. . . . . . "La Mandchourie est une r\u00E9gion de l'Asie de l'Est. Selon la d\u00E9finition que l'on donne de son \u00E9tendue, le terme Mandchourie peut se r\u00E9f\u00E9rer soit \u00E0 une r\u00E9gion situ\u00E9e enti\u00E8rement \u00E0 l'int\u00E9rieur de la Chine, soit \u00E0 une r\u00E9gion plus vaste aujourd'hui divis\u00E9e entre le nord-est de la Chine et l'extr\u00EAme orient russe. Pour diff\u00E9rencier les deux parties couvertes par cette derni\u00E8re d\u00E9finition, la partie russe est \u00E9galement connue sous le nom de Mandchourie ext\u00E9rieure, tandis que la partie chinoise est connue sous le nom de Mandchourie int\u00E9rieure. D\u00E9sign\u00E9 sous le nom de \"pays du dragon qui s'\u00E9lance\" par les Aisin Gioro, c'est la patrie du peuple mandchou, un terme cr\u00E9e en 1636 pour d\u00E9signer les J\u00FCrchens, un des peuples toungouses. Les Mandchous ont pris le pouvoir en Chine au XVIIe si\u00E8cle, \u00E9tablissant la dynastie Qing qui a dur\u00E9 jusqu'en 1912. La population de la Mandchourie est pass\u00E9e d'environ 1 million d'habitants en 1750 \u00E0 5 millions en 1850 et \u00E0 14 millions en 1900, principalement en raison de l'immigration d'agriculteurs chinois. Situ\u00E9e \u00E0 la jonction des sph\u00E8res d'influence chinoise, japonaise et russe, la Mandchourie est une source de conflits depuis la fin du XIXe si\u00E8cle. L'Empire russe prend le contr\u00F4le de la partie nord de la Mandchourie en 1860, \u00E0 la suite du trait\u00E9 de P\u00E9kin, puis il fait construire un chemin de fer pour consolider son contr\u00F4le sur la r\u00E9gion. Les diff\u00E9rends sur la Mandchourie et la Cor\u00E9e ont conduit \u00E0 la guerre russo-japonaise de 1904-1905. Les Japonais envahissent la Mandchourie en 1931, cr\u00E9ant ainsi l'\u00C9tat fantoche du Manchukuo, qui devient une pi\u00E8ce ma\u00EEtresse de l'Empire du Japon, alors en pleine expansion. L'invasion sovi\u00E9tique de la Mandchourie en 1945 se conclut par l'effondrement rapide du r\u00E9gime japonais. Apr\u00E8s la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale, la Mandchourie devient une base d'op\u00E9rations de l'Arm\u00E9e populaire de lib\u00E9ration du peuple de Mao Zedong pendant la guerre civile chinoise, qui s\u2019ach\u00E8ve par la fondation de la R\u00E9publique populaire de Chine. Pendant la guerre de Cor\u00E9e, les forces chinoises utilisent la Mandchourie comme base arri\u00E8re pour aider la Cor\u00E9e du Nord contre les forces du Commandement des Nations unies en Cor\u00E9e. Pendant la guerre froide, la Mandchourie devient un sujet de discorde entre la Chine et l'URSS, qui d\u00E9g\u00E9n\u00E8re en conflit frontalier sino-sovi\u00E9tique en 1969. Si le conflit de 1969 ne dure que quelques mois, les diff\u00E9rends frontaliers sino-russes ne sont r\u00E9solus diplomatiquement qu'en 2004. Ces derni\u00E8res ann\u00E9es, la Mandchourie a fait l'objet de nombreux travaux sur son histoire durant le XXe si\u00E8cle, alors que les p\u00E9riodes ant\u00E9rieures sont moins \u00E9tudi\u00E9es."@fr . . . . . "\u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u064A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064F\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062A\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0623\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u064F\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0622\u064A\u0634\u0646 \u062C\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062C\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0627\u0621\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062C\u0632\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0644\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u064B \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912. \u0627\u0632\u062F\u0627\u062F \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1750 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1850 \u064814 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u060C \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062C\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627. \u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062A \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062D\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062E\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1860 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064B\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062A \u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062D\u062F\u064A\u062F\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u062A\u0639\u0632\u064A\u0632 \u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u062A\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0623\u062F\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 (1904-1905). \u063A\u0632\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1931\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062F\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629. \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064D \u0633\u0631\u064A\u0639. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0627\u062A \u062C\u064A\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0648 \u062A\u0633\u064A \u062A\u0648\u0646\u063A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062F\u0649 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062C\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062F\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0636\u062F \u0642\u0648\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u062D\u062F\u0629. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062D\u062A \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062F\u0629\u060C \u062E\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064B\u0627 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u062F\u0648\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u0627\u062A\u064A \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064A\u0646\u062A\u0647\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The source cited is a work of historical fiction"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u6EFF\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2"@zh . . . . "\u6EE1\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u6982\u62EC\u6210\u4E09\u90E8\u4EFD\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u662F\u4E0A\u53E4\u53F2\u3001\u4E2D\u4E16\u53F2\u3001\u548C\u8FD1\u4E16\u53F2\u3002\u4E0A\u53E4\u6EE1\u6D32\u773E\u5C45\u7740\u6578\u500B\u6C11\u65CF\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\u6771\u80E1\u3001\u9BAE\u5351\uFF1B\u5973\u771F\u4EBA\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8085\u614E\u53CA\u5F8C\u4F86\u7684\u6339\u5A41\uFF1B\u6F22\u65CF\uFF1B\u6FCA\u8C8A\u3001\u6276\u9918\u3001\u9AD8\u53E5\u9E97\u3002\u4E2D\u4E16\u6EE1\u6D32\u76F8\u7E7C\u7D93\u6B77\u5510\u3001\u907C\u3001\u91D1\u3001\u5143\u3001\u53CA\u660E\u7687\u671D\u7684\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5143\u660E\u5169\u4EE3\u66F4\u5728\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\u9996\u6B21\u7D71\u4E00\u6574\u500B\u6EFF\u6D32\u3002\u660E\u671D\u672B\u5E74\uFF0C\u540E\u91D1\u5927\u6C57\u52AA\u5C14\u54C8\u8D64\u7684\u7E7C\u627F\u8005\u7687\u592A\u6781\u5728\u6EE1\u6D32\u76DB\u4EAC\u79F0\u5E1D\uFF0C\u5B9A\u56FD\u53F7\u4E3A\u300C\u5927\u6E05\u300D\uFF0C\u8C61\u5FB5\u7740\u6EE1\u6D32\u8FD1\u4E16\u53F2\u7684\u958B\u7AEF\u3002\u4E00\u516D\u56DB\u56DB\u5E74\uFF0C\u6E05\u8ECD\u5165\u95DC\uFF0C\u96A8\u5F8C\u5168\u9762\u4F54\u9818\u534E\u5317\u53CA\u534E\u5357\u5730\u5340\u3002\u4ECE\u6E05\u519B\u5165\u5173\u5230\u5176\u540E\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5E74\u65F6\u95F4\u5185\uFF0C\u6E05\u8ECD\u9646\u7EED\u6D88\u706D\u83EF\u5317\u7684\u660E\u671D\u52E2\u529B\u3001\u674E\u81EA\u6210\u7684\u5927\u9806\u519B\u3001\u5F35\u737B\u5FE0\u7684\u5927\u897F\u570B\u3001\u5357\u660E\u3001\u548C\u660E\u912D\u7B49\u52BF\u529B\uFF0C\u5176\u5F8C\u66F4\u5C07\u5927\u6E05\u9818\u571F\u64F4\u5F35\u81F3\u8499\u53E4\u3001\u65B0\u7586\u3001\u897F\u85CF\u7B49\u5730\uFF0C\u8FCE\u4F86\u5EB7\u96CD\u4E7E\u76DB\u4E16\uFF0C\u6EFF\u6D32\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u9F8D\u8208\u4E4B\u5730\u300D\uFF0C\u5373\u662F\u6E05\u7687\u5BA4\u7684\u767C\u6E90\u5730\u7684\u610F\u601D\u3002 \u76F4\u81F31911\u5E74\u6E05\u671D\u6EC5\u4EA1\uFF0C1915\u5E74\u8881\u4E16\u51F1\u7A31\u5E1D\u5F8C\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u9678\u8ECD\u53C3\u8B00\u672C\u90E8\u66FE\u7B56\u5283\u6EFF\u8499\u7368\u7ACB\u904B\u52D5\uFF0C\u4F46\u7531\u65BC\u5C40\u52E2\u8B8A\u5316\u800C\u672A\u80FD\u5BE6\u73FE\u3002\u4E4B\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5949\u7CFB\u8ECD\u95A5\u5F35\u4F5C\u9716\u6210\u70BA\u6EFF\u6D32\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5BE6\u969B\u63A7\u5236\u8005\u3002\u65E5\u672C\u5728\u767C\u52D5\u4E5D\u4E00\u516B\u4E8B\u8B8A\u4F54\u9818\u6EFF\u6D32\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5EFA\u7ACB\u5080\u5121\u653F\u6B0A\u6EFF\u6D32\u570B\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6E05\u671D\u905C\u5E1D\u6EA5\u5100\u70BA\u5143\u9996\u3002\u96D6\u7136\u540D\u7FA9\u4E0A\u70BA\u7368\u7ACB\u570B\u5BB6\uFF0C\u4F46\u65E5\u672C\u900F\u904E\u7C3D\u8A02\u300A\u65E5\u6EFF\u8B70\u5B9A\u66F8\u300B\u3001\u95DC\u6771\u8ECD\u6301\u7E8C\u99D0\u7D2E\u6EFF\u6D32\u7B49\u65B9\u5F0F\uFF0C\u4F7F\u6EFF\u6D32\u570B\u8B8A\u76F8\u6210\u70BA\u65E5\u672C\u6B96\u6C11\u5730\u30021945\u5E748\u6708\uFF0C\u65E5\u672C\u6295\u964D\u5F8C\uFF0C\u6EA5\u5100\u88AB\u8607\u806F\u7D05\u8ECD\u4FD8\u7372\uFF0C\u6EFF\u6D32\u570B\u6EC5\u4EA1\uFF0C\u6EFF\u6D32\u5730\u5340\u88AB\u8607\u8ECD\u4F54\u9818\u3002\u56E0\u82CF\u8054\u9072\u9072\u5F52\u8FD8\u6EE1\u6D32\u4E88\u4E2D\u534E\u6C11\u56FD\u53CA\u8FD0\u8D70\u5927\u91CF\u6EE1\u6D32\u56FD\u9057\u7559\u4E4B\u7269\u8D44\u8BBE\u5907\uFF0C\u5BFC\u81F4\u4E2D\u56FD\u7206\u53D1\u53CD\u82CF\u8FD0\u52A8\uFF0C\u82CF\u8054\u6700\u7EC8\u4E8E1946\u5E745\u6708\u64A4\u51FA\u5167\u6EE1\u6D32\uFF0C\u5E76\u5C07\u5176\u6B78\u9084\u7D66\u4E2D\u570B\u30021948\u5E74\uFF0C\u56FD\u6C11\u653F\u5E9C\u5728\u8FBD\u6C88\u6218\u5F79\u4E2D\u5931\u5229\uFF0C\u5167\u6EFF\u6D32\u5730\u533A\u88AB\u4E2D\u570B\u5171\u7522\u9EE8\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u5E76\u57281949\u5E74\u6B63\u5F0F\u6210\u4E3A\u4E2D\u534E\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u56FD\u7684\u4E1C\u5317\u4E09\u7701\u3002\u73FE\u5728\u6EFF\u6D32\u5206\u5225\u88AB\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u8207\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u806F\u90A6\u7BA1\u6CBB\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u5883\u5167\u7684\u6EFF\u6D32\u5730\u5340\u7A31\u5167\u6EFF\u6D32\uFF1B\u4FC4\u7F85\u65AF\u5883\u5167\u7684\u6EFF\u6D32\u5730\u5340\u7A31\u5916\u6EFF\u6D32\u3002 \u65CF\u7FA4\u610F\u4E49\u4E0A\u7684\u300C\u6EE1\u6D32\u300D\u8FD9\u4E2A\u540D\u79F0\u4ECE\u5341\u4E03\u4E16\u7EAA\u5F00\u59CB\u88AB\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u300A\u6EE1\u6D32\u6E90\u6D41\u8003\u300B\u7684\u4F5C\u8005\u628A\u671D\u9C9C\u534A\u5C9B\u7684\u53E4\u4EE3\u65CF\u7FA4\u4E5F\u5217\u4E3A\u6EE1\u6D32\u5206\u652F\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u064A\u064F\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0628\u064A\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062A\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064F\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062A\u0645\u064A\u064A\u0632 \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0623\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u064F\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0631\u062C\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0647\u064A \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064A\u064F\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0622\u064A\u0634\u0646 \u062C\u064A\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0622\u062E\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u062C\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629. \u0639\u064F\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062A\u062F\u0627\u0621\u064B \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062C\u0632\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0648\u0646\u063A\u0648\u0633\u064A\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0648\u0644\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u064B \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062A\u0634\u064A\u0646\u063A \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0627\u0633\u062A\u0645\u0631\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0643\u0645 \u062D\u062A\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1912. \u0627\u0632\u062F\u0627\u062F \u0639\u062F\u062F \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062D\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1750 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1850 \u064814 \u0645\u0644\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900\u060C \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0639\u0648\u062F \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064A \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062C\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u064A\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627."@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043E-\u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435."@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u062A\u0627\u0631\u064A\u062E \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064A\u0627"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "y"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "History of Manchuria"@en . . "\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u044F \u041C\u0430\u043D\u044C\u0447\u0436\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u044B\u0442\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043E-\u0412\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435."@ru . . . "June 2015"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Manchuria is a region in East Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, \"Manchuria\" can refer either to a region falling entirely within present-day China, or to a larger region today divided between Northeast China and the Russian Far East. To differentiate between the two parts following the latter definition, the Russian part is also known as Outer Manchuria, while the Chinese part is known as Inner Manchuria. Manchuria is the homeland of the Manchu people. \"Manchu\" is a name introduced by Hong Taiji of the Qing dynasty in 1636 for the Jurchen people, a Tungusic people. The population grew from about 1 million in 1750 to 5 million in 1850 and to 14 million in 1900, largely because of the immigration of Han farmers. Lying at the juncture of the Chinese, Japanese and Russian spheres of influence, Manchuria has been a hotbed of conflict since the late-19th century. The Russian Empire established control over the northern part of Manchuria in 1860 (Beijing Treaty); it built (1897-1902) the Chinese Eastern Railway to consolidate its control. Disputes over Manchuria and Korea led to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904\u20131905. The Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931, setting up the puppet state of Manchukuo which became a centerpiece of the fast-growing Empire of Japan. The Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945 led to the rapid collapse of Japanese rule, and the Soviets restored the region of Inner Manchuria to Chinese rule: Manchuria served as a base of operations for the Mao Zedong's People's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War, which led to the formation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. In the Korean War of 1950-1953, Chinese forces used Manchuria as a base to assist North Korea against the United Nations Command forces. During the Sino\u2013Soviet split Manchuria became a matter of contention, escalating to the Sino\u2013Soviet border conflict in 1969. The Sino-Russian border dispute was resolved diplomatically only in 2004. In recent years scholars have studied 20th-century Manchuria extensively, while paying less attention to the earlier period."@en . . . "Histoire de la Mandchourie"@fr . . . . . . . "1124874090"^^ . . . . . "43284"^^ . . . . . . "\u6EE1\u6D32\u6B77\u53F2\uFF0C\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u6982\u62EC\u6210\u4E09\u90E8\u4EFD\uFF0C\u5206\u5225\u662F\u4E0A\u53E4\u53F2\u3001\u4E2D\u4E16\u53F2\u3001\u548C\u8FD1\u4E16\u53F2\u3002\u4E0A\u53E4\u6EE1\u6D32\u773E\u5C45\u7740\u6578\u500B\u6C11\u65CF\uFF0C\u5305\u62EC\u6E38\u7267\u6C11\u65CF\u6771\u80E1\u3001\u9BAE\u5351\uFF1B\u5973\u771F\u4EBA\u7684\u7956\u5148\u8085\u614E\u53CA\u5F8C\u4F86\u7684\u6339\u5A41\uFF1B\u6F22\u65CF\uFF1B\u6FCA\u8C8A\u3001\u6276\u9918\u3001\u9AD8\u53E5\u9E97\u3002\u4E2D\u4E16\u6EE1\u6D32\u76F8\u7E7C\u7D93\u6B77\u5510\u3001\u907C\u3001\u91D1\u3001\u5143\u3001\u53CA\u660E\u7687\u671D\u7684\u7D71\u6CBB\uFF0C\u5176\u4E2D\u5143\u660E\u5169\u4EE3\u66F4\u5728\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\u9996\u6B21\u7D71\u4E00\u6574\u500B\u6EFF\u6D32\u3002\u660E\u671D\u672B\u5E74\uFF0C\u540E\u91D1\u5927\u6C57\u52AA\u5C14\u54C8\u8D64\u7684\u7E7C\u627F\u8005\u7687\u592A\u6781\u5728\u6EE1\u6D32\u76DB\u4EAC\u79F0\u5E1D\uFF0C\u5B9A\u56FD\u53F7\u4E3A\u300C\u5927\u6E05\u300D\uFF0C\u8C61\u5FB5\u7740\u6EE1\u6D32\u8FD1\u4E16\u53F2\u7684\u958B\u7AEF\u3002\u4E00\u516D\u56DB\u56DB\u5E74\uFF0C\u6E05\u8ECD\u5165\u95DC\uFF0C\u96A8\u5F8C\u5168\u9762\u4F54\u9818\u534E\u5317\u53CA\u534E\u5357\u5730\u5340\u3002\u4ECE\u6E05\u519B\u5165\u5173\u5230\u5176\u540E\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5E74\u65F6\u95F4\u5185\uFF0C\u6E05\u8ECD\u9646\u7EED\u6D88\u706D\u83EF\u5317\u7684\u660E\u671D\u52E2\u529B\u3001\u674E\u81EA\u6210\u7684\u5927\u9806\u519B\u3001\u5F35\u737B\u5FE0\u7684\u5927\u897F\u570B\u3001\u5357\u660E\u3001\u548C\u660E\u912D\u7B49\u52BF\u529B\uFF0C\u5176\u5F8C\u66F4\u5C07\u5927\u6E05\u9818\u571F\u64F4\u5F35\u81F3\u8499\u53E4\u3001\u65B0\u7586\u3001\u897F\u85CF\u7B49\u5730\uFF0C\u8FCE\u4F86\u5EB7\u96CD\u4E7E\u76DB\u4E16\uFF0C\u6EFF\u6D32\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u9F8D\u8208\u4E4B\u5730\u300D\uFF0C\u5373\u662F\u6E05\u7687\u5BA4\u7684\u767C\u6E90\u5730\u7684\u610F\u601D\u3002 \u65CF\u7FA4\u610F\u4E49\u4E0A\u7684\u300C\u6EE1\u6D32\u300D\u8FD9\u4E2A\u540D\u79F0\u4ECE\u5341\u4E03\u4E16\u7EAA\u5F00\u59CB\u88AB\u4F7F\u7528\u3002\u300A\u6EE1\u6D32\u6E90\u6D41\u8003\u300B\u7684\u4F5C\u8005\u628A\u671D\u9C9C\u534A\u5C9B\u7684\u53E4\u4EE3\u65CF\u7FA4\u4E5F\u5217\u4E3A\u6EE1\u6D32\u5206\u652F\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La Mandchourie est une r\u00E9gion de l'Asie de l'Est. Selon la d\u00E9finition que l'on donne de son \u00E9tendue, le terme Mandchourie peut se r\u00E9f\u00E9rer soit \u00E0 une r\u00E9gion situ\u00E9e enti\u00E8rement \u00E0 l'int\u00E9rieur de la Chine, soit \u00E0 une r\u00E9gion plus vaste aujourd'hui divis\u00E9e entre le nord-est de la Chine et l'extr\u00EAme orient russe. Pour diff\u00E9rencier les deux parties couvertes par cette derni\u00E8re d\u00E9finition, la partie russe est \u00E9galement connue sous le nom de Mandchourie ext\u00E9rieure, tandis que la partie chinoise est connue sous le nom de Mandchourie int\u00E9rieure. D\u00E9sign\u00E9 sous le nom de \"pays du dragon qui s'\u00E9lance\" par les Aisin Gioro, c'est la patrie du peuple mandchou, un terme cr\u00E9e en 1636 pour d\u00E9signer les J\u00FCrchens, un des peuples toungouses. Les Mandchous ont pris le pouvoir en Chine au XVIIe si\u00E8cle, \u00E9tablissant l"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "519989"^^ . . . . . "Manchuria is a region in East Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, \"Manchuria\" can refer either to a region falling entirely within present-day China, or to a larger region today divided between Northeast China and the Russian Far East. To differentiate between the two parts following the latter definition, the Russian part is also known as Outer Manchuria, while the Chinese part is known as Inner Manchuria. Manchuria is the homeland of the Manchu people. \"Manchu\" is a name introduced by Hong Taiji of the Qing dynasty in 1636 for the Jurchen people, a Tungusic people."@en . . . . . . .