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"Dayuan (o Tayuan ) es el ex\u00F3nimo chino de un reino que existi\u00F3 en el valle de Fergan\u00E1, en Asia Central, descrito en las obras hist\u00F3ricas de los archivos Shiji del gran historiador y el Libro de Han. Se menciona en los relatos del famoso explorador chino del a\u00F1o 130 a. C. y de las numerosas embajadas que le siguieron en Asia Central. Generalmente se acepta que el reino de Dayuan se refiere al Valle de Fergan\u00E1, controlado por la polis griega Alejandr\u00EDa Escate (la moderna Khujand, Tayikist\u00E1n). Estas narraciones chinas describen a los dayuan como habitantes urbanizados con rasgos cauc\u00E1sicos, que viv\u00EDan en ciudades fortificadas y ten\u00EDan \u00ABcostumbres id\u00E9nticas a las de Daxia\u00BB o del reino grecobactriano, un reino del periodo helen\u00EDstico que gobernaba en ese momento sobre Bactria en el norte de Afganist\u00E1n. Los dayuan tambi\u00E9n se describen como artesanos y grandes amantes del vino.\u200B Los dayuanes eran los descendientes de los griegos reasentados a la fuerza en la regi\u00F3n por el Imperio aquem\u00E9nida, as\u00ED como de los posteriores colonos griegos que fueron asentados por Alejandro Magno en Fergan\u00E1 en el a\u00F1o 329 a. C. (v\u00E9ase Alejandr\u00EDa Escate ), y que prosperaron en el reino helen\u00EDstico de los sel\u00E9ucidas y en el reino grecobactriano, hasta que quedaron aislados de los dem\u00E1s reinos helen\u00EDsticos por las migraciones de los yuezhi hacia el a\u00F1o 160 a. C. y de los escitas en el 140 a. C. Parece que el nombre \u00ABYuan\u00BB era simplemente una transcripci\u00F3n del s\u00E1nscrito Yavana o del pali Yona, utilizado durante toda la antig\u00FCedad en Asia para designar a los griegos. (\u201Cjonios\u201D), por lo que Dayuan significar\u00EDa \u201Cgrandes jonios\u201D o \u201Cgrandes griegos\u201D.\u200B En el a\u00F1o 100 a. C., el reino fue derrotado por la dinast\u00EDa Han en la Guerra Han-Dayuan. La interacci\u00F3n entre Dayuan y los chinos es hist\u00F3ricamente crucial, ya que representa uno de los primeros contactos importantes entre una civilizaci\u00F3n occidental urbanizada y la china, preparando el camino para la formaci\u00F3n de la Ruta de la Seda que unir\u00EDa Oriente y Occidente en intercambios materiales y culturales desde el siglo I a. C. hasta el siglo XV.[cita requerida] Esta regi\u00F3n fue gobernada por Persia desde Jerjes I, y comenz\u00F3 a ser poblada por griegos en esa \u00E9poca. Cuando los griegos de otras partes del Imperio aquem\u00E9nida se rebelaban o simplemente eran un estorbo para el gobierno aquem\u00E9nida, eran exiliados al extremo noreste del Imperio aquem\u00E9nida, el segmento m\u00E1s alejado de su patria. Por ello, en la \u00E9poca de la ca\u00EDda de Persia pora las cmpa\u00F1as militares de Alejandro Magno, los pueblos, la lengua y la cultura griegos eran comunes en esta regi\u00F3n. La regi\u00F3n de Fergan\u00E1 fue conquistada por Alejandro Magno en el 329 a. C. y se convirti\u00F3 en su base m\u00E1s avanzada en Asia Central. Fund\u00F3 la ciudad fortificada de Alejandr\u00EDa Escate (Lit. \"\u00ABAlejandr\u00EDa m\u00E1s lejana\u00BB\") en la parte suroeste del valle del Fergan\u00E1, en la orilla sur del r\u00EDo Sir Daria. (antiguao Yaxartes), en el emplazamiento de la moderna ciudad de Khodjent. (tambi\u00E9n conocido como Khozdent, antes Leninabad), en el estado de Tayikist\u00E1n. Alejandro construy\u00F3 una muralla de ladrillos de 6 kil\u00F3metros de largo alrededor de la ciudad y, como en el caso de las otras ciudades que fund\u00F3, hizo instalar una guarnici\u00F3n macedonia de sus veteranos retirados y heridos. Toda la Bactria, la Transoxiana y la regi\u00F3n de Fergan\u00E1 permanecieron bajo el control del Imperio sel\u00E9ucida helen\u00EDstico hasta el a\u00F1o 250 a. C. La regi\u00F3n se independiz\u00F3 entonces bajo el liderazgo de sus gobernantes griegos Diodoto I para convertirse en el reino grecobactriano."@es . . . . "Dayuan"@fr . . . "Dayuan"@it . . . . . . . . . . "Dayuan (ou Tayuan; en Chinois : \u5927\u5B9B) est l'exonyme chinois d'un royaume qui a exist\u00E9 dans la vall\u00E9e de Ferghana en Asie centrale, d\u00E9crit dans les ouvrages historiques chinois des archives du grand historien et du livre de Han . Il est mentionn\u00E9 dans les r\u00E9cits du c\u00E9l\u00E8bre explorateur chinois Zhang Qian en 130 avant notre \u00E8re et des nombreuses ambassades qui l'ont suivi en Asie centrale. Le royaume de Dayuan est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement accept\u00E9 comme se rapportant \u00E0 la vall\u00E9e de Ferghana, contr\u00F4l\u00E9e par la polis grecque Alexandrie Eschate ( Khujand moderne, Tadjikistan )."@fr . "Dayuan (or Tayuan; Chinese: \u5927\u5B9B; pinyin: D\u00E0yu\u0101n; lit. 'Great Ionians'; Middle Chinese d\u00E2iC-jw\u0250n < LHC: d\u0251h-\u0294y\u0251n) is the Chinese exonym for a country that existed in Ferghana valley in Central Asia, described in the Chinese historical works of Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han. It is mentioned in the accounts of the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian in 130 BCE and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as relating to the Ferghana Valley, controlled by the Hellenistic polis Alexandria Eschate (modern Khujand, Tajikistan), which can probably be understood as \"Greco-Fergana city-state\" in English language. These Chinese accounts describe the \"Dayuan\" as urbanized dwellers with Caucasian features, living in walled cities and having \"customs identical to those of the Daxia\" or Greco-Bactrians, a Hellenistic kingdom that was ruling Bactria at that time in today's northern Afghanistan. The Dayuan are also described as manufacturers and great lovers of wine. The Dayuan were the descendants of Greeks forcibly resettled in the area by the Persian Empire, as well as the subsequent Greek colonists that were settled by Alexander the Great in Ferghana in 329 BCE (see Alexandria Eschate), and had prospered within the Hellenistic realm of the Seleucids and Greco-Bactrians, until they were isolated by the migrations of the Yuezhi around 160 BCE and the Scythians in 140. It appears that the name \"Yuan\" was simply a transliteration of Sanskrit Yavana or Pali Yona, used throughout antiquity in Asia to designate Greeks (\"Ionians\"), so that Dayuan would mean \"Great Ionians\" or \"Great Greeks\". By 100 BC, the Dayuan were defeated by the Han dynasty in the Han-Dayuan war. The interaction between the Dayuan and the Chinese is historically crucial, since it represents one of the first major contacts between an urbanized Western civilization and the Chinese civilization, opening the way to the formation of the Silk Road that was to link the East and the West in material and cultural exchange from the 1st century BCE to the 15th century."@en . . . . "passing mention in a book on a different subject \u2013 see Talk"@en . . "I Dayuan o Ta-Yuan (cinese:\u5927\u5B9B, D\u00E0yu\u0101n, Ta-Yuan, letteralmente \"Grandi Yuan\") erano un popolo di Fergana in Asia centrale, descritto nello Shiji e nel Libro degli Han. Vengono citati anche nel racconto del famoso esploratore cinese Zhang Qian nel 130 a.C. e dai numerosi ambasciatori che lo seguirono. Lo stato di Dayuan viene generalmente associato alla valle di Fergana."@it . . . "\u5927\u5B9B"@zh . . . . . . "1076585"^^ . . . 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"\u039D\u03C4\u03B1\u03B3\u03B9\u03BF\u03C5\u03AC\u03BD"@el . . . . . . "\u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u0301\u043D\u044C (\u043A\u0438\u0442.: \u5927\u5B9B; \u043F\u0456\u043D\u044C\u0457\u043D\u044C: D\u00E0yu\u0101n; \u043B\u0456\u0442.: '\u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u042E\u0430\u043D\u044C') \u2014 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044C\u043E\u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E-\u0430\u0437\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0443 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0456. \u0420\u043E\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432'\u044F\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043A\u0438 \u0421\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0430\u0440'\u044F, \u043D\u0430 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0428\u043E\u0432\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0448\u043B\u044F\u0445\u0443. \u0406\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 4 \u2014 1 \u0441\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0442\u044F\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u0420.\u0425. \u0439 \u043D\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u043E \u0435\u043B\u043B\u0456\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432. \u041D\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044C \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043F\u0443\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u043D\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443 \u0456\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456\u0432. \u0412\u0442\u0456\u043C \u0432 \u0443\u0439\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D (\u00AB\u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u0430\u00BB). \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0438 \u0456\u0440\u0430\u043D\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043B\u0435\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0430 (\u0441\u0430\u043A\u0438 \u0456 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0446\u0456). \u0421\u0442\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044E \u0431\u0443\u043B\u043E \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0415\u0440\u0448\u0456 (\u0431\u0456\u043B\u044F \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0442). \u0412\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0442\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C \u0442\u0430 , \u0449\u043E \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0457 \u043D\u0435\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u0430\u043A\u0443\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438. \u0423 104 \u2014 102 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u0420.\u0425. \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u041B\u044E \u0427\u0435 \u0437 \u0434\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0457 \u0425\u0430\u043D\u044C \u043D\u0430\u043C\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043A\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u0431\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044E\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0456\u043D\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0456\u043D\u044C\u043C\u0438. \u0421\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u041A\u0430\u043D\u0433\u044E\u0439. \u041D\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E \u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0442\u0443\u0436 \u0441\u0430\u043C\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u041F\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u041F\u043E\u043B\u0443\u043E\u043D\u0430,\u0430 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043F\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u044F\u043A \u041F\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0430. \u041D\u0430\u043F\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u043D\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043E\u044E \u042E\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0443 2-\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B. II \u0441\u0442. \u041D\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0448\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0443\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044F \u0456\u0445\u0448\u0438\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0411\u043E\u0445\u0430\u043D\u044C"@uk . . . . . . . . . . "Dayuan"@in . . "\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C"@ru . . . . . "\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C (\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u5927\u5B9B, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C D\u00E0yu\u0101n; \u0434\u0440.-\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441. Suguda-; \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u0434. \u03B2r\u03B3'n, \u041F\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043D) \u2014 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0441 III \u0432. \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u044B. \u0421 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 ."@ru . . . . . . . . . "Dayuan (or Tayuan; Chinese: \u5927\u5B9B; pinyin: D\u00E0yu\u0101n; lit. 'Great Ionians'; Middle Chinese d\u00E2iC-jw\u0250n < LHC: d\u0251h-\u0294y\u0251n) is the Chinese exonym for a country that existed in Ferghana valley in Central Asia, described in the Chinese historical works of Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han. It is mentioned in the accounts of the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian in 130 BCE and the numerous embassies that followed him into Central Asia. The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as relating to the Ferghana Valley, controlled by the Hellenistic polis Alexandria Eschate (modern Khujand, Tajikistan), which can probably be understood as \"Greco-Fergana city-state\" in English language."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Die Dayuan (chinesisch \u5927\u5B9B, Pinyin D\u00E0yu\u0101n, w\u00F6rtlich: Gro\u00DFe Yuan, Wade-Giles: Ta-Y\u00FCan) waren ein altes Volk im Ferghanatal in Zentralasien. Mutma\u00DFlich handelte es sich um Nachfahren griechisch-makedonischer Siedler. Sie werden in den Shiji des chinesischen Historikers Sima Qian in der fr\u00FChen Han-Dynastie und im Han Shu, im Zusammenhang mit den Reisen des Zhang Qian um 130 v. Chr. und dessen Begegnungen mit diesem Volk, beschrieben. Im Krieg der Himmlischen Pferde kam es zu einer milit\u00E4rischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Han-Dynastie."@de . "21400"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Great Ionians"@en . "Ta-j\u00FCan"@cs . . . . . . . . "\u5927\u5B9B\uFF08yu\u0101n\uFF09\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ATayuen; \u4E0A\u53E4\u6F22\u8A9E\u64EC\u97F3\uFF1ATa-yuan /dha\u02D0ts \u0294wan/ ; \u4E2D\u53E4\u6F22\u8A9E\u64EC\u97F3\uFF08Edwin G. 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"Die Dayuan (chinesisch \u5927\u5B9B, Pinyin D\u00E0yu\u0101n, w\u00F6rtlich: Gro\u00DFe Yuan, Wade-Giles: Ta-Y\u00FCan) waren ein altes Volk im Ferghanatal in Zentralasien. Mutma\u00DFlich handelte es sich um Nachfahren griechisch-makedonischer Siedler. Sie werden in den Shiji des chinesischen Historikers Sima Qian in der fr\u00FChen Han-Dynastie und im Han Shu, im Zusammenhang mit den Reisen des Zhang Qian um 130 v. Chr. und dessen Begegnungen mit diesem Volk, beschrieben. Im Krieg der Himmlischen Pferde kam es zu einer milit\u00E4rischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Han-Dynastie."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5927\u5B9B\uFF08\u5449\u97F3\uFF1A\u3060\u3044\u304A\u3093\u3001\u6F22\u97F3\uFF1A\u305F\u3044\u3048\u3093\u3001\u62FC\u97F3: D\u00E0yu\u0101n\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D2\u4E16\u7D00\u9803\u3088\u308A\u4E2D\u592E\u30A2\u30B8\u30A2\u306E\u30D5\u30A7\u30EB\u30AC\u30CA\u5730\u65B9\u306B\u5B58\u5728\u3057\u305F\u30A2\u30FC\u30EA\u30A2\u7CFB\u6C11\u65CF\u306E\u56FD\u5BB6\u3002\u5927\u5B9B\uFF08\u3060\u3044\u3048\u3093\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u56FA\u6709\u540D\u8A5E\u3092\u6F22\u5B57\u306B\u8EE2\u5199\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u5E83\u5927\u306A\u30AA\u30A2\u30B7\u30B9\u3068\u3044\u3046\u610F\u5473\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002\u3057\u3070\u3089\u304F\u4E2D\u56FD\u53F2\u66F8\u3067\u306F\u5927\u5B9B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540D\u3092\u4F7F\u7528\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3001\u300E\u9B4F\u66F8\u300F\u4EE5\u964D\u306F\u30D5\u30A7\u30EB\u30AC\u30CA\u306E\u8EE2\u5199\u3068\u601D\u308F\u308C\u308B\u6D1B\u90A3\u56FD\u30FB\u7834\u6D1B\u90A3\u56FD\u30FB\u93FA\u6C57\u56FD\u30FB\u629C\u6C57\u90A3\u56FD\u30FB\u3904\u634D\u56FD\u306A\u3069\u304C\u4F7F\u7528\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Dayuan"@es . . . "Dayuan"@de . 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"\u5927\u5B9B\uFF08yu\u0101n\uFF09\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1ATayuen; \u4E0A\u53E4\u6F22\u8A9E\u64EC\u97F3\uFF1ATa-yuan /dha\u02D0ts \u0294wan/ ; \u4E2D\u53E4\u6F22\u8A9E\u64EC\u97F3\uFF08Edwin G. Pulleyblank\uFF09: /daj \u0294uan/ )\uFF0C\u662F\u897F\u6C49\u65F6\uFF0C\u6CDB\u6307\u5728\u4E2D\u4E9A\u8CBB\u723E\u5E72\u7D0D\u5340\u57DF\u5C45\u4F4F\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u548C\u5C45\u6C11\uFF0C\u5927\u5B9B\u570B\u5927\u6982\u5728\u4ECA\u65E5\u8CBB\u723E\u5E72\u7D0D\u76C6\u5730\u3002 \u524D130\u5E74\u5DE6\u53F3\uFF0C\u6F22\u671D\u5927\u4F7F\u5F35\u9A2B\u51FA\u4F7F\u897F\u57DF\u6642\u66FE\u4F86\u904E\u6B64\u5730\uFF0C\u4E26\u65BC\u4E2D\u570B\u300A\u53F2\u8A18\u300B\u3001\u300A\u6F22\u66F8\u300B\u90FD\u6709\u8A18\u8F09\u3002\u4E2D\u570B\u53F2\u66F8\u4E2D\u8A18\u8F09\uFF0C\u5927\u5B9B\u64C1\u6709\u76F8\u7576\u898F\u6A21\u7684\u57CE\u5E02\u6587\u660E\uFF0C\u7576\u5730\u5C45\u6C11\u4E94\u5B98\u591A\u6709\u9AD8\u52A0\u7D22\u4EBA\u7A2E\u7684\u7279\u5FB5\uFF0C\u4E26\u5C45\u4F4F\u5728\u57CE\u7246\u74B0\u7E5E\u7684\u90FD\u5E02\u4E2D\uFF0C\u98A8\u4FD7\u8207\u5357\u65B9\u5927\u590F\u76F8\u540C\u3002 \u6709\u5B78\u8005\u8A8D\u70BA\u5927\u5B9B\u540D\u7A31\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u5927\u5E1D\u4F86\u5230\u8CBB\u723E\u5E72\u7EB3\u908A\u5883\u5F8C\uFF0C\u56E0\u6B96\u6C11\u65BC\u6B64\u5730\u7684\u5E0C\u81D8\u4EBA\u5F8C\u88D4\u95DC\u4FC2\u6240\u53D6\u7684\uFF0C\u540D\u7A31\u4E0A\u201C\u5B9B\u201D\uFF08yu\u0101n\uFF09\u5F88\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u5F9E\u5DF4\u5229\u8A9E\u7684\u8036\u69C3\u90A3\uFF08Yavana\uFF09\u8F49\u8B6F\u800C\u4F86\u3002\u8036\u69C3\u90A3\u5728\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4E2D\u4E9E\u6CDB\u6307\u5E0C\u81D8\u4EBA\uFF0C\u5F9E\u4F0A\u5967\u5C3C\u4E9E\u4EBA\u8F49\u8B6F\u800C\u4F86\uFF0C\u6545\u6B64\uFF0C\u201C\u5927\u5B9B\u201D\u5728\u5B57\u7FA9\u4E0A\u5F88\u53EF\u80FD\u662F\u201C\u5927\u4F0A\u5967\u5C3C\u4E9E\u201D\u3002\u5927\u5B9B\u5728\u5E0C\u81D8\u5316\u7684\u585E\u7409\u53E4\u5E1D\u570B\u548C\u5E0C\u81D8-\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u738B\u570B\u7D71\u6CBB\u4E0B\u9010\u6F38\u8208\u76DB\u7E41\u69AE\uFF0C\u96A8\u8457\u5E0C\u81D8\u4EBA\u52E2\u529B\u6E1B\u5F31\u800C\u5931\u53BB\u63A7\u5236\uFF0C\u7D42\u53D7\u585E\u4EBA\u7D71\u6CBB\u3002 \u5728\u6B77\u53F2\u4E0A\uFF0C\u5927\u5B9B\u8207\u4E2D\u570B\u4E4B\u9593\u7684\u4EA4\u6D41\u4EE3\u8868\u897F\u65B9\u5370\u6B50\u6C11\u65CF\u6587\u660E\u9996\u6B21\u5927\u898F\u6A21\u8207\u4E2D\u570B\u6587\u660E\u63A5\u89F8\u3002\u6B64\u5F8C\uFF0C\u5F9E\u524D2\u4E16\u7D00\u672B\u76F4\u523013\u4E16\u7D00\u521D\u5E74\uFF0C\u6771\u65B9\u8207\u897F\u65B9\u4E16\u754C\u9760\u7740\u7D72\u7DA2\u4E4B\u8DEF\u6301\u7E8C\u4EA4\u6D41\u63A5\u89F8\u3002"@zh . . "Dayuan"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "D\u00E0yu\u0101n"@en . . "\u5927\u5B9B"@ja . . . "June 2021"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Dayuan (Ta-yuan; pengucapan yang direkonstruksi: /da\u02D0ds qon/; pengucapan Tionghoa Pertengahan yang direkonstruksi menurut Edwin G. Pulleyblank: /daj \u0294uan/; Hanzi: \u5927\u5B9B; Pinyin: D\u00E0yu\u0101n; Wade\u2013Giles: Ta4-yuan1; harfiah: 'Ionia Besar') adalah sebuah negara di lembah Ferghana, Asia Tengah, yang disebutkan dalam karya-karya sejarah Tionghoa Catatan Sejarawan Besar dan Buku Han. Kata tersebut disebutkan dalam catatan-catatan dari penjelajah Tiongkok terkenal Zhang Qian pada 130 SM dan sejumlah kedutaan besar yang mengikutinya ke Asia Tengah. Negara Dayuan umumnya dikaitkan dengan Lembah Ferghana, dan kota Yunani-nya (sekarang Khujand, Tajikistan)."@in . . . . . . "Ta-j\u00FCan (\u010D\u00EDnsky pchin-jinem D\u00E0yu\u0101n, znaky \u5927\u5B9B, doslova Velk\u00E1 J\u00FCan) byl starov\u011Bk\u00FD st\u0159edoasijsk\u00FD st\u00E1t v Sogdian\u011B, tedy ve Fergansk\u00E9 kotlin\u011B, p\u0159ipom\u00EDnan\u00FD v \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDch pramenech od 3. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. do 4. stolet\u00ED. Ta-j\u00FCan bylo z\u0159ejm\u011B hel\u00E9nistick\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED zalo\u017Een\u00E9 \u0158eky."@cs . . . . . "I Dayuan o Ta-Yuan (cinese:\u5927\u5B9B, D\u00E0yu\u0101n, Ta-Yuan, letteralmente \"Grandi Yuan\") erano un popolo di Fergana in Asia centrale, descritto nello Shiji e nel Libro degli Han. Vengono citati anche nel racconto del famoso esploratore cinese Zhang Qian nel 130 a.C. e dai numerosi ambasciatori che lo seguirono. Lo stato di Dayuan viene generalmente associato alla valle di Fergana. Questi racconti cinesi descrivono i Dayuan come un popolo stanziale, con caratteristiche caucasiche, che abitava in citt\u00E0 cinte da mura ed aveva \"usanze identiche a quelle dei greco-battriani\", un regno ellenistico che governava la Battria, attuale Afghanistan settentrionale. I Dayuan sono anche descritti come lavoratori e grandi amanti del vino. I Dayuan erano probabilmente discendenti dei coloni greci insediati da Alessandro Magno a Fergana nel 329 a.C., e prosperarono durante il regno ellenistico dei seleucidi e dei greco-battriani, finch\u00E9 non vennero isolati dalle migrazioni degli Yuezhi attorno al 160 a.C. In alternativa, \u00E8 stato ipotizzato che il nome \"Yuan\" fosse semplicemente una traslitterazione delle parole \"Yona\" o \"Yavana\", usate in antichit\u00E0 in Asia per fare riferimento ai Greci (\"Ioni\"), in modo che Dayuan (\"Grandi Yuan\") significherebbe \"Grandi Ioni\". L'interazione tra Dayuan e cinesi \u00E8 cruciale dal punto di vista storico, dato che rappresenta uno dei principali contatti tra una cultura urbanizzata indoeuropea e la civilt\u00E0 cinese, aprendo cos\u00EC la porta alla formazione della via della seta che un Oriente ed Occidente con scambi materiali e culturali dal I secolo a.C. al XV secolo d.C."@it . . "\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C (\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u043E \u0414\u0430\u044E\u0430\u043D\u044C, \u043A\u0438\u0442. \u0443\u043F\u0440. \u5927\u5B9B, \u043F\u0438\u043D\u044C\u0438\u043D\u044C D\u00E0yu\u0101n; \u0434\u0440.-\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441. Suguda-; \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u0434. \u03B2r\u03B3'n, \u041F\u0430\u0440\u043A\u0430\u043D) \u2014 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043E\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0441 III \u0432. \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D., \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0438 \u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0443\u044E \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0424\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0434\u043E\u043B\u0438\u043D\u044B. \u0421 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0441\u043E\u0432\u043F\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 ."@ru . . . . "Dayuan (o Tayuan ) es el ex\u00F3nimo chino de un reino que existi\u00F3 en el valle de Fergan\u00E1, en Asia Central, descrito en las obras hist\u00F3ricas de los archivos Shiji del gran historiador y el Libro de Han. Se menciona en los relatos del famoso explorador chino del a\u00F1o 130 a. C. y de las numerosas embajadas que le siguieron en Asia Central. Generalmente se acepta que el reino de Dayuan se refiere al Valle de Fergan\u00E1, controlado por la polis griega Alejandr\u00EDa Escate (la moderna Khujand, Tayikist\u00E1n)."@es . . . "Dayuan (ou Tayuan; en Chinois : \u5927\u5B9B) est l'exonyme chinois d'un royaume qui a exist\u00E9 dans la vall\u00E9e de Ferghana en Asie centrale, d\u00E9crit dans les ouvrages historiques chinois des archives du grand historien et du livre de Han . Il est mentionn\u00E9 dans les r\u00E9cits du c\u00E9l\u00E8bre explorateur chinois Zhang Qian en 130 avant notre \u00E8re et des nombreuses ambassades qui l'ont suivi en Asie centrale. Le royaume de Dayuan est g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement accept\u00E9 comme se rapportant \u00E0 la vall\u00E9e de Ferghana, contr\u00F4l\u00E9e par la polis grecque Alexandrie Eschate ( Khujand moderne, Tadjikistan ). Ces r\u00E9cits chinois d\u00E9crivent les \"Dayuan\" comme des habitants urbanis\u00E9s aux traits caucasiens, vivant dans des villes fortifi\u00E9es et ayant des \"coutumes identiques \u00E0 celles de la Daxia \" ou des Gr\u00E9co-Bactriens, un royaume hell\u00E9nistique qui r\u00E9gnait \u00E0 l'\u00E9poque sur la Bactriane dans le nord de l'Afghanistan. Les Dayuan sont \u00E9galement d\u00E9crits comme des artisans et de grands amateurs de vin. Les Dayuan \u00E9taient les descendants des Grecs r\u00E9install\u00E9s de force dans la r\u00E9gion par l'Empire perse, ainsi que les colons grecs ult\u00E9rieurs qui ont \u00E9t\u00E9 install\u00E9s par Alexandre le Grand dans le Ferghana en 329 avant notre \u00E8re (voir Alexandrie Eschate ), et qui prosp\u00E9r\u00E8rent entre le royaume hell\u00E9nistique les S\u00E9leucides et les Gr\u00E9co-Bactriens, jusqu'\u00E0 ce qu'ils soient isol\u00E9s des autres royaumes hell\u00E9nistiques par les migrations des Yuezhi vers 160 avant notre \u00E8re et des Scythes en 140. Il semble que le nom \"Yuan\" \u00E9tait simplement une transcription du sanscrit Yavana ou Pali Yona, utilis\u00E9 dans toute l'Antiquit\u00E9 en Asie pour d\u00E9signer les Grecs (\" Ioniens \"), de sorte que Dayuan signifierait \"Grands Ioniens\" ou \"Grands Grecs\". En 100 avant notre \u00E8re, le royaume a \u00E9t\u00E9 vaincu par la dynastie Han dans la guerre Han-Dayuan . L'interaction entre le Dayuan et les Chinois est historiquement cruciale, car elle repr\u00E9sente l'un des premiers contacts majeurs entre une civilisation occidentale urbanis\u00E9e et la civilisation chinoise, ouvrant la voie \u00E0 la formation de la Route de la Soie qui devait relier l'Est et l'Ouest dans les \u00E9changes mat\u00E9riels et culturels du Ier si\u00E8cle av. J.-C. au XVe si\u00E8cle. [r\u00E9f. n\u00E9cessaire] Cette r\u00E9gion a \u00E9t\u00E9 gouvern\u00E9e par la Perse \u00E0 partir de Xerx\u00E8s I, et a commenc\u00E9 \u00E0 \u00EAtre peupl\u00E9e par des Grecs \u00E0 cette \u00E9poque. Lorsque les Grecs dans d'autres parties de l'empire perse se rebell\u00E8rent ou qu'ils \u00E9taient simplement g\u00EAnants pour le pouvoir Ach\u00E9m\u00E9nide, ils \u00E9taient exil\u00E9s \u00E0 l'extr\u00EAme nord-est de l'empire perse, le segment le plus \u00E9loign\u00E9 de leur patrie. Au moment de la chute de la Perse par Alexandre le Grand, les villages, la langue et la culture grecs \u00E9taient donc courants dans cette r\u00E9gion. La r\u00E9gion du Ferghana fut conquise par Alexandre le Grand en 329 avant notre \u00E8re et est devenue sa base la plus avanc\u00E9e en Asie centrale. Il a fond\u00E9 la ville fortifi\u00E9e d' Alexandrie Eschate (Lit. \"Alexandrie la plus \u00E9loign\u00E9e\") dans la partie sud-ouest de la vall\u00E9e de Ferghana, sur la rive sud de la rivi\u00E8re Syr Darya (ancienne Jaxartes), \u00E0 l'emplacement de la ville moderne de Khujand (\u00E9galement appel\u00E9e Khozdent, anciennement Leninabad), dans l'\u00E9tat du Tadjikistan. Alexandre a construit un mur de briques de 6 kilom\u00E8tres de long autour de la ville et, comme dans le cas des autres villes qu'il a fond\u00E9es, a fait installer une garnison de ses anciens combattants \u00E0 la retraite et des bless\u00E9s. L'ensemble de la Bactriane, de la Transoxiane et de la r\u00E9gion de Ferghana est rest\u00E9 sous le contr\u00F4le de l'Empire hell\u00E9nistique s\u00E9leucide jusqu'en 250 avant notre \u00E8re. La r\u00E9gion a ensuite acquis son ind\u00E9pendance sous la direction de ses gouverneurs grecs Diodote de Bactriane, pour devenir le royaume gr\u00E9co-bactrien."@fr . . . . . "Dayuan (Ta-yuan; pengucapan yang direkonstruksi: /da\u02D0ds qon/; pengucapan Tionghoa Pertengahan yang direkonstruksi menurut Edwin G. Pulleyblank: /daj \u0294uan/; Hanzi: \u5927\u5B9B; Pinyin: D\u00E0yu\u0101n; Wade\u2013Giles: Ta4-yuan1; harfiah: 'Ionia Besar') adalah sebuah negara di lembah Ferghana, Asia Tengah, yang disebutkan dalam karya-karya sejarah Tionghoa Catatan Sejarawan Besar dan Buku Han. Kata tersebut disebutkan dalam catatan-catatan dari penjelajah Tiongkok terkenal Zhang Qian pada 130 SM dan sejumlah kedutaan besar yang mengikutinya ke Asia Tengah. Negara Dayuan umumnya dikaitkan dengan Lembah Ferghana, dan kota Yunani-nya (sekarang Khujand, Tajikistan)."@in . "Ta-j\u00FCan (\u010D\u00EDnsky pchin-jinem D\u00E0yu\u0101n, znaky \u5927\u5B9B, doslova Velk\u00E1 J\u00FCan) byl starov\u011Bk\u00FD st\u0159edoasijsk\u00FD st\u00E1t v Sogdian\u011B, tedy ve Fergansk\u00E9 kotlin\u011B, p\u0159ipom\u00EDnan\u00FD v \u010D\u00EDnsk\u00FDch pramenech od 3. stolet\u00ED p\u0159. n. l. do 4. stolet\u00ED. Ta-j\u00FCan bylo z\u0159ejm\u011B hel\u00E9nistick\u00E9 kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED zalo\u017Een\u00E9 \u0158eky."@cs . . . . . "1119206621"^^ . . . . . . . .