. "Herapathite"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'herapathite ou sulfate d'iodoquinine est un compos\u00E9 dont les cristaux sont dichro\u00EFques et peuvent \u00EAtre ainsi employ\u00E9s pour polariser la lumi\u00E8re. Selon Edwin H. Land, elle a \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9couverte en 1852 par (en), un docteur de Bristol. Un de ses \u00E9l\u00E8ves a trouv\u00E9 qu'ajouter de l'iode \u00E0 l'urine d'un chien aliment\u00E9 avec de la quinine produisait des cristaux verts anormaux. Herapath a not\u00E9 en \u00E9tudiant les cristaux sous un microscope qu'ils semblaient polariser la lumi\u00E8re. Les propri\u00E9t\u00E9s dichro\u00EFques de l'herapathite sont venues \u00E0 l'attention de Sir David Brewster, et plus tard ont \u00E9t\u00E9 employ\u00E9es par Land pour construire le premier type de feuille polarisatrice Polaro\u00EFd."@fr . . . . . "Herapathite"@fr . "L'herapathite ou sulfate d'iodoquinine est un compos\u00E9 dont les cristaux sont dichro\u00EFques et peuvent \u00EAtre ainsi employ\u00E9s pour polariser la lumi\u00E8re. Selon Edwin H. Land, elle a \u00E9t\u00E9 d\u00E9couverte en 1852 par (en), un docteur de Bristol. Un de ses \u00E9l\u00E8ves a trouv\u00E9 qu'ajouter de l'iode \u00E0 l'urine d'un chien aliment\u00E9 avec de la quinine produisait des cristaux verts anormaux. Herapath a not\u00E9 en \u00E9tudiant les cristaux sous un microscope qu'ils semblaient polariser la lumi\u00E8re."@fr . . . . . . . . . "1121871013"^^ . "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442 \u0439\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 , \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u2014 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0443 \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430 . \u041E\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0439\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u043E-\u0437\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A \u0441 \u0437\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044B\u043C \u0431\u043B\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0434\u0438\u0445\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043A \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0432\u044B\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0439\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430."@ru . . . . "Herapathite, or iodoquinine sulfate, is a chemical compound whose crystals are dichroic and thus can be used for polarizing light. It was discovered in 1852 by William Bird Herapath, a Bristol surgeon and chemist. One of his pupils found that adding iodine to the urine of a dog that had been fed quinine produced unusual green crystals. Herapath noticed while studying the crystals under a microscope that they appeared to polarize light."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Herapathit"@de . . . . . "Herapathit ist eine chemische Verbindung, die polarisierende Eigenschaften besitzt."@de . "4817"^^ . . "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0444\u0430\u0442 \u0439\u043E\u0434\u043E\u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 , \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u2014 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043C\u043E\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0443\u043B\u0443 \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430 . \u041E\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0430 \u0439\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u0443\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u044B\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043D\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0441\u043B\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430, \u043A\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043B\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u043E-\u0437\u0435\u043B\u0451\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A \u0441 \u0437\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044B\u043C \u0431\u043B\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0434\u0438\u0445\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043C\u043E\u043C. \u041F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043E\u043F\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043A \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0435 XX \u0432\u0435\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0432\u044B\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043D\u0435\u043D \u043C\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u043B\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0439\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043F\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0451\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u0412\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043D\u0430."@ru . . . "Herapathit ist eine chemische Verbindung, die polarisierende Eigenschaften besitzt."@de . . . . "250014"^^ . . . . . . . "-[-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-methanol;sulfuric acid;tetratriiodide"@en . . . . . "Herapathite, or iodoquinine sulfate, is a chemical compound whose crystals are dichroic and thus can be used for polarizing light. It was discovered in 1852 by William Bird Herapath, a Bristol surgeon and chemist. One of his pupils found that adding iodine to the urine of a dog that had been fed quinine produced unusual green crystals. Herapath noticed while studying the crystals under a microscope that they appeared to polarize light. In the 1930s, invented a process to grow single herapathite crystals large enough to be sandwiched between two sheets of glass to create a polarizing filter; these were sold under the Bernotar name by Carl Zeiss. Herapathite can be formed by precipitation by dissolving quinine sulfate in acetic acid and adding iodine tincture. Herapathite's dichroic properties came to the attention of Sir David Brewster, and were later used by Edwin H. Land in 1929 to construct the first type of Polaroid sheet polarizer. He did this by embedding herapathite crystals in a polymer instead of growing a single large crystal. Structurally, herapathite consists of quinine (in a cationic doubly-protonated ammonium form), sulfate counterions, and triiodide units, all as a hydrate. They combine as 4C20H26N2O2\u20223SO4\u20222I3\u20226H2O, or sometimes other ratios and higher polyiodides."@en . . . . . . . . "(R)-[(2S,4S,5R)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;sulfuric acid;tetratriiodide"@en . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043F\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442"@ru . . . . .