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"\u592A\u5B50\u515A"@en . . . . . . . "d\u0101n w\u00E8i"@en . . . "Corrupci\u00F3n en China"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Corruption in China"@en . . . . . . "no"@en . . . . . . . . . "19519245"^^ . . "\u064A\u0634\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0639\u0627\u0645 1949 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062A\u062E\u062F\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064A\u0648\u0639\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064B\u0627 -\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A\u0646 \u064A\u062A\u0645\u062A\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u063A\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062A \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062F- \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0627\u0633\u064A\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062C\u0644 \u062A\u062D\u0642\u064A\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062E\u0635\u064A\u0629. \u064A\u064F\u0639\u062F\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062F \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064A\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063A\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0625\u0630 \u064A\u0624\u062B\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062C\u0645\u064A\u0639 \u062C\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062F\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062D\u064A\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0639\u0644\u064A\u0645. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062F\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646\u064A\u060C \u064A\u064F\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062F \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00AB\u0627\u0644\u062A\u0631\u0627\u062C\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u0646\u0638\u064A\u0645\u064A\u00BB \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064A \u062D\u062F\u062B \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u062A\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0628\u062F\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u062F\u0646\u063A \u0634\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u064A\u0646\u063A. \u0634\u0647\u062F\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646 \u0641\u064A \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D \u0645\u0633\u062A\u0648\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0645\u062A\u0632\u0627\u064A\u062F\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062F\u060C \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063A\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062A\u064A \u0623\u062C\u0631\u062A \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062D\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0642\u062A\u0635\u0627\u062F\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0645\u062B\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064A\u0629 \u0641\u064A \u0641\u062A\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A\u062D\u0627\u062F \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064A\u062A\u064A \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064A\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649."@ar . . . . . . "\u041A\u043E\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0435 1949 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043E\u0431\u043E\u0439 \u0437\u043B\u043E\u0443\u043F\u043E\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0432 \u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044F\u0445, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043B\u043E, \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u041A\u043E\u043C\u043C\u0443\u043D\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044F (\u041A\u041F\u041A), \u043E\u0431\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435. \u041A\u043E\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0446\u0438\u044F \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0435\u043C\u043E\u0439 \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0442\u044B \u0433\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043E\u043E\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F. \u0421 \u043C\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u0430 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0446\u0438\u044E \u0441\u0432\u044F\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0441 \u00AB\u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0438\u043D\u0432\u043E\u043B\u044E\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439\u00BB, \u0432\u044B\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u043E \u043B\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u044B\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0414\u044D\u043D \u0421\u044F\u043E\u043F\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043C. \u041A\u0430\u043A \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0430\u0445, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u044B, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u044B \u043F\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435 \u044D\u043F\u043E\u0445\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0431\u043B\u044E\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u043D\u044C \u043A\u043E\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0446\u0438\u0438."@ru . "no"@en . . . . "Corruption in China post-1949 refers to the abuse of political power for private ends typically by members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who hold the majority of power in the country. Corruption is a very significant problem in China, impacting all aspects of administration, law enforcement, healthcare and education. Since the Chinese economic reforms began, corruption has been attributed to \"organizational involution\" caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping. Like other socialist economies that have undertaken economic reforms, such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia, reform-era China has experienced increasing levels of corruption."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1122264231"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "\u4E49"@en . "\u6CD5\u6CBB"@en . "La r\u00E9publique populaire de Chine souffre d'une tr\u00E8s large corruption. En 2008, la Chine \u00E9tait class\u00E9e 80e sur 176 pays selon l'indice de perception de la corruption 2012 de Transparency International. Sont d\u00E9sign\u00E9s comme actes de corruption le trafic d'influence, le d\u00E9tournement de fonds, le n\u00E9potisme ou encore la falsification statistique."@fr . "\u041A\u043E\u0440\u0440\u0443\u043F\u0446\u0438\u044F \u0432 \u041A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435"@ru . "Corruption en Chine"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . 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\u81EA2012\u5E74\u4E2D\u5171\u5341\u516B\u5927\u4EE5\u6765\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u52A0\u5927\u4E86\u53CD\u8150\u529B\u5EA6\uFF0C\u6709\u4F17\u591A\u9AD8\u7BA1\u56E0\u8D2A\u8150\u843D\u9A6C\uFF0C\u8BE6\u89C1\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u8150\u6557\u6848\u4EF6\u5217\u8868\u3002"@zh . "Corruption in China post-1949 refers to the abuse of political power for private ends typically by members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), who hold the majority of power in the country. Corruption is a very significant problem in China, impacting all aspects of administration, law enforcement, healthcare and education. Since the Chinese economic reforms began, corruption has been attributed to \"organizational involution\" caused by the market liberalization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping. Like other socialist economies that have undertaken economic reforms, such as post-Soviet Eastern Europe and Central Asia, reform-era China has experienced increasing levels of corruption. Transparency International's 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index ranks the country in 66th place out of 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked 180 is perceived to have the most corrupt public sector. Public surveys on the mainland since the late 1980s have shown that corruption is among the top concerns of the general public. According to Yan Sun, Associate Professor of Political Science at the City University of New York, it was cadre corruption, rather than a demand for democracy as such, that lay at the root of the social dissatisfaction that led to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of the CCP, adds to economic inequality, undermines the environment, and fuels social unrest. Since the Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, corruption has not slowed as a result of greater economic freedom, but instead has grown more entrenched and severe in its character and scope. Business deals often involve corruption. In popular perception, there are more dishonest CCP officials than honest ones, a reversal of the views held in the first decade of reform of the 1980s. Chinese specialist Minxin Pei argues that failure to contain widespread corruption is among the most serious threats to China's future economic and political stability. He estimates that bribery, kickbacks, theft, and waste of public funds costs at least three percent of GDP. Cadre corruption in China has been subject to significant media attention since CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping announced his controversial anti-corruption campaign following the CCP's 18th National Congress which was held in November 2012. Many high ranking government and military officials have been found guilty of corruption because of this campaign."@en . . . . . . "taizidang"@en . . "\u4E2D\u56FD\u6CBB\u8D2A\u53F2\u6307\u4E2D\u56FD\u53CD\u8D2A\u6C61\u6216\u53CD\u8150\u8D25\u7684\u5386\u53F2\u3002\u8D2A\u6C61\u884C\u4E3A\u5728\u4EFB\u4F55\u4E00\u500B\u570B\u5BB6\u90FD\u4E0D\u5141\u8BB8\uFF0C\u4F46\u5F88\u96BE\u675C\u7D55\u3002\u5B8B\u671D\u7684\u674E\u65B0\u6709\u8A00\uFF1A\u201C\u5EC9\u540F\u5341\u4E00\uFF0C\u8CAA\u540F\u5341\u4E5D\u3002\u201D\u8FD1\u4EE3\u738B\u4E9E\u5357\u5728\u7814\u7A76\u4E2D\u56FD\u5C01\u5EFA\u5B98\u50DA\u653F\u6CBB\u8FC7\u7A0B\u4E2D\u66FE\u611F\u6168\u201C\u4E2D\u570B\u4E00\u90E8\u4E8C\u5341\u56DB\u53F2\uFF0C\u5176\u5BE6\u662F\u4E00\u90E8\u8CAA\u6C61\u53F2\u201D\u3002 \u4E2D\u570B\u6CBB\u8CAA\u7684\u5386\u53F2\u53EF\u4EE5\u4E0A\u6EAF\u81F3\u865E\u821C\u6642\u671F\u768B\u9676\u5275\u7ACB\u7684\u201C\u58A8\u201D\u7F6A\uFF0C\u201C\u60E1\u800C\u63A0\u7F8E\u70BA\u660F\uFF0C\u8CAA\u4EE5\u6557\u5B98\u70BA\u58A8\uFF0C\u6BBA\u4EBA\u4E0D\u61F2\u70BA\u8CCA\uFF0C\u300A\u590F\u66F8\u300B\u66F0\uFF1A\u2018\u58A8\u3001\u8CCA\u3001\u6BBA\u3001\u768B\u9676\u4E4B\u5211\u4E5F\u2019\u3002\u201D\u4E2D\u56FD\u5386\u53F2\u4E0A\u8BB0\u8F7D\u7684\u7B2C\u4E00\u4F4D\u8D2A\u5B98\u662F\u6625\u79CB\u65F6\u671F\u7684\u7F8A\u820C\u9C8B\uFF0C\u5B98\u81F3\u664B\u56FD\u4EE3\u7406\u53F8\u9A6C\u3001\u4EE3\u7406\u53F8\u5BC7\uFF0C\u56E0\u8D2A\u8D43\u6789\u6CD5\u88AB\u6740\u3002\u660E\u521D\u7684\u5B98\u4FF8\u662F\u4EE5\u7CAE\u98DF\u8BA1\u7B97\uFF0C\u5230\u4E2D\u53F6\u6298\u4E3A\u8272\u4FF8\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u7ED9\u949E\uFF0C\u6709\u65F6\u8CA1\u52D9\u56F0\u96E3\u6642\uFF0C\u7ADF\u7ED9\u82CF\u6728\u3001\u80E1\u6912\u4E3A\u4FF8\uFF0C\u6545\u300A\u660E\u53F2\u300B\u7A31\u201C\u81EA\u53E4\u5B98\u4FF8\u4E4B\u8584\u672A\u6709\u82E5\u6B64\u201D\u3002 \u81EA2012\u5E74\u4E2D\u5171\u5341\u516B\u5927\u4EE5\u6765\uFF0C\u4E2D\u56FD\u52A0\u5927\u4E86\u53CD\u8150\u529B\u5EA6\uFF0C\u6709\u4F17\u591A\u9AD8\u7BA1\u56E0\u8D2A\u8150\u843D\u9A6C\uFF0C\u8BE6\u89C1\u4E2D\u83EF\u4EBA\u6C11\u5171\u548C\u570B\u8150\u6557\u6848\u4EF6\u5217\u8868\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "F\u01CEzh\u00EC"@en . . . . . "\u4EBA\u6CBB"@en . "\u4E2D\u56FD\u6CBB\u8D2A\u53F2"@zh . . . "La r\u00E9publique populaire de Chine souffre d'une tr\u00E8s large corruption. En 2008, la Chine \u00E9tait class\u00E9e 80e sur 176 pays selon l'indice de perception de la corruption 2012 de Transparency International. Sont d\u00E9sign\u00E9s comme actes de corruption le trafic d'influence, le d\u00E9tournement de fonds, le n\u00E9potisme ou encore la falsification statistique. La corruption des cadres dans la Chine d'apr\u00E8s 1949 r\u00E9sulte des \u00AB \u00E9volutions organisationnelles \u00BB du parti unique qui touchent les politiques publiques, les normes et institutions, et de l'incapacit\u00E9 du r\u00E9gime \u00E0 s'adapter \u00E0 un environnement changeant apr\u00E8s la mort de Mao Zedong. Comme les autres \u00E9conomies socialistes, la Chine a v\u00E9cu une transition profonde vers l'\u00E9conomie de march\u00E9 entach\u00E9e par des niveaux de corruption sans pr\u00E9c\u00E9dent, faisant du Parti communiste chinois au pouvoir \u00AB l'une des organisations les plus corrompues que le monde ait jamais connue \u00BB selon . Les enqu\u00EAtes d'opinions r\u00E9alis\u00E9es sur le continent depuis la fin des ann\u00E9es 1980 ont montr\u00E9 que la corruption est l'une des premi\u00E8res pr\u00E9occupations de la population. Selon Yan Sun, professeur agr\u00E9g\u00E9 en science politique \u00E0 l'Universit\u00E9 de New York, c'est la corruption, plus que le manque de d\u00E9mocratie, qui fut la source du ras-le-bol g\u00E9n\u00E9ral qui mena aux manifestations de la place Tian'anmen en 1989. La corruption sape la l\u00E9gitimit\u00E9 du PCC, accroit les in\u00E9galit\u00E9s \u00E9conomiques, porte atteinte \u00E0 l'environnement et provoque des troubles sociaux. Depuis lors, la corruption n'a non seulement pas ralenti du fait de la lib\u00E9ralisation de l'\u00E9conomie, mais elle s'est m\u00EAme amplifi\u00E9e et r\u00E9pandue dans tout le pays. Selon la vision qu'en a la population, il y a aujourd'hui plus de cadres malhonn\u00EAtes au sein du parti au pouvoir qu'il n'y en a d'honn\u00EAtes, alors que les enqu\u00EAtes men\u00E9es au cours des ann\u00E9es 1980 quand commenc\u00E8rent les r\u00E9formes montrent le contraire. Le sp\u00E9cialiste de la Chine Minxin Pei affirme que l'\u00E9chec dans la lutte contre la g\u00E9n\u00E9ralisation de la corruption est s\u00FBrement la menace la plus s\u00E9rieuse qui p\u00E8se sur l'avenir de l'\u00E9conomie et de la stabilit\u00E9 politique du pays. La corruption, les pots-de-vin, le vol et le gaspillage des fonds publics co\u00FBtent chaque ann\u00E9e au minimum l'\u00E9quivalent de 3 % du PIB."@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . "49716"^^ . . "\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062F \u0641\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064A\u0646"@ar . . "La corrupci\u00F3n en China post-1949 se refiere al abuso del poder pol\u00EDtico para fines privados, t\u00EDpicamente por parte de miembros del Partido Comunista Chino (PCCh), que tienen la mayor\u00EDa del poder en el pa\u00EDs. La corrupci\u00F3n es un problema muy importante en China,\u200B que afecta todos los aspectos de la administraci\u00F3n, la aplicaci\u00F3n de la ley,\u200B\u200B la atenci\u00F3n m\u00E9dica\u200B\u200B y la educaci\u00F3n.\u200B Desde que comenzaron las reformas econ\u00F3micas chinas , la corrupci\u00F3n se ha atribuido a la \"involuci\u00F3n organizacional\"\u200B provocada por las reformas de liberalizaci\u00F3n del mercado iniciadas por Deng Xiaoping. Al igual que otras econom\u00EDas socialistas que han emprendido reformas econ\u00F3micas, como la Europa del Este y Asia Central postsovi\u00E9ticas , la China de la era de la reforma ha experimentado niveles crecientes de corrupci"@es . . "y\u00EC"@en . . . . "r\u00E9nzh\u00EC"@en . . . . . . 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"La corrupci\u00F3n en China post-1949 se refiere al abuso del poder pol\u00EDtico para fines privados, t\u00EDpicamente por parte de miembros del Partido Comunista Chino (PCCh), que tienen la mayor\u00EDa del poder en el pa\u00EDs. La corrupci\u00F3n es un problema muy importante en China,\u200B que afecta todos los aspectos de la administraci\u00F3n, la aplicaci\u00F3n de la ley,\u200B\u200B la atenci\u00F3n m\u00E9dica\u200B\u200B y la educaci\u00F3n.\u200B Desde que comenzaron las reformas econ\u00F3micas chinas , la corrupci\u00F3n se ha atribuido a la \"involuci\u00F3n organizacional\"\u200B provocada por las reformas de liberalizaci\u00F3n del mercado iniciadas por Deng Xiaoping. Al igual que otras econom\u00EDas socialistas que han emprendido reformas econ\u00F3micas, como la Europa del Este y Asia Central postsovi\u00E9ticas , la China de la era de la reforma ha experimentado niveles crecientes de corrupci\u00F3n.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . .