese: Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa, Chinese: \u83EF\u4EBA; pinyin: Hu\u00E1r\u00E9n or Chinese: \u5510\u4EBA; Jyutping: tong4 jan4) are citizens of Vietnam of full or partial Chinese origin. Chinese migration into Vietnam dates back millennia but most Hoa today derive their recent ancestral Chinese heritage from the 18th century, especially from southern Chinese provinces. They are an ethnic minority group in Vietnam and a part of the overseas Chinese community and can be found in the Americas. They may also be called \"Chinese-Vietnamese\" or \"Chinese people living in/from Vietnam\" by the Vietnamese, Chinese diaspora and Overseas Vietnamese. Historically, ancient Chinese brought cultural, religious and philosophical thought to Vietnam, where the Vietnamese gradually developed and adapted on its own. Beginning as early as the 19th century, the Hoa people were known during the French colonial rule for collaborating with the French in heavily exploiting and taking Vietnamese resources. Despite this, the Hoa community still exists in contemporary Vietnamese society today, either as descendants of Han Chinese who have immigrated to Vietnam over the nation's history or as more recent immigrants. During the time that Vietnam was under Chinese rule, there were many attempts to civilize the Vietnamese. During prehistoric times in the Red River Delta basin, there were two language main language families present. One being the Austroasiatic family from which the native modern Vietnamese language is descended and the other being influenced by the Sino-Tibetan culture and language brought by very few immigrants speaking Chinese to Vietnam. Hoa, those of more recent Chinese extraction from around the 18th century, played a leading role in Vietnam's private business sector before the end of the Vietnam War in 1975 and the reunification of Vietnam. However, many Hoa people from South Vietnam had their businesses and property confiscated by the North Vietnamese Communist Party after 1975 and fled the country, as well as the South Vietnamese who faced persecution by the Communist Government. This was then intensified during the Sino-Vietnamese War. From the Vietnamese Communist government point of view, the Chinese unloyal to Vietnam were regarded with deep suspicion, and had potentially teamed up with the French occupiers in seizing control of Vietnam's resources and labour, an almost repeat of the forces of Japanese imperialism leading to the Vietnamese famine of 1945, resulting in 2 million deaths of the Vietnamese populace. From the late 19th century, the Hoa played a leading role in Vietnam's private business sector before the Fall of Saigon in 1975. They were a well-established middle class ethnic group and made up a high percentage of Vietnam's upper class. Despite their small numbers, the Hoa were disproportionately dominant in the Vietnamese economy having started an estimated 70 to 80 per cent of pre-fall of Saigon's privately owned and operated businesses. Communist intervention was then deemed necessary by wide swathes of the Vietnamese population and the Soviet Union and is considered to be an ingrained symbol of the Vietnamese identity by some. Many Hoa had their businesses and property confiscated by the Communists after 1975, and many fled the country as boat people due to persecution by the newly established Communist government. Hoa persecution intensified in the late 1970s, which was one of the underlying reasons for the Sino-Vietnamese War. The Vietnamese government's post-1988 shift to economic liberalization has revived the entrepreneurial presence of the predominantly urban Chinese minority allowing them reassert some of their previous economic clout in the Vietnamese economy, despite fierce competition with the Kinh Vietnamese. Contemporary Hoa economic clout however pales in comparison to the old days, where Vietnam has mostly diversified its economy, allowing global corporations to operate within Vietnam."@en . . "1124074494"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0425\u043E\u0301\u0430 (\u0432\u044C\u0435\u0442\u043D. Hoa, Han, Xa Phang; \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u83EF\u4EBA) \u2014 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0432\u043E \u0412\u044C\u0435\u0442\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0435, \u0432 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u044E\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B. \u0410\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043B \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u044E\u0433\u0435 \u2014 \u0433\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u041D\u044F\u0447\u0430\u043D\u0433, \u041A\u0430\u043C\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u0425\u043E\u0448\u0438\u043C\u0438\u043D, \u043D\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u2014 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0439. \u041E\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044F \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043E\u043A\u043E\u043B\u043E 862 371 \u0447\u0435\u043B. \u043F\u043E \u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043D\u0430 1999 \u0433\u043E\u0434. \u041E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043A \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u044D\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043F\u043F\u0435."@ru . . "7.0"^^ . . . "The Hoa people (Vietnamese: Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa, Chinese: \u83EF\u4EBA; pinyin: Hu\u00E1r\u00E9n or Chinese: \u5510\u4EBA; Jyutping: tong4 jan4) are citizens of Vietnam of full or partial Chinese origin. Chinese migration into Vietnam dates back millennia but most Hoa today derive their recent ancestral Chinese heritage from the 18th century, especially from southern Chinese provinces. They are an ethnic minority group in Vietnam and a part of the overseas Chinese community and can be found in the Americas. They may also be called \"Chinese-Vietnamese\" or \"Chinese people living in/from Vietnam\" by the Vietnamese, Chinese diaspora and Overseas Vietnamese."@en . . "17.0"^^ . . "749466"^^ . "2.0"^^ . . . . . "22.0"^^ . . . . . ""@en . . "\uD638\uC544\uC871(\uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC5B4: Ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa / \U0002029B\u83EF)\uC740 \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC5D0 \uC0B4\uACE0 \uC788\uB294 \uC18C\uC218 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774\uB2E4. \uC911\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uBD84\uD3EC\uD558\uB294 \uD55C\uC871\uACFC \uBC00\uC811\uD55C \uAD00\uB828\uC774 \uC788\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC778\uB4E4\uACFC \uB2E4\uB978 \uC911\uAD6D\uC758 \uC18C\uC218 \uBBFC\uC871\uC740 \uADF8\uB4E4\uC744 \uC885\uC885 \uC911\uAD6D \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC778, \uC2DC\uB178 \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8\uC778 \uB610\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uACC4 \uBBFC\uC871\uC73C\uB85C \uBD88\uB838\uB2E4. \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8 \uC815\uBD80\uC758 \uBD84\uB958\uC5D0\uB294 \uC911\uAD6D\uC5B4\uB97C \uD558\uB294 \uB2E4\uB978 \uB450 \uBBFC\uC871, \u3008\uC36C\uC9C0\uC6B0\uC871\u3009\uACFC \u3008\uC751\uC544\uC774\uC871\u3009\uC740 \uBE60\uC838\uC788\uB2E4. 1999\uB144 \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8 \uC778\uAD6C \uC870\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uB530\uB974\uBA74, \uD638\uC544\uC871\uC740 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC778\uAD6C\uC758 1.1%\uC778 862,371\uBA85\uC774 \uC788\uC73C\uBA70, \uBCA0\uD2B8\uB0A8 \uBBFC\uC871 \uC911 \uC5EC\uC12F \uBC88\uC9F8\uB85C \uB9CE\uC740 \uBBFC\uC871\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . "38.0"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "23.0"^^ . "ng\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa"@en . . . . "25.0"^^ . . "\u30DB\u30A2\u65CF"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Unter den Hoa versteht man eine bedeutende chinesische Minderheit in Vietnam. Die Hoa sind ethnische Han-Chinesen, die zwar schon lange in Vietnam leben, ohne sich allerdings bis heute assimiliert zu haben. Vielmehr leben sie in Abschottung und bleiben traditionell unter sich. Seit der Unabh\u00E4ngigkeit Vietnams waren immer wieder vereinzelt chinesische H\u00E4ndler und auch Fl\u00FCchtlinge nach Vietnam gekommen. Mit dem Untergang der Ming-Dynastie in China kam es zu einem verst\u00E4rkten Zustrom nach Vietnam. Die Chinesen gr\u00FCndeten Ch\u1EE3 L\u1EDBn (heute besser bekannt als das Chinatown des 5. Bezirks Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadts (Saigon)) und erschlossen sich das Mekong-Delta. Sie lebten isoliert \u2013, als sogenannte bang. Im S\u00FCden beherrschten die Hoa den Reishandel des Landes. Der s\u00FCdvietnamesische Handel und die Produktion wurden von Hokkien-Chinesen bestimmt. Parallel dazu verschlechterten sich die Beziehungen zu China. 1978 wurde der Lebensnerv der Hoa im S\u00FCden Vietnams empfindlich getroffen. Viele von ihnen fl\u00FCchteten nach China oder als Boatpeople \u00FCbers Meer. Eine besonders signifikante Zunahme der Bev\u00F6lkerung der Hoa in Vietnam ist auf die kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen der Chinesen und Vietnamesen im Jahr 1979 zur\u00FCckzuf\u00FChren, da dadurch ein nicht unbetr\u00E4chtlicher chinesischer Fl\u00FCchtlingsstrom nach Vietnam erfolgte. Auch die bereits in Vietnam lebende chinesische Diaspora veranlasste ein Ansteigen der Hoa in Vietnam. Diese wurden als \u201EF\u00FCnfte Kolonne\u201C, also als heimliche, subversiv t\u00E4tige oder der Subversion verd\u00E4chtige Gruppierungen wahrgenommen und bezeichnet, deren Ziel der Umsturz einer bestehenden Ordnung im Interesse einer fremden aggressiven Macht ist. Da andererseits dringend chinesische Arbeitskr\u00E4fte (vor allem in Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt (Saigon)) ben\u00F6tigt wurden, lie\u00DF man die Hoa gew\u00E4hren. Seit 1987 vereinfachten verwaltungsrechtliche Liberalisierungen die Lebensbedingungen der Hoa. Chinesisch wurde an den Schulen wieder zugelassen. Die kleinformatige Textil-, Schuhhandwerk- und Elektronikkleinindustrie bl\u00FChte auf und damit auch der korrespondierende Handel. Im Jahr 1991 war die chinesische Minderheit auf bis zu 10 % der Stadtbev\u00F6lkerung angewachsen, die wirtschaftliche Produktivit\u00E4t durch die Hoa sogar um ein Mehrfaches."@de . . . . . . . . "165003"^^ . "16.0"^^ . "41.0"^^ . . . . . . . "5.0"^^ . "tong4 jan4"@en . "\u8D8A\u5357\u83EF\u4EBA\u5728\u8D8A\u5357\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u83EF\u65CF\u300D\uFF08\u8D8A\u5357\u8BED\uFF1ANg\u01B0\u1EDDi Hoa\uFF0F\U0002029B\u83EF?\uFF09\uFF0C\u4E3B\u8981\u7531\u5357\u65B9\uFF08\u4E2D\u570B\u5169\u5EE3\u3001\u798F\u5EFA\u7701\u53CA\u6D77\u5357\u7701\uFF09\u6F22\u65CF\u7D44\u6210\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5EE3\u6771\u5EE3\u5E9C\u4EBA\u8207\u6F6E\u5DDE\u4EBA\u4F54\u591A\u6578\u3002\u6839\u636E2009\u5E74\u8D8A\u5357\u4EBA\u53E3\u666E\u67E5\u6570\u636E\uFF0C\u83EF\u65CF\u4E3A823,071\u4EBA\uFF08\u5360\u8D8A\u5357\u603B\u4EBA\u53E30.96%\uFF09\uFF0C\u6309\u5404\u6C11\u65CF\u4EBA\u53E3\u6570\u91CF\u6392\u540D\uFF0C\u83EF\u65CF\u662F\u8D8A\u5357\u7B2C\u516B\u5927\u6C11\u65CF\u3002\u800C\u6839\u64DA1999\u5E74\u8D8A\u5357\u4EBA\u53E3\u666E\u67E5\u6570\u636E\uFF0C\u83EF\u65CF\u4E3A862,371\u4EBA\uFF08\u5360\u8D8A\u5357\u603B\u4EBA\u53E31.1%\uFF09\uFF0C\u5341\u5E74\u95F4\u51CF\u5C11\u5C07\u8FD1\u56DB\u4E07\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . "\uD638\uC544\uC871"@ko . . . . .