. "Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are placed on the surface of the cornea (DTL silver/nylon fiber string or ERG jet) or on the skin beneath the eye (sensor strips) to measure retinal responses. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) responses are measured with an EOG test with skin-contact electrodes placed near the canthi. During a recording, the patient's eyes are exposed to standardized stimuli and the resulting signal is displayed showing the time course of the signal's amplitude (voltage). Signals are very small, and typically are measured in microvolts or nanovolts. The ERG is composed of electrical pote"@en . "\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0633 \u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u064E\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064E\u0651\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064B\u0627 ERG) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0637) \u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u062B\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u062A\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u062E\u064A\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0646/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 DTL \u0623\u0648(ERG Jet) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646 (\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631) \u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063A\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 (RPE) \u0628\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631 EOG \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646 (\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646). \u062A\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062D\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062A \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0648\u0636\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F). \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0642\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062E\u0637\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u062D\u0641\u064A\u0632 (\u0648\u0645\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062D\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u062D\u0627\u0643\u064A\u060C \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0648\u062F\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062D\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0641\u064A\u0629) \u0623\u0646 \u062A\u062B\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0645\u0639\u064A\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062C\u0631\u064A \u0645\u062E\u0637\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062E\u0627\u0641\u062A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0645\u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060C \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A.\u0633\u062A\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062A \u0623\u062C\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u2013\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0643\u064A\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621- \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064A. \u062A\u0624\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064D \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062C\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u062D\u062A\u0648\u064A \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062C\u0629 a(\u0627\u0646\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064A \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064A) \u0645\u062A\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0629 b (\u0627\u0646\u062D\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u064A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u064A). \u062A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0629 a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064A\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0628\u064A\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0646\u062A\u062C \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062A\u0628\u0642\u064A \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062C\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064A\u062C \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u062B\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0639\u062F\u064A\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0628\u0642\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0637 ERG (PERG) -\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u064A\u062B\u064A\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u062A\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0631\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0631\u0646\u062C \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629."@ar . . . . . . . . . "Elektroretinogramm"@de . . "L'\u00E9lectror\u00E9tinographie (ERG) est un examen \u00E9lectrophysiologique. Il est r\u00E9alis\u00E9 dans des services sp\u00E9cialis\u00E9s de neurophysiologie clinique ou en ophtalmologie et permet de diagnostiquer certaines anomalies de la r\u00E9tine. Il est r\u00E9alis\u00E9 gr\u00E2ce \u00E0 un \u00E9lectror\u00E9tinographe et donne un \u00E9lectror\u00E9tinogramme."@fr . . . "Electroretinography"@en . . . "1099701102"^^ . . . . . . . . "L'elettroretinografia (ERG) \u00E8 una tecnica diagnostica impegnata in oculistica per misurare graficamente i dei fotorecettori retinici quando vengono stimolati da un impulso luminoso. Il tracciato su carta prodotto da questo esame \u00E8 detto elettroretinogramma, consiste nella registrazione dei potenziali elettrici che si generano nella retina come risposta ad una stimolazione luminosa.L'esame viene svolto secondo questa procedura:1) Vengono instillate delle gocce di anestetico e poi posti 5 elettrodi: uno sulla fronte, due a livello dei canti esterni e due nel fornice congiuntivale.2) Prima dell'esame \u00E8 necessario l'adattamento al buio rimanendo in una zona scura per pi\u00F9 o meno 15 minuti.3) Infine si viene posizionati dinanzi ad una cupola che emettera dei flash luminosi, il risultato \u00E8 un tr"@it . "Elettroretinografia"@it . . . . "95.20999999999999"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1594493"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'\u00E9lectror\u00E9tinographie (ERG) est un examen \u00E9lectrophysiologique. Il est r\u00E9alis\u00E9 dans des services sp\u00E9cialis\u00E9s de neurophysiologie clinique ou en ophtalmologie et permet de diagnostiquer certaines anomalies de la r\u00E9tine. Il est r\u00E9alis\u00E9 gr\u00E2ce \u00E0 un \u00E9lectror\u00E9tinographe et donne un \u00E9lectror\u00E9tinogramme."@fr . . . . . . . "11919"^^ . . "Das Elektroretinogramm (ERG) ist ein diagnostisches Hilfsmittel zur Untersuchung der Netzhautfunktion. Dabei werden Lichtreize appliziert und die darauf von der Netzhaut gebildeten elektrischen Potenziale mittels mehrerer Elektroden aufgezeichnet. Diese Potenziale spiegeln die elektrische Aktivit\u00E4t der Zapfen und St\u00E4bchen, sowie der Bipolarzellen wider. Es wird zwischen skotopischen (dunkeladaptierten) und photopischen (helladaptierten) Bedingungen unterschieden. Bei skotopischen Bedingungen werden haupts\u00E4chlich die St\u00E4bchen, bei photopischen Bedingungen die Zapfen getestet. Die Untersuchung wird z. B. im Rahmen von Verlaufskontrollen der Retinopathia pigmentosa eingesetzt. Beim Ganzfeld-Elektroretinogramm bleiben St\u00F6rungen, die nur die Makula betreffen meist verborgen, weswegen bei Verdacht auf St\u00F6rung des zentralen Gesichtsfeldes das Multifokal-Elektroretinogramm (mfERG) Anwendung findet. Hierbei werden dem Patienten sich ver\u00E4ndernde Lichtreize f\u00FCr bestimmte Areale der Netzhaut angeboten und die Antwortkurve f\u00FCr jedes Netzhautareal separat berechnet. Auch in der Zoologie \u2013 speziell in der Sinnesphysiologie der Tiere \u2013 wird das Elektroretinogramm zur Untersuchung der Augen von Vertebraten und Invertebraten genutzt."@de . "Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are placed on the surface of the cornea (DTL silver/nylon fiber string or ERG jet) or on the skin beneath the eye (sensor strips) to measure retinal responses. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) responses are measured with an EOG test with skin-contact electrodes placed near the canthi. During a recording, the patient's eyes are exposed to standardized stimuli and the resulting signal is displayed showing the time course of the signal's amplitude (voltage). Signals are very small, and typically are measured in microvolts or nanovolts. The ERG is composed of electrical potentials contributed by different cell types within the retina, and the stimulus conditions (flash or pattern stimulus, whether a background light is present, and the colors of the stimulus and background) can elicit stronger response from certain components. If a dim flash ERG is performed on a dark-adapted eye, the response is primarily from the rod system. Flash ERGs performed on a light adapted eye will reflect the activity of the cone system. Sufficiently bright flashes will elicit ERGs containing an a-wave (initial negative deflection) followed by a b-wave (positive deflection). The leading edge of the a-wave is produced by the photoreceptors, while the remainder of the wave is produced by a mixture of cells including photoreceptors, bipolar, amacrine, and M\u00FCller cells or M\u00FCller glia. The pattern ERG (PERG), evoked by an alternating checkerboard stimulus, primarily reflects activity of retinal ganglion cells."@en . "\u042D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u041D\u0430 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0442\u044C 3 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430: \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F a-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430, , b-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430, , \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0434\u043D\u044F\u044F c-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430 . \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 ERG, c-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C (\u0446\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E)."@ru . . "Electroretinography"@en . "\u00C9lectror\u00E9tinographie"@fr . . "Maximal response ERG waveform from a dark adapted eye."@en . "La electrorretinograf\u00EDa se utiliza para medir la respuesta el\u00E9ctrica de c\u00E9lulas en la retina, incluyendo los fotorreceptores (conos y bastones). Los electrodos se colocan sobre la c\u00F3rnea y la piel cercana al ojo. Durante una grabaci\u00F3n, el paciente mira un est\u00EDmulo est\u00E1ndar y la se\u00F1al resultante se interpreta en t\u00E9rminos de su amplitud de voltaje su duraci\u00F3n. Los est\u00EDmulos incluyen destellos (flash ERG) y modelos de rejillas (pattern ERG). Se aplica principalmente en oftalmolog\u00EDa, donde el electrorretinograma (ERG) se utiliza para el diagn\u00F3stico de varias enfermedades de la retina:\u200B"@es . . "\u064A\u0642\u064A\u0633 \u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u064E\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064E\u0651\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064B\u0627 ERG) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064A \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062A\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062E\u0627\u0631\u064A\u0637) \u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644\u064A\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u062B\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062F\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u062A\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064A\u0629 (\u062E\u064A\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u064A\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064A\u0644\u0648\u0646/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0629 DTL \u0623\u0648(ERG Jet) \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646 (\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062A\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631) \u0644\u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629. \u062A\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062C\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063A\u064A\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 (RPE) \u0628\u0627\u062E\u062A\u0628\u0627\u0631 EOG \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062C\u0644\u062F \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646 (\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646). \u062A\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u064A\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064A\u0636 \u0623\u062B\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0633\u062C\u064A\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062D\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062A \u0642\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u062A\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062A\u062C\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u062A\u0648\u0636\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064A \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F). \u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062A \u0635\u063A\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u062C\u062F\u064B\u0627\u060C \u0648\u062A\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u062F\u0629\u064B \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062F\u0642\u064A\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u062A\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062E\u0637\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062A \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629 \u062A\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062E\u062A\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062E\u0644\u0627\u064A\u0627 \u062F\u0627\u062E\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u064A\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . "Das Elektroretinogramm (ERG) ist ein diagnostisches Hilfsmittel zur Untersuchung der Netzhautfunktion. Dabei werden Lichtreize appliziert und die darauf von der Netzhaut gebildeten elektrischen Potenziale mittels mehrerer Elektroden aufgezeichnet. Diese Potenziale spiegeln die elektrische Aktivit\u00E4t der Zapfen und St\u00E4bchen, sowie der Bipolarzellen wider. Es wird zwischen skotopischen (dunkeladaptierten) und photopischen (helladaptierten) Bedingungen unterschieden. Bei skotopischen Bedingungen werden haupts\u00E4chlich die St\u00E4bchen, bei photopischen Bedingungen die Zapfen getestet. Die Untersuchung wird z. B. im Rahmen von Verlaufskontrollen der Retinopathia pigmentosa eingesetzt."@de . "La electrorretinograf\u00EDa se utiliza para medir la respuesta el\u00E9ctrica de c\u00E9lulas en la retina, incluyendo los fotorreceptores (conos y bastones). Los electrodos se colocan sobre la c\u00F3rnea y la piel cercana al ojo. Durante una grabaci\u00F3n, el paciente mira un est\u00EDmulo est\u00E1ndar y la se\u00F1al resultante se interpreta en t\u00E9rminos de su amplitud de voltaje su duraci\u00F3n. Los est\u00EDmulos incluyen destellos (flash ERG) y modelos de rejillas (pattern ERG). Se aplica principalmente en oftalmolog\u00EDa, donde el electrorretinograma (ERG) se utiliza para el diagn\u00F3stico de varias enfermedades de la retina:\u200B \n* Retinosquisis cong\u00E9nita y degeneraciones hereditarias relacionadas \n* Amaurosis cong\u00E9nita de Leber \n* Arteriosclerosis \n* Arteritis de c\u00E9lulas gigantes \n* Coroideremia \n* Mucopolisacaridosis \n* Desprendimiento de retina \n* Intoxicaci\u00F3n con hierro \n* Anemia \n* Atrofia de la retina y coroides \n* S\u00EDndrome de Goldman-Favre \n* Ceguera nocturna cong\u00E9nita - una onda a normal indica fotorreceptores normales; la ausencia de onda b indica anormalidades en la regi\u00F3n de la neurona bipolar. \n* Acromatopsia \n* Retinosis pigmentaria y patolog\u00EDas asociadas como el S\u00EDndrome de Usher. \n* La t\u00E9cnica de se utiliza para registrar respuestas separadas a diferentes posiciones de la retina. Los electroretinogramas puede dividirse en tres componentes: una onda a inicial, causada por corrientes i\u00F3nicas extracelulares generados por fotorreceptores durante la fototransducci\u00F3n; una onda b que corresponde a la actividad de una c\u00E9lula bipolar, una \u00FAltima onda c, que se genera por el epitelio pigmentario retinal y c\u00E9lulas M\u00FCller. Seg\u00FAn del tipo de ERG que se utilice, la onda c puede ser positiva, negativa o nula.\u200B"@es . . . . "D004596"@en . . . . "\u062A\u062E\u0637\u064A\u0637 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064A\u0629"@ar . . "\u042D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044F \u2014 \u043C\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0434 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0444\u0443\u043D\u043A\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043E\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0435\u043D\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0432, \u0432\u043E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438. \u041D\u0430 \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043C\u043C\u0430\u0445 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E \u0432\u044B\u0434\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0442\u044C 3 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u043F\u043E\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430: \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0430\u044F a-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430, , b-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430, , \u0438 \u043F\u043E\u0437\u0434\u043D\u044F\u044F c-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430 . \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043C\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 ERG, c-\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0430 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044B\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439, \u043E\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044C (\u0446\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E)."@ru . "\u042D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044F"@ru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "L'elettroretinografia (ERG) \u00E8 una tecnica diagnostica impegnata in oculistica per misurare graficamente i dei fotorecettori retinici quando vengono stimolati da un impulso luminoso. Il tracciato su carta prodotto da questo esame \u00E8 detto elettroretinogramma, consiste nella registrazione dei potenziali elettrici che si generano nella retina come risposta ad una stimolazione luminosa.L'esame viene svolto secondo questa procedura:1) Vengono instillate delle gocce di anestetico e poi posti 5 elettrodi: uno sulla fronte, due a livello dei canti esterni e due nel fornice congiuntivale.2) Prima dell'esame \u00E8 necessario l'adattamento al buio rimanendo in una zona scura per pi\u00F9 o meno 15 minuti.3) Infine si viene posizionati dinanzi ad una cupola che emettera dei flash luminosi, il risultato \u00E8 un tracciato che evidenzia la funzionalit\u00E0 retinica.Esistono diversi tipi di elettroretinografia c'\u00E8 quello di flash (ovvero quello appena spiegato) e quella di pattern (invece della luce ci sono una serie di quadrati bianchi e neri da osservare)."@it . . . "Electrorretinograf\u00EDa"@es .