. . . . . "Egoizm etyczny (\u0142ac. ego - ja) \u2013 pogl\u0105d m\u00F3wi\u0105cy, \u017Ce ka\u017Cdy powinien robi\u0107 to, co le\u017Cy w jego w\u0142asnym interesie. To, co le\u017Cy w jego interesie mo\u017Ce by\u0107 w efekcie krzywdz\u0105ce, korzystne lub neutralne dla innych. Etyczny egoizm nie powinien by\u0107 mylony z racjonalnym egoizmem, kt\u00F3ry utrzymuje, \u017Ce dzia\u0142anie we w\u0142asnym interesie jest racjonalne, a niekoniecznie etyczne. Zwolennicy libertarianizmu s\u0105 egoistami racjonalnymi."@pl . "Ethischer Egoismus bezeichnet eine philosophische Maxime und ihre ethische Begr\u00FCndung, gem\u00E4\u00DF derer man sich in seinem Handeln ganz von dem leiten lassen d\u00FCrfe oder solle, was nach eigener Auffassung f\u00FCr einen selbst am besten sei."@de . "\u0395\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03BF\u03B5\u03AF \u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AC\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03C5\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03AF\u03C0\u03C9\u03BD. \u039A\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03C2 \u03BF \u03AC\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BD, \u03B7 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE \u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03B7 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03C8\u03B9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03C1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03B5\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03C0\u03BB\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5. \u039F \u03B5\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03B3\u03AC\u03C0\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03B2\u03B1\u03B8\u03BC\u03CC \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03BD\u03CD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1. \u038C\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03AD\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1, \u03BF \u03B5\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1."@el . . . . . . . "In ethical philosophy, ethical egoism is the normative position that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest.Ethical egoism holds, therefore, that actions whose consequences will benefit the doer are ethical."@en . . "\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0623\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0629 (\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629)"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Egoismo etikoa edo, zentzu txarrean berekoikeria, egoerak baloratu, erabakiak hartu eta besteekiko harremanetan soilik edo nagusiki bere interesei begiratzen dien pertsonaren jarrera eta jokabidea da, besteen egoera eta arazoak kontuan hartu gabe. Egoismoa pertsonen ezaugarri negatibotzat hartzen denean, berekoikeria da. Dena den, pertsona berekoiek talde bateko helburu komunen alde ere egin dezakete, euren lorpen pertsonalerako baliagarria dela erabakitzen badute. Horrela, egoismoa jokabide positiboa edo negatiboa den eztabaida dago etikan."@eu . "Etisk egoism \u00E4r st\u00E5ndpunkten att man ska g\u00F6ra det som \u00E4r i ens (en). Det som \u00E4r i ens egenintresse kan lika g\u00E4rna vara skadligt f\u00F6r andra, nyttigt f\u00F6r andra eller neutralt f\u00F6r andra. Etisk egoism ska inte f\u00F6rv\u00E4xlas med rationell egoism, som h\u00E4vdar att det \u00E4r f\u00F6rnuftigt att handla i sitt egenintresse, men inte att det \u00E4r ett etiskt imperativ. \u00C5 andra sidan kan etisk egoism anses vara grund f\u00F6r omoral. Till exempel skrev Thomas Jefferson (USA:s president 1801\u20131809) i ett brev till Thomas Law, \u00E5r 1814:"@sv . . . . "Ethischer Egoismus"@de . . "El ego\u00EDsmo moral, o ego\u00EDsmo \u00E9tico, es una doctrina \u00E9tico filos\u00F3fica que afirma que las personas deben tener la norma social \u00E9tica de obrar para su propio inter\u00E9s, y que tal es la \u00FAnica forma moral de obrar. Permite sin embargo de manera opcional realizar acciones que ayuden a otros con la finalidad de que ayudar nos repercuta en un beneficio propio tom\u00E1ndolo como un medio para lograr algo provechoso para uno mismo. Afirma que la validez de una teor\u00EDa pixar o praxis se encuentra en su aportaci\u00F3n directa a la edificaci\u00F3n positiva y responsable del yo o desarrollo personal."@es . . . "Egoismo etikoa edo, zentzu txarrean berekoikeria, egoerak baloratu, erabakiak hartu eta besteekiko harremanetan soilik edo nagusiki bere interesei begiratzen dien pertsonaren jarrera eta jokabidea da, besteen egoera eta arazoak kontuan hartu gabe. Egoismoa pertsonen ezaugarri negatibotzat hartzen denean, berekoikeria da. Dena den, pertsona berekoiek talde bateko helburu komunen alde ere egin dezakete, euren lorpen pertsonalerako baliagarria dela erabakitzen badute. Horrela, egoismoa jokabide positiboa edo negatiboa den eztabaida dago etikan."@eu . . . . . . . . . . "Ethischer Egoismus bezeichnet eine philosophische Maxime und ihre ethische Begr\u00FCndung, gem\u00E4\u00DF derer man sich in seinem Handeln ganz von dem leiten lassen d\u00FCrfe oder solle, was nach eigener Auffassung f\u00FCr einen selbst am besten sei."@de . . . . "In ethical philosophy, ethical egoism is the normative position that moral agents ought to act in their own self-interest. It differs from psychological egoism, which claims that people can only act in their self-interest. Ethical egoism also differs from rational egoism, which holds that it is rational to act in one's self-interest.Ethical egoism holds, therefore, that actions whose consequences will benefit the doer are ethical. Ethical egoism contrasts with ethical altruism, which holds that moral agents have an obligation to help others. Egoism and altruism both contrast with ethical utilitarianism, which holds that a moral agent should treat one's self (also known as the subject) with no higher regard than one has for others (as egoism does, by elevating self-interests and \"the self\" to a status not granted to others). But it also holds that one is not obligated to sacrifice one's own interests (as altruism does) to help others' interests, so long as one's own interests (i.e., one's own desires or well-being) are substantially equivalent to the others' interests and well-being, but they have the choice to do so. Egoism, utilitarianism, and altruism are all forms of consequentialism, but egoism and altruism contrast with utilitarianism, in that egoism and altruism are both agent-focused forms of consequentialism (i.e., subject-focused or subjective). However, utilitarianism is held to be agent-neutral (i.e., objective and impartial): it does not treat the subject's (i.e., the self's, i.e., the moral \"agent's\") own interests as being more or less important than the interests, desires, or well-being of others. Ethical egoism does not, however, require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others when making moral deliberation; e.g., what is in an agent's self-interest may be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral in its effect on others. Individualism allows for others' interest and well-being to be disregarded or not, as long as what is chosen is efficacious in satisfying the self-interest of the agent. Nor does ethical egoism necessarily entail that, in pursuing self-interest, one ought always to do what one wants to do; e.g., in the long term, the fulfillment of short-term desires may prove detrimental to the self. Fleeting pleasure, then, takes a back seat to protracted eudaimonia. In the words of James Rachels, \"Ethical egoism ... endorses selfishness, but it doesn't endorse foolishness.\" Ethical egoism is often used as the philosophical basis for support of right-libertarianism and individualist anarchism. These are political positions based partly on a belief that individuals should not coercively prevent others from exercising freedom of action."@en . . . . . "El ego\u00EDsmo moral, o ego\u00EDsmo \u00E9tico, es una doctrina \u00E9tico filos\u00F3fica que afirma que las personas deben tener la norma social \u00E9tica de obrar para su propio inter\u00E9s, y que tal es la \u00FAnica forma moral de obrar. Permite sin embargo de manera opcional realizar acciones que ayuden a otros con la finalidad de que ayudar nos repercuta en un beneficio propio tom\u00E1ndolo como un medio para lograr algo provechoso para uno mismo. Afirma que la validez de una teor\u00EDa pixar o praxis se encuentra en su aportaci\u00F3n directa a la edificaci\u00F3n positiva y responsable del yo o desarrollo personal. El ego\u00EDsta moral se basa en la afirmaci\u00F3n de s\u00ED mismo que lo convierte en su propio soberano al volverlo consciente de su realidad moral y personal. La realidad es la de su propia existencia y su vivir en una realidad determinada. Est\u00E1 vinculado a la dimensi\u00F3n moral de formas de subjetivismo o solipsismo radical."@es . . "L'egoisme \u00E8tic \u00E9s una doctrina filos\u00F2fica que proposa que cadasc\u00FA s'ocupi del seu propi inter\u00E8s i aix\u00ED el conjunt de la societat funcionar\u00E0. Els seus defensors afirmen que el m\u00E9s racional \u00E9s que cada individu busqui satisfer les seves necessitats, que coneix millor que ning\u00FA, sense fer mal als altres. \u00C9s la base de molts corrents de l'anarquisme, en posar la persona i no el conjunt al centre."@ca . . . . . "\u0395\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03C5\u03BD\u03BF\u03B5\u03AF \u03BA\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03C3\u03C9\u03C0\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03C6\u03AD\u03C1\u03BF\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03C1\u03BF\u03AC\u03B3\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03C5\u03B7\u03BC\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AD\u03BD\u03B1\u03BD\u03C4\u03B9 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03AF\u03C0\u03C9\u03BD. \u039A\u03B1\u03B8\u03CE\u03C2 \u03BF \u03AC\u03BD\u03B8\u03C1\u03C9\u03C0\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03BF\u03BD, \u03B7 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AE \u03C4\u03AC\u03C3\u03B7 \u03B3\u03B9\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03C4\u03AE\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE, \u03B7 \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BB\u03B1\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03BD\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC\u03C8\u03B9\u03BD \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B5\u03BE\u03B9\u03C3\u03BF\u03C1\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03B5\u03AF \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B8\u03B5\u03BD\u03CC\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5 \u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03C0\u03BB\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF\u03CD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5. \u039F \u03B5\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03CE\u03BD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C9\u03C2 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03B3\u03AC\u03C0\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD \u03C3\u03B5 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B3\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03B2\u03B1\u03B8\u03BC\u03CC \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC\u03BD \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03B4\u03B5\u03B9\u03BA\u03BD\u03CD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BF\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BC\u03B2\u03AC\u03C3\u03B5\u03B9\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B7\u03B8\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C6\u03B9\u03BB\u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1. \u038C\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C4\u03C1\u03BF\u03C6\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03AD\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03B1, \u03BF \u03B5\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C7\u03C1\u03C9\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03AF\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03B1\u03BB\u03B1\u03B6\u03BF\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1."@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1114509708"^^ . "Etisk egoism \u00E4r st\u00E5ndpunkten att man ska g\u00F6ra det som \u00E4r i ens (en). Det som \u00E4r i ens egenintresse kan lika g\u00E4rna vara skadligt f\u00F6r andra, nyttigt f\u00F6r andra eller neutralt f\u00F6r andra. Etisk egoism ska inte f\u00F6rv\u00E4xlas med rationell egoism, som h\u00E4vdar att det \u00E4r f\u00F6rnuftigt att handla i sitt egenintresse, men inte att det \u00E4r ett etiskt imperativ. Etisk egoism kr\u00E4ver inte att individer struntar i andras v\u00E4lbefinnande, inte heller kr\u00E4ver det att individen avst\u00E5r fr\u00E5n att ta andras v\u00E4lbefinnande i \u00E5tanke. Det till\u00E5ter m\u00F6jligheten f\u00F6r b\u00E5dadera s\u00E5 l\u00E4nge det som v\u00E4ljs \u00E4r effektivt i att tillfredsst\u00E4lla egenintresset. F\u00F6r vissa, \u00E4r detta den filosofiska grunden f\u00F6r deras st\u00E4llningstagande f\u00F6r nyliberalism som inneb\u00E4r att individer inte med v\u00E5ld eller tv\u00E5ng f\u00E5r f\u00F6rhindra andra friheten att handla. Etisk egoism \u00E4r i kontrast med den etiska doktrinen altruism som inneb\u00E4r att individer \u00E4r skyldiga att hj\u00E4lpa eller tj\u00E4na andra. En filosofi som h\u00E4vdar att man b\u00F6r vara \u00E4rlig, r\u00E4ttvis, v\u00E4lvillig med mera, f\u00F6r att dessa dygder tj\u00E4nar ens egenintresse \u00E4r egoistisk; en som h\u00E4vdar att man b\u00F6r praktisera dessa dygder av andra sk\u00E4l \u00E4n ens egenintresse \u00E4r inte egoistisk. M\u00E5nga anser att denna syn \u00E4r osannolik vid f\u00F6rsta anblicken, att de som p\u00E5 allvar h\u00E4vdar den vanligtvis g\u00F6r det p\u00E5 bekostnad av att omdefiniera \"egenintresse\" till att innefatta andras intressen. Eller, kan kritiker h\u00E4vda, att skada eller f\u00F6rslava andra \u00E4r vad som \u00E4r i ens egenintresse. En etisk egoist kan svara med att det ofta \u00E4r fr\u00E4mjandet av andras m\u00E5l som b\u00E4st fr\u00E4mjar ens egna intressen, eller att genom att helt enkelt till\u00E5ta frihet \u00E5t andra s\u00E5 \u00E4r ens eget egenintresse till f\u00F6ljd gynnat. \u00C5 andra sidan kan etisk egoism anses vara grund f\u00F6r omoral. Till exempel skrev Thomas Jefferson (USA:s president 1801\u20131809) i ett brev till Thomas Law, \u00E5r 1814: Etisk egoism f\u00F6rekommer i filosofier av individer som La Rochefoucauld, Friedrich Nietzche och Max Stirner (som var den f\u00F6rsta filosof att kalla sig sj\u00E4lv egoist). Andra, som Ayn Rand, Thomas Hobbes, och David Gauthier, har h\u00E4vdat att de konflikter som uppst\u00E5r n\u00E4r folk var f\u00F6r sig str\u00E4var efter sina m\u00E5l kan l\u00F6sas till f\u00F6rdel f\u00F6r varje individ endast om de frivilligt avst\u00E5r vissa av sina m\u00E5l\u2014det vill s\u00E4ga, ens egenintresse \u00E4r ofta eller alltid b\u00E4st gynnat av att \u00E4ven till\u00E5ta andra genomf\u00F6ra sina egenintressen; P\u00E5 s\u00E5 vis r\u00E5der frihet f\u00F6r \u2013 och r\u00E4ttvisa mellan \u2013 individer. Att ge upp kortsiktiga egenintressen f\u00F6r att maximera det l\u00E5ngsiktiga egenintresset \u00E4r \u00E4ven k\u00E4nt som \"rationell egoism\", och detta \u00E4r id\u00E9n bakom de flesta filosofernas f\u00F6respr\u00E5kande av etisk egoism. Termerna \u00E4r dock ej att f\u00F6rv\u00E4xla med Ayn Rands term rationellt egenintresse (eng: \"rational self-interest\") som anv\u00E4nds f\u00F6r att beteckna en kombination av rationell egoism och etisk egoism. Som Nietzsche (i Jenseits von Gut und B\u00F6se) och Alasdair MacIntyre (i After Virtue) \u00E4r k\u00E4nda f\u00F6r att p\u00E5peka, s\u00E5 f\u00F6rknippade de gamla grekerna inte moral med altruism som efter-kristna v\u00E4sterl\u00E4ndska civilisationer har gjort. D\u00E4rf\u00F6r kan anh\u00E4ngare av Rand h\u00E4vda att greker som Aristoteles (f\u00F6r vilken stolthet var en dygd) var etiska egoister. Emellertid, Nietzsche, MacIntyre, och grekerna f\u00F6rknippar inte etisk egoism med moral heller. Aristoteles syn, till exempel \u00E4r att vi har skyldigheter till oss sj\u00E4lva liksom till andra personer (till exempel v\u00E4nner) och till polis som helhet. Termen etisk egoism har ocks\u00E5 applicerats retroaktivt p\u00E5 filosofer som Bernard de Mandeville och m\u00E5nga andra materialister av hans generation, men ingen av dem kallade sig sj\u00E4lva egoister. Etisk egoism strider inte endast mot sekul\u00E4ra altruistiska filosofier, utan \u00E4ven av majoriteten av religionerna. De flesta religioner anser att etisk egoism \u00E4r produkten av brist p\u00E5 \u00E4kta spiritualitet. Framf\u00F6r allt antiegoistiska religioner som kristendom, hinduism och buddhism (se Atman, Anatman och Pudgalavada). I judeo-kristen tradition \u00E4r fr\u00E4mjandet av en individs m\u00E5l utan h\u00E4nsyn till den st\u00F6rre nyttan grund f\u00F6r synd."@sv . . . 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"Ego\u00EDsmo moral"@es . . 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"Etisk egoism"@sv . . . "\u502B\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u502B\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AEthical egoism\uFF09\u662F\u4E3B\u5F35\u9053\u5FB7\u4E3B\u9AD4\u61C9\u8A72\u51FA\u65BC\u81EA\u8EAB\u5229\u76CA\u884C\u4E8B\u3002\u502B\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3001\u5FC3\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8207\u7406\u6027\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u662F\u4E0D\u540C\uFF0C\u5FC3\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8072\u7A31\u4EBA\u5011\u53EA\u6703\u51FA\u65BC\u81EA\u8EAB\u5229\u76CA\u884C\u4E8B\uFF1B\u7406\u6027\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8A8D\u70BA\u4EE5\u500B\u4EBA\u5229\u76CA\u70BA\u51FA\u767C\u9EDE\u662F\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u800C\u502B\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8A8D\u70BA\u53EA\u8981\u5F8C\u679C\u4F7F\u884C\u52D5\u8005\u53D7\u76CA\u4FBF\u53EF\u4EE5\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u9053\u5FB7\u7684\u3002 \u502B\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3001\u529F\u5229\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8207\u5229\u4ED6\u4E3B\u7FA9\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u5229\u4ED6\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8A8D\u70BA\u9053\u5FB7\u4E3B\u9AD4\u6709\u5E6B\u52A9\u4ED6\u4EBA\u7684\u7FA9\u52D9\u3002\u800C\u529F\u5229\u4E3B\u7FA9\u5247\u8A8D\u70BA\u9053\u5FB7\u4E3B\u9AD4\u5C0D\u5F85\u81EA\u6211\u4E0D\u61C9\u9AD8\u65BC\u5C0D\u4ED6\u4EBA\u7684\u5C0A\u91CD\uFF08\u5982\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u4E00\u6A23\uFF0C\u529F\u5229\u4E3B\u7FA9\u8005\u53EA\u662F\u70BA\u4E86\u63D0\u5347\u81EA\u6211\u5229\u76CA\uFF09\u3002\u4F46\u662F\u5B83\u8A8D\u70BA\uFF0C\u53EA\u8981\u4E00\u500B\u4EBA\u7684\u5229\u76CA\u8207\u53E6\u4E00\u500B\u4EBA\u7684\u5229\u76CA\u57FA\u672C\u76F8\u7B49\uFF0C\u5C31\u6C92\u6709\u7FA9\u52D9\u70BA\u4E86\u5E6B\u52A9\u4ED6\u4EBA\u800C\u72A7\u7272\u81EA\u5DF1\u7684\u5229\u76CA\u548C\u5E78\u798F\uFF0C\u4F46\u4ED6\u4ECD\u7136\u53EF\u4EE5\u9078\u64C7\u9019\u6A23\u505A\u3002\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\uFF0C\u529F\u5229\u4E3B\u7FA9\u548C\u5229\u4ED6\u4E3B\u7FA9\u90FD\u662F\u7D50\u679C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\uFF0C\u4F46\u662F\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3001\u5229\u4ED6\u4E3B\u7FA9\u548C\u529F\u5229\u4E3B\u7FA9\u76F8\u6BD4\uFF0C\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u548C\u5229\u4ED6\u4E3B\u7FA9\u90FD\u662F\u4EE5\u4E3B\u9AD4\u70BA\u4E3B\u9AD4\u7684\u7D50\u679C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u3002\u800C\u529F\u5229\u4E3B\u7FA9\u88AB\u8A8D\u70BA\u662F\u4E2D\u7ACB\u7684\uFF0C\u5B83\u4E26\u6C92\u6709\u5C07\u4E3B\u9AD4\u81EA\u8EAB\u7684\u5229\u76CA\u8996\u70BA\u5229\u76CA\u4ED6\u4EBA\u3002 \u502B\u7406\u5229\u5DF1\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7D93\u5E38\u88AB\u7528\u4F5C\u652F\u6301\u53F3\u6D3E\u81EA\u7531\u4E3B\u7FA9\u548C\u500B\u4EBA\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7121\u653F\u5E9C\u4E3B\u7FA9\u7684\u54F2\u5B78\u57FA\u790E\u3002 \u9019\u4E9B\u653F\u6CBB\u7ACB\u5834\u90E8\u5206\u662F\u57FA\u65BC\u9019\u6A23\u7684\u4FE1\u5FF5\uFF1A\u5373\u500B\u4EBA\u4E0D\u61C9\u5F37\u884C\u963B\u6B62\u4ED6\u4EBA\u884C\u4F7F\u81EA\u7531\u3002"@zh . . . . "Tuairim gur ch\u00F3ir do dhuine gn\u00EDomh\u00FA i gc\u00F3na\u00ED chun a leas f\u00E9in a chur ar aghaidh is ea f\u00E9insp\u00E9iseachas, is gurb \u00E9 f\u00E9inleas tuisceanach bun\u00FAs na gn\u00E1thmhor\u00E1ltacha. Molt\u00F3ir c\u00E1ili\u00FAil na tuairime seo ab ea Thomas Hobbes."@ga . "L'egoisme \u00E8tic \u00E9s una doctrina filos\u00F2fica que proposa que cadasc\u00FA s'ocupi del seu propi inter\u00E8s i aix\u00ED el conjunt de la societat funcionar\u00E0. Els seus defensors afirmen que el m\u00E9s racional \u00E9s que cada individu busqui satisfer les seves necessitats, que coneix millor que ning\u00FA, sense fer mal als altres. \u00C9s la base de molts corrents de l'anarquisme, en posar la persona i no el conjunt al centre. L'egoisme \u00E8tic critica la caritat perqu\u00E8 degrada el pro\u00EFsme, en considerar l'altre incapa\u00E7 de buscar el seu propi b\u00E9. Tamb\u00E9 sost\u00E9 que la majoria de normes morals neixen del propi inter\u00E8s: es posen l\u00EDmits generals per evitar que els excessos d'altri perjudiquin l'individu, per tant si cadasc\u00FA mira per ell sense ferir ning\u00FA, no caldran aquests l\u00EDmits, que estaran impl\u00EDcits en la conducta general. Es lliga a l'egoisme psicol\u00F2gic, que afirma que hom sempre busca el mateix inter\u00E8s, fins i tot als actes altruistes (recompensa en forma de sentiments positius). Els seus detractors opinen que aquesta norma porta a la immoralitat perqu\u00E8 acaba prevalent la llei del m\u00E9s fort en cas de conflicte d'interessos. A m\u00E9s a m\u00E9s, creuen que la societat, la vida en com\u00FA, es basa justament en els principis oposats, en enfortir els lligams, l'altruisme i les obligacions m\u00FAtues."@ca . . . . . . . "Egoizm etyczny (\u0142ac. ego - ja) \u2013 pogl\u0105d m\u00F3wi\u0105cy, \u017Ce ka\u017Cdy powinien robi\u0107 to, co le\u017Cy w jego w\u0142asnym interesie. To, co le\u017Cy w jego interesie mo\u017Ce by\u0107 w efekcie krzywdz\u0105ce, korzystne lub neutralne dla innych. Etyczny egoizm nie powinien by\u0107 mylony z racjonalnym egoizmem, kt\u00F3ry utrzymuje, \u017Ce dzia\u0142anie we w\u0142asnym interesie jest racjonalne, a niekoniecznie etyczne. Zwolennicy libertarianizmu s\u0105 egoistami racjonalnymi."@pl . . . . . . . "F\u00E9insp\u00E9iseachas"@ga . . . . "Tuairim gur ch\u00F3ir do dhuine gn\u00EDomh\u00FA i gc\u00F3na\u00ED chun a leas f\u00E9in a chur ar aghaidh is ea f\u00E9insp\u00E9iseachas, is gurb \u00E9 f\u00E9inleas tuisceanach bun\u00FAs na gn\u00E1thmhor\u00E1ltacha. Molt\u00F3ir c\u00E1ili\u00FAil na tuairime seo ab ea Thomas Hobbes."@ga . . "\u0395\u03B3\u03C9\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2"@el . . . . . . . . . . "Egoizm etyczny"@pl . . "24425"^^ . .