. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "George XII van Georgi\u00EB"@nl . . "Jorge XII (georgiano: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII, Giorgi XII), tambi\u00E9n conocido como Jorge XIII (10 de noviembre de 1746 \u2013 28 de diciembre de 1800), de la casa de Bagrationi, fue el \u00FAltimo rey de Georgia (Reino de Kartli-Kajetia) desde 1798 hasta su muerte, en el a\u00F1o 1800. Su breve reinado en los a\u00F1os finales del siglo XVIII estuvo marcado por una importante inestabilidad pol\u00EDtica, lo que llev\u00F3 a una guerra civil y a una invasi\u00F3n persa. Preocupado por los problemas en su reino, Jorge renov\u00F3 su vasallaje de protecci\u00F3n con el Zar Pablo I de Rusia. Despu\u00E9s de su muerte, el Reino de Georgia fue abolido y anexionado por la Rusia imperial, y la familia real fue deportada de Georgia."@es . . . . . . "Jerzy XII (ur. 10 pa\u017Adziernika 1746, zm. 28 grudnia 1800) \u2013 ostatni kr\u00F3l przed wcieleniem jej terytorium do Imperium Rosyjskiego."@pl . . . . "Giorgi XII dari Georgia"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Giorgio XII di Georgia (in georgiano: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 II?, noto anche in certa storiografia come Giorgio XIII; Telavi, 10 novembre 1746 \u2013 Tbilisi, 28 dicembre 1800) della dinastia georgiana dei Bagration. Fu l'ultimo re di Georgia (Regno di Cartalia e Cachezia) dal 1798 sino alla propria morte nel 1800. Il suo breve regno concluse il XVIII secolo che per la Georgia era stato contraddistinto da notevole instabilit\u00E0 politica che apr\u00EC la possibilit\u00E0 ad altre potenze esterne di approfittare dei vari vuoti di potere."@it . . . . "Giorgi XII dari Georgia (bahasa Georgia: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII; 10 November 1746 \u2013 28 Desember 1800) adalah Raja kedua dan terakhir Kerajaan Kartli dan Kakheti (timur Georgia) yang menjabat dari tahun 1798 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 1800. Ia berasal dari Wangsa Bagrationi. Pemerintahan singkatnya di tahun-tahun terakhir abad ke-18 ditandai dengan ketidakstabilan politik di negaranya, yang menandai terjadinya perselisihan sipil dan rencana invasi Persia. Masalah kesehatan yang ia derita, ditambah peliknya masalah yang ia pikul membuat Giorgi mengajukan permintaan perlindungan kepada Tsar Pavel I dari Rusia, sesuatu yang disesali para pejabat di negaranya. Setelah kematiannya, Kekaisaran Rusia memanfaatkan momentum tersebut untuk mencaplok dan meruntuhkan monarki Georgia, serta mengirim sisa-sisa keluarga bangsawan Georgia ke pengasingan di Rusia."@in . . "1746-11-10"^^ . . . "#Marriages and children"@en . . . . . "George XII of Georgia"@en . . . "\u0393\u03B5\u03CE\u03C1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BF\u03C2 \u0399\u0392\u0384 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0393\u03B5\u03C9\u03C1\u03B3\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2"@el . . "monarch"@en . . . . "1800-12-28"^^ . "--01-11"^^ . . . . "Georges XII (roi de Kartl-Kakh\u00E9tie)"@fr . . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 XII (10 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1746 \u2014 28 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 1800) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044C \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043B\u0438-\u041A\u0430\u0445\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438 (11 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1798 \u2014 28 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 1800). \u0421\u044B\u043D \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0438\u044F II."@ru . . . . . . "Jerzy XII"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "George XII (Georgisch: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII), soms aangeduid als George XIII, (10 november 1746 - 28 december 1800) was de laatste koning van Georgi\u00EB (koninkrijk Kartli-Kacheti\u00EB) van 1798 tot zijn dood in 1800. Hij was afkomstig uit het huis Bagrationi. Zijn korte regeerperiode in de laatste jaren van 18de eeuw werden gekenmerkt door grote politieke instabiliteit en de dreiging van een Perzische invasie. Door de overweldigende problemen in zijn rijk vroeg George nog eens voor bescherming aan tsaar Paul I van Rusland. Na zijn dood kwam er een einde aan het koninkrijk Georgi\u00EB en werd het geannexeerd door Rusland; de koninklijke familie werd gedeporteerd uit Georgi\u00EB."@nl . . . . "Jordi XII fou rei de Kartli i Kakh\u00E8tia del 1798 al 1800. Nascut el 9 d'octubre de 1746, era fill d'Irakli II de Kartli i Kakh\u00E8tia i la reina Anna. Declarat hereu de les dues Ge\u00F2rgies, Ksnai, Tianeth, Aghja-Qala, Lor\u00E9 i Fanbakh, pel seu pare el 1766. Al morir el pare el succe\u00ED el 14 de gener de 1798 i va \u00E9sser reconegut pel tsar el 22 de febrer del 1799 essent coronat el 5 de desembre de 1799 Casat el 1766 amb Kthavan (+1782), filla del pr\u00EDncep Papuna Andronikashvili, Governador de Kiziq. De segones es va casar el 1783 amb Mariami Khatha (+1850)"@ca . . . . . . . . . "62809"^^ . . . . "Giorgio XII di Georgia"@it . . . . "George XII of Georgia signature.svg"@en . . . . . . "Georges XII (en g\u00E9orgien \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII \u10D1\u10D0\u10D2\u10E0\u10D0\u10E2\u10D8\u10DD\u10DC\u10D8, Giorgi XII Bagrationi ; 9 octobre 1746 - Tbilissi, 28 d\u00E9cembre 1800), fils et successeur d'H\u00E9raclius II, de la dynastie des Bagratides, est le dernier monarque du royaume de Kartl-Kakh\u00E9tie en G\u00E9orgie orientale."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5409\u5965\u5C14\u57FA\u5341\u4E8C\u4E16"@zh . ""@en . . . "1798"^^ . . . "George XII"@en . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 XII"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1124055228"^^ . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 XII"@uk . . "\u5409\u5965\u5C14\u57FA\u5341\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF08\u683C\u9B6F\u5409\u4E9E\u8A9E\uFF1A\u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII\uFF1B1746\u5E7411\u670810\u65E5\uFF0D1800\u5E7412\u670828\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u901A\u8FC7\u82F1\u8BED\u7FFB\u8BD1\u4E3A\u4E54\u6CBB\u5341\u4E8C\uFF08\u82F1\u8BED\uFF1AGeorge XII\uFF09\uFF1B\u6709\u65F6\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u5409\u5965\u5C14\u57FA\u5341\u4E09\u4E16\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u4F4D\u53CA\u6700\u540E\u4E00\u4F4D\u5361\u5C14\u7279\u5229\u548C\u5361\u8D6B\u63D0\u56FD\u738B\uFF08\u4E1C\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u56FD\u738B\uFF09\uFF1B\u7EDF\u6CBB\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u7684\u6700\u540E\u4E00\u4EFB\u5DF4\u683C\u62C9\u5B63\u6602\u56FD\u738B\u3002\u4ED6\u77ED\u6682\u7684\u7EDF\u6CBB\u4F7F\u5F97\u5361\u5C14\u7279\u5229-\u5361\u8D6B\u5B63\u738B\u56FD\u5904\u5728\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\u7684\u72B6\u51B5\u4E0B\u3002\u7531\u4E8E\u5176\u81EA\u8EAB\u7684\u5065\u5EB7\u95EE\u9898\u53CA\u738B\u56FD\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u56E0\u7D20\uFF0C\u4ED6\u518D\u6B21\u8BF7\u6C42\u4FC4\u7687\u4FDD\u7F57\u4E00\u4E16\u5BF9\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u738B\u56FD\u8FDB\u884C\u4FDD\u62A4\u3002 \u5728\u4ED6\u6B7B\u540E\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u541E\u5E76\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u3002\u5176\u4F59\u7684\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u738B\u5BA4\u52BF\u529B\uFF0C\u88AB\u5F3A\u884C\u79BB\u5F00\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\uFF0C\u6D41\u4EA1\u5230\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u7684\u5404\u4E2A\u5730\u65B9\u3002"@zh . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 XII (10 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1746 \u2014 28 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1800) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043B\u0456-\u041A\u0430\u0445\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u0438\u043D \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0406\u0440\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0456\u044F II."@uk . "George XII (Georgian: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII, Giorgi XII), sometimes known as George XIII (November 10, 1746 \u2013 December 28, 1800), of the House of Bagrationi, was the second and last King of the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1798 until his death in 1800."@en . "Georges XII (en g\u00E9orgien \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII \u10D1\u10D0\u10D2\u10E0\u10D0\u10E2\u10D8\u10DD\u10DC\u10D8, Giorgi XII Bagrationi ; 9 octobre 1746 - Tbilissi, 28 d\u00E9cembre 1800), fils et successeur d'H\u00E9raclius II, de la dynastie des Bagratides, est le dernier monarque du royaume de Kartl-Kakh\u00E9tie en G\u00E9orgie orientale. Le r\u00E8gne d'H\u00E9raclius avait marqu\u00E9 l'apog\u00E9e du royaume mais aussi un rapprochement diplomatique avec l'Empire russe qui, \u00E0 partir du trait\u00E9 de Gueorguievsk de 1783, fait progressivement passer le royaume g\u00E9orgien dans l'orbite russe. Georges XII, qui r\u00E8gne de 1798 \u00E0 1800, h\u00E9rite d'un royaume en d\u00E9clin, min\u00E9 par des intrigues de cour conduisant \u00E0 la guerre civile, dans le contexte international difficile de la guerre russo-turque de 1787-1792 puis de la guerre russo-g\u00E9orgeo-persane de 1795-1796 o\u00F9 les G\u00E9orgiens subissent la d\u00E9faite de Krtsanissi en 1795. Georges XII, pris en tenaille entre l'Empire ottoman et la Perse des Kadjars, doit accepter une garnison russe permanente \u00E0 partir de novembre 1799 tandis que les Avars du Caucase m\u00E8nent un raid d\u00E9vastateur dans le royaume en novembre 1800. \u00C0 la mort de Georges XII, la Kartl-Kakh\u00E9tie est pratiquement une province russe qui deviendra en 1806 le centre de la vice-royaut\u00E9 du Caucase."@fr . . "Giorgio XII di Georgia (in georgiano: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 II?, noto anche in certa storiografia come Giorgio XIII; Telavi, 10 novembre 1746 \u2013 Tbilisi, 28 dicembre 1800) della dinastia georgiana dei Bagration. Fu l'ultimo re di Georgia (Regno di Cartalia e Cachezia) dal 1798 sino alla propria morte nel 1800. Il suo breve regno concluse il XVIII secolo che per la Georgia era stato contraddistinto da notevole instabilit\u00E0 politica che apr\u00EC la possibilit\u00E0 ad altre potenze esterne di approfittare dei vari vuoti di potere. Indebolito da una debole salute e dai problemi del suo regno, Giorgio XII richiese la protezione dello zar Paolo I di Russia. Dopo la sua morte, la Russia imperiale riusc\u00EC ad annettere i regni georgiani inviando il resto della famiglia imperiale georgiana in esilio in Russia."@it . . . . . . "Jordi XII de Kartli i Kakh\u00E8tia"@ca . "\u5409\u5965\u5C14\u57FA\u5341\u4E8C\u4E16\uFF08\u683C\u9B6F\u5409\u4E9E\u8A9E\uFF1A\u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII\uFF1B1746\u5E7411\u670810\u65E5\uFF0D1800\u5E7412\u670828\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u6216\u901A\u8FC7\u82F1\u8BED\u7FFB\u8BD1\u4E3A\u4E54\u6CBB\u5341\u4E8C\uFF08\u82F1\u8BED\uFF1AGeorge XII\uFF09\uFF1B\u6709\u65F6\u88AB\u79F0\u4E3A\u5409\u5965\u5C14\u57FA\u5341\u4E09\u4E16\uFF0C\u7B2C\u4E8C\u4F4D\u53CA\u6700\u540E\u4E00\u4F4D\u5361\u5C14\u7279\u5229\u548C\u5361\u8D6B\u63D0\u56FD\u738B\uFF08\u4E1C\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u56FD\u738B\uFF09\uFF1B\u7EDF\u6CBB\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u7684\u6700\u540E\u4E00\u4EFB\u5DF4\u683C\u62C9\u5B63\u6602\u56FD\u738B\u3002\u4ED6\u77ED\u6682\u7684\u7EDF\u6CBB\u4F7F\u5F97\u5361\u5C14\u7279\u5229-\u5361\u8D6B\u5B63\u738B\u56FD\u5904\u5728\u653F\u6CBB\u4E0D\u7A33\u5B9A\u7684\u72B6\u51B5\u4E0B\u3002\u7531\u4E8E\u5176\u81EA\u8EAB\u7684\u5065\u5EB7\u95EE\u9898\u53CA\u738B\u56FD\u7684\u653F\u6CBB\u56E0\u7D20\uFF0C\u4ED6\u518D\u6B21\u8BF7\u6C42\u4FC4\u7687\u4FDD\u7F57\u4E00\u4E16\u5BF9\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u738B\u56FD\u8FDB\u884C\u4FDD\u62A4\u3002 \u5728\u4ED6\u6B7B\u540E\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u541E\u5E76\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u3002\u5176\u4F59\u7684\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\u738B\u5BA4\u52BF\u529B\uFF0C\u88AB\u5F3A\u884C\u79BB\u5F00\u683C\u9C81\u5409\u4E9A\uFF0C\u6D41\u4EA1\u5230\u4FC4\u7F57\u65AF\u7684\u5404\u4E2A\u5730\u65B9\u3002"@zh . "1799-12-05"^^ . "Dynasty"@en . . . "8784071"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Jorge XII (georgiano: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII, Giorgi XII), \u00E0s vezes conhecido como Jorge XIII (Telavi, 10 de novembro de 1746 \u2013Tbilisi, 28 de dezembro de 1800), da dinastia Bagrationi, foi o \u00FAltimo rei da Ge\u00F3rgia (Reino de C\u00E1rtlia-Caqu\u00E9cia) de 1798 at\u00E9 a sua morte em 1800. Seu breve reinado nos anos finais do s\u00E9culo XVIII foi marcado por significativa instabilidade pol\u00EDtica que aproximou a Ge\u00F3rgia de uma guerra civil e de uma invas\u00E3o persa. Apesar dos problemas internos, Jorge renovou um pedido de prote\u00E7\u00E3o do czar Paulo I da R\u00FAssia. Depois da sua morte, a Ge\u00F3rgia foi anexada pelo Imp\u00E9rio Russo, e a fam\u00EDlia real foi deportada."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "among others..."@en . . "Jorge XII (georgiano: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII, Giorgi XII), tambi\u00E9n conocido como Jorge XIII (10 de noviembre de 1746 \u2013 28 de diciembre de 1800), de la casa de Bagrationi, fue el \u00FAltimo rey de Georgia (Reino de Kartli-Kajetia) desde 1798 hasta su muerte, en el a\u00F1o 1800. Su breve reinado en los a\u00F1os finales del siglo XVIII estuvo marcado por una importante inestabilidad pol\u00EDtica, lo que llev\u00F3 a una guerra civil y a una invasi\u00F3n persa. Preocupado por los problemas en su reino, Jorge renov\u00F3 su vasallaje de protecci\u00F3n con el Zar Pablo I de Rusia. Despu\u00E9s de su muerte, el Reino de Georgia fue abolido y anexionado por la Rusia imperial, y la familia real fue deportada de Georgia."@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 XII (10 \u043E\u043A\u0442\u044F\u0431\u0440\u044F 1746 \u2014 28 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 1800) \u2014 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044C \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043B\u0438-\u041A\u0430\u0445\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0438 (11 \u044F\u043D\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044F 1798 \u2014 28 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 1800). \u0421\u044B\u043D \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0418\u0440\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0438\u044F II."@ru . . . . . . . "Jordi XII fou rei de Kartli i Kakh\u00E8tia del 1798 al 1800. Nascut el 9 d'octubre de 1746, era fill d'Irakli II de Kartli i Kakh\u00E8tia i la reina Anna. Declarat hereu de les dues Ge\u00F2rgies, Ksnai, Tianeth, Aghja-Qala, Lor\u00E9 i Fanbakh, pel seu pare el 1766. Al morir el pare el succe\u00ED el 14 de gener de 1798 i va \u00E9sser reconegut pel tsar el 22 de febrer del 1799 essent coronat el 5 de desembre de 1799 Casat el 1766 amb Kthavan (+1782), filla del pr\u00EDncep Papuna Andronikashvili, Governador de Kiziq. De segones es va casar el 1783 amb Mariami Khatha (+1850) Va morir a Tbilissi el 28 de desembre del 1800 i el va succeir el seu fill David (XII de Kartli i III de Kakh\u00E8tia)"@ca . . . . . . "Giorgi XII dari Georgia (bahasa Georgia: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII; 10 November 1746 \u2013 28 Desember 1800) adalah Raja kedua dan terakhir Kerajaan Kartli dan Kakheti (timur Georgia) yang menjabat dari tahun 1798 sampai kematiannya pada tahun 1800. Ia berasal dari Wangsa Bagrationi. Pemerintahan singkatnya di tahun-tahun terakhir abad ke-18 ditandai dengan ketidakstabilan politik di negaranya, yang menandai terjadinya perselisihan sipil dan rencana invasi Persia. Masalah kesehatan yang ia derita, ditambah peliknya masalah yang ia pikul membuat Giorgi mengajukan permintaan perlindungan kepada Tsar Pavel I dari Rusia, sesuatu yang disesali para pejabat di negaranya. Setelah kematiannya, Kekaisaran Rusia memanfaatkan momentum tersebut untuk mencaplok dan meruntuhkan monarki Georgia, serta mengirim sisa-sisa ke"@in . . . . . . . . . . . . "1800"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Jorge XII de Georgia"@es . . . . . . . "\u0413\u0435\u043E\u0301\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0439 XII (10 \u0436\u043E\u0432\u0442\u043D\u044F 1746 \u2014 28 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 1800) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440 \u041A\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043B\u0456-\u041A\u0430\u0445\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u0438\u043D \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044F \u0406\u0440\u0430\u043A\u043B\u0456\u044F II."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . "Jorge XII (georgiano: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII, Giorgi XII), \u00E0s vezes conhecido como Jorge XIII (Telavi, 10 de novembro de 1746 \u2013Tbilisi, 28 de dezembro de 1800), da dinastia Bagrationi, foi o \u00FAltimo rei da Ge\u00F3rgia (Reino de C\u00E1rtlia-Caqu\u00E9cia) de 1798 at\u00E9 a sua morte em 1800. Seu breve reinado nos anos finais do s\u00E9culo XVIII foi marcado por significativa instabilidade pol\u00EDtica que aproximou a Ge\u00F3rgia de uma guerra civil e de uma invas\u00E3o persa. Apesar dos problemas internos, Jorge renovou um pedido de prote\u00E7\u00E3o do czar Paulo I da R\u00FAssia. Depois da sua morte, a Ge\u00F3rgia foi anexada pelo Imp\u00E9rio Russo, e a fam\u00EDlia real foi deportada."@pt . "Jerzy XII (ur. 10 pa\u017Adziernika 1746, zm. 28 grudnia 1800) \u2013 ostatni kr\u00F3l przed wcieleniem jej terytorium do Imperium Rosyjskiego."@pl . . . . . . . . . . . "George XII"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "George XII (Georgian: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII, Giorgi XII), sometimes known as George XIII (November 10, 1746 \u2013 December 28, 1800), of the House of Bagrationi, was the second and last King of the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1798 until his death in 1800. Third son of King Heraclius II, he was raised in a country at war, facing regular attacks from the Persian and Ottoman empires in its south, and constant Lezgin raids from its northeast, and became heir to the throne after the early death of his two older brothers. As prince, he was a diligent governor of royal domains, seeking to repopulate devastated regions in Georgian Armenia, while seating on his father's royal council, assisting him in leading Georgian forces against Ottoman incursions, and representing him in diplomatic negotiations to bring peace to Western Georgia. However, he had to face the ambitions of his step-mother Queen Darejan and her sons, ambitions that would grow into open tensions and a 1794 deal in which King Heraclius changed the law of succession to make George's younger brothers next in line after George. Taking over after his father's death in 1798, he sought closer relations with Russia as a guarantee to secure his succession, especially after reverting the 1794 deal and appointing his son David as crown prince. This led to a civil war, with the king's younger brothers rebelling, and Russia dispatching troops in 1799 to restore peace in Kartl-Kakheti. An astute diplomat, he also sought alliances with Persia and the Ottoman Empire and was proposed a military partnership by Napoleon, but was forced to use Russia's power to prevent further devastations of his kingdom by his southern neighbors. Weakened by illness, he was considered a failed monarch, paralyzed by paranoia, who could not put an end to the constant rebellions of his brothers. The poor economic state of the country led to a collapse in bureaucracy and a rise in crime, while he failed to implement any of the major public, financial, and educational reforms his son Ioane proposed. Supporting his kingdom's integration into the Russian Empire, he trusted Russian diplomats without realizing their own role in dividing Georgian nobility. In 1800, he secured from Emperor Paul I an approval of what his \"Petitionary Articles\", which provided for Eastern Georgia's integration into Russia as an autonomous kingdom, although he died without knowing about its ratification. His death opened the doors for Russia to break its agreements and fully annex Georgia."@en . . . . . . . . "Jorge XII da Ge\u00F3rgia"@pt . . . "George XII (Georgisch: \u10D2\u10D8\u10DD\u10E0\u10D2\u10D8 XII), soms aangeduid als George XIII, (10 november 1746 - 28 december 1800) was de laatste koning van Georgi\u00EB (koninkrijk Kartli-Kacheti\u00EB) van 1798 tot zijn dood in 1800. Hij was afkomstig uit het huis Bagrationi."@nl . .