"13520"^^ . . "Il G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif (\"Editto supremo del giardino delle rose\"; francese: Hatti-Ch\u00E9rif de Gulhan\u00E9) o Tanzim\u00E2t Ferm\u00E2n\u0131 (\"Editto imperiale di riorganizzazione\") fu una proclamazione del sultano ottomano Abd\u00FClmecid I nel 1839 che lanci\u00F2 il periodo di riforme e riorganizzazione nell'impero ottomano. Il 125 \u00B0 anniversario dell'editto era raffigurato su un vecchio francobollo postale turco. La proclamazione avvenne per volere del riformista Gran Visir Mustafa Re\u015Fid Pasha. Promese riforme come l'abolizione delle iltizam (la vendita del diritto di raccogliere imposte su un territorio, a fronte di una cifra prefissata, una sorta di leasing fiscale), la riforma della coscrizione e la garanzia dei diritti a tutti i cittadini ottomani indipendentemente dalla religione o dal gruppo etnico. L'obiettivo del decreto era quello di aiutare a modernizzare militarmente e socialmente l'impero in modo che potesse competere con le Grandi Potenze d'Europa. Si sperava anche che le riforme conquistassero le parti disaffezionate dell'impero, specialmente nelle parti dell'Europa controllata dagli ottomani, a maggioranza cristiana. Al momento dell'editto, il Millet aveva guadagnato una grande quantit\u00E0 di autonomia religiosa all'interno dell'impero, minacciando il governo centrale. Questo editto, insieme al successivo editto di riforma imperiale del 1856, fu quindi un primo passo verso l'obiettivo dell'impero verso l'ottomanismo, o un'identit\u00E0 ottomana nazionale e legale unificata. Fu pubblicato sul Takvim-i Vekayi in turco ottomano. Inoltre, \u00E8 stato pubblicato in greco e francese, quest'ultimo sul Moniteur ottoman, e , un dragomanno, cre\u00F2 la sua versione francese, pubblicata sul Journal Asiatique. L'Editto di G\u00FClhane non eman\u00F2 alcuna modifica legale ufficiale, fece semplicemente delle promesse Reali ai sudditi dell'impero, che non furono mai completamente attuate a causa del nazionalismo cristiano e del risentimento tra le popolazioni musulmane in queste aree. Alla fine della guerra di Crimea, le potenze occidentali fecero pressioni sulla Turchia affinch\u00E9 intraprendesse ulteriori riforme, principalmente per privare i russi, con i quali erano in corso negoziati di pace, di ogni ulteriore pretesa di intervento negli affari interni dell'Impero Ottomano. Il risultato di queste pressioni fu la proclamazione dell'Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBnu (Rescritto Imperiale) del 18 febbraio 1856."@it . . 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"\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u52C5\u4EE4\uFF08\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u3061\u3087\u304F\u308C\u3044\u3001Hatt-i Sharif (Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif) of G\u00FClhane\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30D6\u30C7\u30E5\u30EB\u30E1\u30B8\u30C81\u4E16\u6CBB\u4E0B\u306E\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u5E1D\u56FD\u3067\u30011839\u5E74\u306B\u5916\u76F8\u30E0\u30B9\u30BF\u30D5\u30A1\u30FB\u30EC\u30B7\u30C8\u30FB\u30D1\u30B7\u30E3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8D77\u8349\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767A\u5E03\u3055\u308C\u305F\u52C5\u4EE4\u3002\u30BF\u30F3\u30B8\u30DE\u30FC\u30C8\uFF08\u6069\u6075\u6539\u9769\uFF09\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u65B9\u91DD\u3092\u793A\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7AEF\u7DD2\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30BF\u30F3\u30B8\u30DE\u30FC\u30C8\u52C5\u4EE4\u3068\u3088\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "El Edicto de G\u00FClhane o Noble Edicto de la Estancia Rosa (G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerifi), fue un decreto imperial otomano promulgado el 3 de noviembre de 1839 por el sult\u00E1n Abd\u00FClmecid I, en el parque de G\u00FClhane situado junto a las murallas del Palacio de Topkap\u0131, y mediante el cual se dio inicio a la \u00E9poca conocida como Tanzimat, o de las reformas, dentro del Imperio otomano y abarcaron los a\u00F1os centrales del siglo XIX. Aunque el inicio de las reformas otomanas siempre se ha situado tras la llegada al trono de Abd\u00FClmecid I, lo cierto es que \u00E9stas se basaron en un proyecto de su padre, el sult\u00E1n anterior Mahmud II, asistido por quien fue su colaborador m\u00E1s preciado, .\u200B Una de las reformas m\u00E1s c\u00E9lebres, llevada a cabo por Mahmud II, fue la abolici\u00F3n del cuerpo de infanter\u00EDa de los Jen\u00EDzaros en 1826. Pero adem\u00E1s fue el creador de lo que m\u00E1s tarde ser\u00EDan los primeros ministerios otomanos (1836); reorganiz\u00F3 toda la estructura administrativa del estado; fund\u00F3 nuevas escuelas destinadas al funcionariado, cre\u00F3 el primer peri\u00F3dico otomano Tavkim-\u0131 Vekayi, desde donde el gobierno anunciaba semanalmente las nuevas leyes y decretos aprobados; reform\u00F3 la administraci\u00F3n local; moderniz\u00F3 el sistema fiscal, la recluta militar y la confecci\u00F3n de censos de poblaci\u00F3n; y cre\u00F3 un reglamento para los funcionarios en virtud del cual estos deb\u00EDan vestir a la europea.\u200B Sin embargo, el Edicto de G\u00FClhane conten\u00EDan promesas de gran calado social e institucional. Adem\u00E1s de establecer un sistema regular de impuestos, y desarrollar un sistema de reclutamiento y entrenamiento moderno para las fuerzas armadas, garantizaba que las personas que constitu\u00EDan la poblaci\u00F3n del Imperio eran iguales entre s\u00ED, sin distinci\u00F3n de religi\u00F3n ni nacionalidad, algo que estaba en contradicci\u00F3n con al ley musulmana b\u00E1sica y se enfrentaba de lleno con los fundamentos sociales del estado desde su fundaci\u00F3n.\u200B En consecuencia, el nuevo edicto garantizaba la vida, seguridad, honor y propiedades de toda la poblaci\u00F3n. Y si bien no se puede considerar que fuera una aut\u00E9ntica constituci\u00F3n -el sult\u00E1n pod\u00EDa abrogar las reformas que \u00E9l mismo hab\u00EDa aprobado-, signific\u00F3 el acta de nacimiento de la ciudadan\u00EDa otomana aunque las nuevas leyes que deb\u00EDan hacer a todos los ciudadanos iguales ante la ley a\u00FAn no estaban redactadas ni aprobadas.\u200B"@es . . . "Hatti-ch\u00E9rif"@fr . "\u82B1\u5385\u5FA1\u8BCF"@zh . . . . . . . . "Editto di G\u00FClhane"@it . "Le Hatt-i Sharif de G\u00FClhane (\"Noble rescrit de la Maison des roses\") est la premi\u00E8re r\u00E9forme des tanzimat, sign\u00E9e le 3 novembre 1839 par le Sultan Abd\u00FClmecid Ier. Cet \u00E9dit garantit la vie et la propri\u00E9t\u00E9 de tous les sujets ottomans, sans distinction de religion. Il confie la collecte des imp\u00F4ts \u00E0 un fonctionnaire salari\u00E9 de l\u2019\u00C9tat, assist\u00E9 d\u2019un Divan compos\u00E9 de neuf musulmans et de quatre chr\u00E9tiens (deux orthodoxes, un maronite et un Arm\u00E9nien). \n* Portail de l\u2019Empire ottoman"@fr . . . "Le Hatt-i Sharif de G\u00FClhane (\"Noble rescrit de la Maison des roses\") est la premi\u00E8re r\u00E9forme des tanzimat, sign\u00E9e le 3 novembre 1839 par le Sultan Abd\u00FClmecid Ier. Cet \u00E9dit garantit la vie et la propri\u00E9t\u00E9 de tous les sujets ottomans, sans distinction de religion. Il confie la collecte des imp\u00F4ts \u00E0 un fonctionnaire salari\u00E9 de l\u2019\u00C9tat, assist\u00E9 d\u2019un Divan compos\u00E9 de neuf musulmans et de quatre chr\u00E9tiens (deux orthodoxes, un maronite et un Arm\u00E9nien). Bien que ce rescrit f\u00FBt pr\u00E9sent\u00E9 \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque dans la presse occidentale, en France notamment, comme une constitution, il en \u00E9tait encore loin. La libert\u00E9 de religion et de croyance n'\u00E9tait pas institu\u00E9e d'une mani\u00E8re non \u00E9quivoque, de m\u00EAme que l'\u00E9galit\u00E9 politique entre musulmans et non-musulmans. Dans la pratique, les communaut\u00E9s non-musulmanes reconnues b\u00E9n\u00E9ficiaient de la libert\u00E9 de religion, certains non-musulmans remplissaient des fonctions auxiliaires au sein des institutions ottomanes, interpr\u00E8tes, envoy\u00E9s sp\u00E9ciaux, mais aussi, d'une mani\u00E8re informelle, des Grecs, des Arm\u00E9niens et des Juifs travaillaient comme m\u00E9decins, secr\u00E9taires et conseillers pour divers sultans et notables pendant la premi\u00E8re moiti\u00E9 du XXe si\u00E8cle mais ne b\u00E9n\u00E9ficiaient pas de la s\u00E9curit\u00E9 ou des droits musulmans. \n* Portail de l\u2019Empire ottoman"@fr . . . . . . . . "\u03A4\u03BF \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u0394\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A1\u03BF\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1 \u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03BA\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AD (\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03BA\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif, \"\u03B9\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C1\u03BF\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1\") \u03AE \u0394\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4 (Tanzim\u00E2t Ferm\u00E2n\u0131, \"\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2\"), \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 (\u03C7\u03B1\u03C4-\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C6) \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B4\u03CC\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 2 \u039D\u03BF\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1839 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03C0\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB \u039C\u03B5\u03C4\u03B6\u03AF\u03C4 \u0391\u0384,\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BA\u03AE\u03C0\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03BA\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF \u03B5\u03BE\u03C9\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03C4\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B5\u03BC\u03C0\u03BD\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03A1\u03B5\u03C3\u03AF\u03C4 \u03A0\u03B1\u03C3\u03AC\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BE\u03B5\u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03C1\u03C5\u03B8\u03BC\u03AF\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03C9\u03C2 \u00AB\u03A4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u00BB. \u03A4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03C3\u03C6\u03AC\u03BB\u03B9\u03B6\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC\u03BB\u03C5\u03C4\u03B7 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C5\u03B8\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03CC\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C5\u03C0\u03B7\u03BA\u03CC\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03B1\u03BD\u03B5\u03BE\u03B1\u03C1\u03C4\u03AE\u03C4\u03C9\u03C2 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03CD\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2. \u03A0\u03B1\u03C1\u03AC \u03C4\u03B1\u03CD\u03C4\u03B1, \u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03CC \u03B4\u03B5\u03BD \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03CC\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C0\u03BB\u03AE\u03C1\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BC\u03AD\u03C7\u03C1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF 1856, \u03BF\u03C0\u03CC\u03C4\u03B5 \u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03BB\u03BF\u03CD\u03B8\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B4\u03B5\u03CD\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03BF \u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03A7\u03B1\u03C4\u03C4 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03C1\u03C5\u03B8\u03BC\u03AF\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD."@el . . . . . "\u03A4\u03BF \u0391\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u0394\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A1\u03BF\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1 \u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03BA\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03AD (\u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03BA\u03B9\u03BA\u03AC: G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif, \"\u03B9\u03B5\u03C1\u03CC \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C1\u03BF\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1\") \u03AE \u0394\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4 (Tanzim\u00E2t Ferm\u00E2n\u0131, \"\u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03B4\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2\"), \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03CC \u03B4\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 (\u03C7\u03B1\u03C4-\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03C6) \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BA\u03B4\u03CC\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03C2 2 \u039D\u03BF\u03B5\u03BC\u03B2\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 1839 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u0391\u03BC\u03C0\u03BD\u03C4\u03BF\u03CD\u03BB \u039C\u03B5\u03C4\u03B6\u03AF\u03C4 \u0391\u0384,\u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B1\u03BA\u03BF\u03B9\u03BD\u03CE\u03B8\u03B7\u03BA\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03BA\u03AE\u03C0\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u0393\u03BA\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03C7\u03B1\u03BD\u03B5 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03C5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C5\u03C1\u03B3\u03BF \u03B5\u03BE\u03C9\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03C9\u03BD \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03C4\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BF \u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03AF\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03C4\u03B5\u03BB\u03B5\u03C3\u03B5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03BF\u03BD \u03B5\u03BC\u03C0\u03BD\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03C5\u03C4\u03BF\u03BA\u03C1\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03A1\u03B5\u03C3\u03AF\u03C4 \u03A0\u03B1\u03C3\u03AC\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BE\u03B5\u03BA\u03AF\u03BD\u03B7\u03C3\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03B4\u03BF \u03BC\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03C1\u03C1\u03C5\u03B8\u03BC\u03AF\u03C3\u03B5\u03C9\u03BD \u03B3\u03BD\u03C9\u03C3\u03C4\u03AE \u03C9\u03C2 \u00AB\u03A4\u03B1\u03BD\u03B6\u03B9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u00BB."@el . . . "604321"^^ . . . . "\u82B1\u5385\u5FA1\u8BCF\u6216\u5FA1\u56ED\u6555\u4EE4\uFF08\u571F\u8033\u5176\u8A9E\uFF1AG\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif\uFF09\u662F\u7531\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u82CF\u4E39\u3001\u54C8\u91CC\u53D1\u963F\u535C\u675C\u52D2-\u8FC8\u5409\u5FB7\u4E00\u4E16\u4E8E\u516C\u51431839\u5E7411\u67083\u65E5\u7F72\u540D\uFF0C\u5728\u5927\u7EF4\u9F50\u5C14\u7A46\u65AF\u5854\u6CD5\u00B7\u96F7\u5E0C\u5FB7\u5E15\u590F\u63A8\u52A8\u4E0B\u65BC\u5C45\u723E\u54C8\u5C3C\u516C\u5712\u9881\u5E03\u7684\u4E00\u4EFD\uFF08\u56E0\u6B64\u5F97\u540D\u300C\u82B1\u5EF3\u300D\uFF09\u3002 \u8BCF\u547D\u7531\u96F7\u5E0C\u5FB7\u5728\u5E1D\u56FD\u82CF\u4E39\u3001\u5404\u7701\u90E8\u5927\u81E3\u3001\u6587\u6B66\u767E\u5B98\u3001\u5E0C\u814A\u3001\u4E9A\u7F8E\u5C3C\u4E9A\u53CA\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u5B97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5E76\u5404\u56FD\u4F7F\u8282\u7684\u8385\u4E34\u4E0B\u5BA3\u8BFB\u3002\u968F\u540E\uFF0C\u8BCF\u547D\u88AB\u520A\u884C\u4E8E\u62A5\u520A\u4E4B\u4E0A\u5E76\u4EE5\u6CD5\u8BED\u7FFB\u8BD1\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u9012\u9001\u81F3\u6B27\u6D32\u8BF8\u56FD\u53CA\u5176\u4F7F\u9986\u3002\u6B64\u8BCF\u547D\u9881\u884C\u662D\u793A\u7740\u5766\u5FD7\u9EA6\u7279\u65F6\u4EE3\u7684\u5F00\u7AEF\u3002\u8FD9\u4EFD\u8BCF\u547D\u662F\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u665A\u671F\u73B0\u4EE3\u5316\u5C1D\u8BD5\u7684\u6807\u5FD7\u6027\u4EA7\u7269\u3002\u5176\u76EE\u7684\u662F\u5EFA\u7ACB\u73B0\u4EE3\u5316\u7684\u3001\u6B27\u5F0F\u7684\u653F\u5E9C\u5E76\u5C06\u4E1C\u6B63\u6559\u5F92\u3001\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u4EBA\u3001\u4E9A\u7F8E\u5C3C\u4E9A\u4EBA\u7B49\u5404\u65CF\u88D4\u6574\u5408\u5165\u4E00\u4E2A\u66F4\u4E3A\u7EDF\u4E00\u7684\u8EAB\u4EFD\u8BA4\u540C\u4E4B\u4E2D\u3002\u5FA1\u8BCF\u4E2D\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5BF9\u5E1D\u56FD\u519B\u4E8B\u4F53\u5236\u3001\u884C\u653F\u4F53\u5236\u3001\u6CD5\u5F8B\u53CA\u6559\u80B2\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7406\u5FF5\u3002\u5FA1\u8BCF\u5411\u5E1D\u56FD\u5404\u81E3\u6C11\u4FDD\u8BC1\u4E86\u751F\u547D\u7684\u5B89\u5168\u3001\u5C0A\u4E25\u53CA\u8D22\u4EA7\u4E0D\u53D7\u4FB5\u72AF\u3001\u8FD0\u884C\u6709\u5E38\u7684\u7A0E\u6536\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3001\u5E73\u7B49\u7684\u5F81\u5175\u5236\u5EA6\u53CA\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u5175\u5F79\u671F\u9650\u3002"@zh . . . . . "Edicto de G\u00FClhane"@es . . "\uD558\uD2F0 \uC0E4\uB9AC\uD504 \uCE59\uB839(Hatt-i Sharif of G\u00FClhane, Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber)\uC740 1839\uB144 \uC624\uC2A4\uB9CC \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC220\uD0C4 \uC555\uB458\uB9C8\uC9C0\uB4DC 1\uC138\uAC00 \uACF5\uD45C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uD0C4\uC9C0\uB9C8\uD2B8 \uAC1C\uD601\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uC870\uCE58\uC600\uB2E4. \uCE59\uB839\uC740 \uAC1C\uD601\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uC600\uB358 \uCF54\uCE74 \uBB34\uC2A4\uD0C0\uD30C \uB808\uC2DC\uB4DC \uD30C\uC0E4\uAC00 \uACF5\uD45C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uC9C0\uC988\uC57C\uB97C \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uC138\uAE08 \uD3D0\uC9C0\uC640 \uC9D5\uBCD1\uC81C \uAC1C\uC815\uACFC \uC885\uAD50 \uD3C9\uB4F1\uC758 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC744 \uB2F4\uC558\uB2E4. \uCE59\uB839\uC758 \uBAA9\uC801\uC740 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC744 \uADFC\uB300\uD654\uD558\uACE0 \uAD70\uC0AC \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uB7FD \uAC15\uB300\uAD6D\uACFC \uACBD\uC7C1\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD568\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC81C\uAD6D \uC804\uCCB4 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uD2B9\uD788 \uC624\uC2A4\uB9CC\uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC720\uB7FD \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uACF5\uD45C\uB418\uAE38 \uBC14\uB77C\uB294 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uB9CE\uC558\uC73C\uBA70 \uC774\uB294 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC0C1\uB2F9\uD788 \uB9CE\uC558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Edict of G\u00FClhane"@en . . "\uD558\uD2F0 \uC0E4\uB9AC\uD504 \uCE59\uB839"@ko . "The G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif (\"Supreme Edict of the Rosehouse\"; French: Hatti-Ch\u00E9rif de Gulhan\u00E9) or Tanzim\u00E2t Ferm\u00E2n\u0131 (\"Imperial Edict of Reorganization\") was a proclamation by Ottoman Sultan Abd\u00FClmecid I in 1839 that launched the Tanzim\u00E2t period of reforms and reorganization in the Ottoman Empire. The 125th anniversary of the edict was depicted on a former Turkish postcard stamp. The proclamation was issued at the behest of reformist Grand Vizier Mustafa Re\u015Fid Pasha. It promised reforms such as the abolition of tax farming, reform of conscription, and guarantee of rights to all Ottoman citizens regardless of religion or ethnic group. The goal of the decree was to help modernize the empire militarily and socially so that it could compete with the Great Powers of Europe. It also was hoped the reforms would win over the disaffected parts of the empire, especially in the Ottoman controlled parts of Europe, which were largely Christian. At the time of the edict, millets (independent communal law-courts) had gained a large amount of religious autonomy within the empire, threatening the central government. This edict, along with the subsequent Imperial Reform Edict of 1856, was therefore an early step towards the empire's goal of Ottomanism, or a unified national and legal Ottoman identity. It was published in the Tekvim-i Vekayi in Ottoman Turkish. In addition, it was published in Greek and French, the latter in Moniteur ottoman, and , a dragoman, created his own French version, published in the Journal Asiatique. The Edict of G\u00FClhane did not enact any official legal changes but merely made royal promises to the empire's subjects, and they were never fully implemented due to Christian nationalism and resentment among Muslim populations in these areas. At the end of the Crimean War, the Western powers pressured Turkey to undertake further reforms, mainly to deprive the Russians, with whom peace negotiations were then under way, of any further pretense for intervention in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire. The result of these pressures was the proclamation of the Hatt-\u0131 H\u00FCm\u00E2y\u00FBn (Imperial Rescript) of 18 February 1856."@en . . . . "\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0646\u0629"@ar . . . . . . . . . "1101648113"^^ . . . "\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u52C5\u4EE4"@ja . "\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u52C5\u4EE4\uFF08\u30AE\u30E5\u30EB\u30CF\u30CD\u3061\u3087\u304F\u308C\u3044\u3001Hatt-i Sharif (Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif) of G\u00FClhane\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30D6\u30C7\u30E5\u30EB\u30E1\u30B8\u30C81\u4E16\u6CBB\u4E0B\u306E\u30AA\u30B9\u30DE\u30F3\u5E1D\u56FD\u3067\u30011839\u5E74\u306B\u5916\u76F8\u30E0\u30B9\u30BF\u30D5\u30A1\u30FB\u30EC\u30B7\u30C8\u30FB\u30D1\u30B7\u30E3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8D77\u8349\u3055\u308C\u3001\u30B9\u30EB\u30BF\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u767A\u5E03\u3055\u308C\u305F\u52C5\u4EE4\u3002\u30BF\u30F3\u30B8\u30DE\u30FC\u30C8\uFF08\u6069\u6075\u6539\u9769\uFF09\u306E\u57FA\u672C\u65B9\u91DD\u3092\u793A\u3057\u3001\u305D\u306E\u7AEF\u7DD2\u3068\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u30BF\u30F3\u30B8\u30DE\u30FC\u30C8\u52C5\u4EE4\u3068\u3088\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . "The G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif (\"Supreme Edict of the Rosehouse\"; French: Hatti-Ch\u00E9rif de Gulhan\u00E9) or Tanzim\u00E2t Ferm\u00E2n\u0131 (\"Imperial Edict of Reorganization\") was a proclamation by Ottoman Sultan Abd\u00FClmecid I in 1839 that launched the Tanzim\u00E2t period of reforms and reorganization in the Ottoman Empire. The 125th anniversary of the edict was depicted on a former Turkish postcard stamp."@en . . . . . . "\u062E\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u064A\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u062E\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0643\u064A\u0629: Tanzimat Ferman\u0131)\u200F \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062F\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u064A\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064A\u0648\u0645 26 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1255\u0647\u0640 (3 \u062A\u0634\u0631\u064A\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0646\u064A 1839\u0645)\u060C \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062F\u0623\u062A \u062D\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645\u0627\u062A\u00BB. \u062A\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u0644\u064A:"@ar . . . . . "Hatt-i Sharif (pismo monarsze z G\u00FClhane). Edykt wydany w Turcji 3 listopada 1839 przez su\u0142tana Abd\u00FClmecida I zapocz\u0105tkowuj\u0105cy okres tanzimatu w Turcji. Inicjatorem zmian i reform w Turcji by\u0142 Wielki wezyr Raszid Pasza. Edykt obiecywa\u0142 zniesienie systemu dzier\u017Cawy podatk\u00F3w, wprowadzenie proporcjonalnych i sprawiedliwych podatk\u00F3w, zreorganizowanie wojska i r\u00F3wnouprawnienie religijne. Gwarantowa\u0142 wszystkim poddanym bezpiecze\u0144stwo osobiste i maj\u0105tkowe, sprawiedliwe s\u0105dzenie."@pl . . . "\u82B1\u5385\u5FA1\u8BCF\u6216\u5FA1\u56ED\u6555\u4EE4\uFF08\u571F\u8033\u5176\u8A9E\uFF1AG\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif\uFF09\u662F\u7531\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u82CF\u4E39\u3001\u54C8\u91CC\u53D1\u963F\u535C\u675C\u52D2-\u8FC8\u5409\u5FB7\u4E00\u4E16\u4E8E\u516C\u51431839\u5E7411\u67083\u65E5\u7F72\u540D\uFF0C\u5728\u5927\u7EF4\u9F50\u5C14\u7A46\u65AF\u5854\u6CD5\u00B7\u96F7\u5E0C\u5FB7\u5E15\u590F\u63A8\u52A8\u4E0B\u65BC\u5C45\u723E\u54C8\u5C3C\u516C\u5712\u9881\u5E03\u7684\u4E00\u4EFD\uFF08\u56E0\u6B64\u5F97\u540D\u300C\u82B1\u5EF3\u300D\uFF09\u3002 \u8BCF\u547D\u7531\u96F7\u5E0C\u5FB7\u5728\u5E1D\u56FD\u82CF\u4E39\u3001\u5404\u7701\u90E8\u5927\u81E3\u3001\u6587\u6B66\u767E\u5B98\u3001\u5E0C\u814A\u3001\u4E9A\u7F8E\u5C3C\u4E9A\u53CA\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u5B97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5E76\u5404\u56FD\u4F7F\u8282\u7684\u8385\u4E34\u4E0B\u5BA3\u8BFB\u3002\u968F\u540E\uFF0C\u8BCF\u547D\u88AB\u520A\u884C\u4E8E\u62A5\u520A\u4E4B\u4E0A\u5E76\u4EE5\u6CD5\u8BED\u7FFB\u8BD1\u7684\u5F62\u5F0F\u9012\u9001\u81F3\u6B27\u6D32\u8BF8\u56FD\u53CA\u5176\u4F7F\u9986\u3002\u6B64\u8BCF\u547D\u9881\u884C\u662D\u793A\u7740\u5766\u5FD7\u9EA6\u7279\u65F6\u4EE3\u7684\u5F00\u7AEF\u3002\u8FD9\u4EFD\u8BCF\u547D\u662F\u5965\u65AF\u66FC\u5E1D\u56FD\u665A\u671F\u73B0\u4EE3\u5316\u5C1D\u8BD5\u7684\u6807\u5FD7\u6027\u4EA7\u7269\u3002\u5176\u76EE\u7684\u662F\u5EFA\u7ACB\u73B0\u4EE3\u5316\u7684\u3001\u6B27\u5F0F\u7684\u653F\u5E9C\u5E76\u5C06\u4E1C\u6B63\u6559\u5F92\u3001\u963F\u62C9\u4F2F\u4EBA\u3001\u4E9A\u7F8E\u5C3C\u4E9A\u4EBA\u7B49\u5404\u65CF\u88D4\u6574\u5408\u5165\u4E00\u4E2A\u66F4\u4E3A\u7EDF\u4E00\u7684\u8EAB\u4EFD\u8BA4\u540C\u4E4B\u4E2D\u3002\u5FA1\u8BCF\u4E2D\u5305\u542B\u4E86\u5BF9\u5E1D\u56FD\u519B\u4E8B\u4F53\u5236\u3001\u884C\u653F\u4F53\u5236\u3001\u6CD5\u5F8B\u53CA\u6559\u80B2\u7CFB\u7EDF\u7684\u6539\u9769\u7406\u5FF5\u3002\u5FA1\u8BCF\u5411\u5E1D\u56FD\u5404\u81E3\u6C11\u4FDD\u8BC1\u4E86\u751F\u547D\u7684\u5B89\u5168\u3001\u5C0A\u4E25\u53CA\u8D22\u4EA7\u4E0D\u53D7\u4FB5\u72AF\u3001\u8FD0\u884C\u6709\u5E38\u7684\u7A0E\u6536\u7CFB\u7EDF\u3001\u5E73\u7B49\u7684\u5F81\u5175\u5236\u5EA6\u53CA\u786E\u5B9A\u7684\u5175\u5F79\u671F\u9650\u3002"@zh . . . . . . "El Edicto de G\u00FClhane o Noble Edicto de la Estancia Rosa (G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerifi), fue un decreto imperial otomano promulgado el 3 de noviembre de 1839 por el sult\u00E1n Abd\u00FClmecid I, en el parque de G\u00FClhane situado junto a las murallas del Palacio de Topkap\u0131, y mediante el cual se dio inicio a la \u00E9poca conocida como Tanzimat, o de las reformas, dentro del Imperio otomano y abarcaron los a\u00F1os centrales del siglo XIX."@es . . . "\u0394\u03B9\u03AC\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03A1\u03BF\u03B4\u03CE\u03BD\u03B1"@el . "Hatt-i Sharif (pismo monarsze z G\u00FClhane). Edykt wydany w Turcji 3 listopada 1839 przez su\u0142tana Abd\u00FClmecida I zapocz\u0105tkowuj\u0105cy okres tanzimatu w Turcji. Inicjatorem zmian i reform w Turcji by\u0142 Wielki wezyr Raszid Pasza. Edykt obiecywa\u0142 zniesienie systemu dzier\u017Cawy podatk\u00F3w, wprowadzenie proporcjonalnych i sprawiedliwych podatk\u00F3w, zreorganizowanie wojska i r\u00F3wnouprawnienie religijne. Gwarantowa\u0142 wszystkim poddanym bezpiecze\u0144stwo osobiste i maj\u0105tkowe, sprawiedliwe s\u0105dzenie."@pl . . . "Hatt-i Sharif"@pl . . . . . "Il G\u00FClhane Hatt-\u0131 \u015Eerif (\"Editto supremo del giardino delle rose\"; francese: Hatti-Ch\u00E9rif de Gulhan\u00E9) o Tanzim\u00E2t Ferm\u00E2n\u0131 (\"Editto imperiale di riorganizzazione\") fu una proclamazione del sultano ottomano Abd\u00FClmecid I nel 1839 che lanci\u00F2 il periodo di riforme e riorganizzazione nell'impero ottomano. Il 125 \u00B0 anniversario dell'editto era raffigurato su un vecchio francobollo postale turco."@it . . . . . . "\uD558\uD2F0 \uC0E4\uB9AC\uD504 \uCE59\uB839(Hatt-i Sharif of G\u00FClhane, Noble Edict of the Rose Chamber)\uC740 1839\uB144 \uC624\uC2A4\uB9CC \uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC220\uD0C4 \uC555\uB458\uB9C8\uC9C0\uB4DC 1\uC138\uAC00 \uACF5\uD45C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uD0C4\uC9C0\uB9C8\uD2B8 \uAC1C\uD601\uC5D0 \uB530\uB978 \uC870\uCE58\uC600\uB2E4. \uCE59\uB839\uC740 \uAC1C\uD601\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uC600\uB358 \uCF54\uCE74 \uBB34\uC2A4\uD0C0\uD30C \uB808\uC2DC\uB4DC \uD30C\uC0E4\uAC00 \uACF5\uD45C\uD55C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C \uC9C0\uC988\uC57C\uB97C \uBE44\uB86F\uD55C \uC138\uAE08 \uD3D0\uC9C0\uC640 \uC9D5\uBCD1\uC81C \uAC1C\uC815\uACFC \uC885\uAD50 \uD3C9\uB4F1\uC758 \uB0B4\uC6A9\uC744 \uB2F4\uC558\uB2E4. \uCE59\uB839\uC758 \uBAA9\uC801\uC740 \uC804\uCCB4 \uC81C\uAD6D\uC744 \uADFC\uB300\uD654\uD558\uACE0 \uAD70\uC0AC \uC0AC\uD68C\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uC720\uB7FD \uAC15\uB300\uAD6D\uACFC \uACBD\uC7C1\uD558\uAE30 \uC704\uD568\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uC81C\uAD6D \uC804\uCCB4 \uC911\uC5D0\uC11C\uB3C4 \uD2B9\uD788 \uC624\uC2A4\uB9CC\uC81C\uAD6D\uC758 \uC720\uB7FD \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uACF5\uD45C\uB418\uAE38 \uBC14\uB77C\uB294 \uC0AC\uB78C\uB4E4\uC774 \uB9CE\uC558\uC73C\uBA70 \uC774\uB294 \uAE30\uB3C5\uAD50\uC778\uB4E4\uC774 \uC0C1\uB2F9\uD788 \uB9CE\uC558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC774\uB2E4."@ko .