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"Civilian control of the military"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Civilian control of the military is a doctrine in military and political science that places ultimate responsibility for a country's strategic decision-making in the hands of the civilian political leadership, rather than professional military officers. Civilian oversight over militaries, mainly used in democratic governments, puts the power to take military action in the hands of a civilian leader or legislative agency. Allowing the civilian component of government to retain control over the military or state security shows a healthy respect for democratic values and good governance. Giving power to the civilian component of the government over what the military can do and how much money it can spend protects the democratic process from abuse. Nations that can achieve legitimate relationship between the two structures serves to be more effective and provide accountability between government and military. Security relies on both sides compromising on the civilian and security needs to find the best resulting arrangement. Making the effectiveness of this type of arrangement does not rely on equipment quality or number of men, but how the two systems work together. A government and military must agree to confine the military to the rule of law and submit to government oversight to make an effective security apparatus possible. Transparency has taken hold throughout the international system to improve bureaucracy and the democratization of both democratic countries and resistant authoritarian holdovers. This has grown to involve the armed forces/security forces themselves to work towards the international norm of fully liberalizing these organizations. Civilian control is often seen as a prerequisite feature of a stable liberal democracy. Use of the term in scholarly analyses tends to take place in the context of a democracy governed by elected officials, though the subordination of the military to political control is not unique to these societies. One example is People's Republic of China. Mao Zedong stated that \"Our principle is that the Party commands the gun, and the gun must never be allowed to command the Party,\" reflecting the primacy of the Chinese Communist Party over the People's Liberation Army. As noted by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill professor Richard H. Kohn, \"civilian control is not a fact but a process\". Affirmations of respect for the values of civilian control notwithstanding, the actual level of control sought or achieved by the civilian leadership may vary greatly in practice, from a statement of broad policy goals that military commanders are expected to translate into operational plans, to the direct selection of specific targets for attack on the part of governing politicians. National Leaders with limited experience in military matters often have little choice but to rely on the advice of professional military commanders trained in the art and science of warfare to inform the limits of policy; in such cases, the military establishment may enter the bureaucratic arena to advocate for or against a particular course of action, shaping the policy-making process and blurring any clear cut lines of civilian control. The reverse situation, where professional military officers control national politics, is called a military dictatorship. A lack of control over the military may result in a state within a state. One author, paraphrasing Samuel P. Huntington's writings in The Soldier and the State, has summarized the civilian control ideal as \"the proper subordination of a competent, professional military to the ends of policy as determined by civilian authority\"."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u8ECD\u968A\u570B\u5BB6\u5316\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u519B\u4E8B\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u5B66\u9886\u57DF\u7684\u4E3B\u5F20\uFF0C\u5373\u8ECD\u968A\u6216\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u4E0D\u5F97\u542C\u547D\u4E8E\u653F\u6CBB\u4EBA\u7269\u4E4B\u6307\u6325\u3002\u519B\u961F\u4E0D\u5C08\u5C6C\u65BC\u500B\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4E14\u7121\u653F\u9EE8\u6D3E\u7CFB\u5206\u5225\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u70BA\u4E00\u570B\u4E4B\u5168\u9AD4\u4EBA\u6C11\u6240\u64C1\u6709\u3001\u5E76\u53EA\u807D\u547D\u65BC\u5168\u9AD4\u4EBA\u6C11\u7684\u6307\u63EE\uFF1B\u4EFB\u4F55\u653F\u515A\u56E2\u4F53\u6216\u4E2A\u4EBA\u65E0\u6743\u4EE3\u4E3A\u8C03\u9063\u3002\u4F7F\u5168\u570B\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u7686\u7531\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u7DE8\u7D44\uFF0C\u5C0A\u91CD\u8ECD\u4EE4\u8207\u653F\u4EE4\u7684\u5206\u7ACB\uFF0C\u6B64\u4EA6\u662F\u7DAD\u6301\u570B\u5BB6\u5B89\u5B9A\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u57FA\u790E\u3002\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u8ECD\u968A\u570B\u5BB6\u5316\u4E5F\u80FD\u8996\u70BA\u662F\u5426\u70BA\u6C11\u4E3B\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u5224\u65B7\u6307\u6A19\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u519B\u961F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5316\u5BF9\u7ACB\u9762\u662F\u519B\u961F\u79C1\u6709\u5316\u548C\u8ECD\u570B\u4E3B\u7FA9 \u3002 \u519B\u961F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5316\u7684\u5B9E\u8D28\u662F\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u4E0D\u5F97\u5F52\u4EFB\u4F55\u515A\u6D3E\u6216\u79C1\u4EBA\u56E2\u4F53\u6240\u6709\uFF0C\u4EE5\u7528\u4E8E\u66B4\u529B\u5E72\u6D89\u548C\u5F71\u54CD\u653F\u6CBB\u52BF\u6001\u7684\u5DE5\u5177\uFF0C\u5373\u4EFB\u4F55\u4EBA\u4E0D\u5F97\u79C1\u81EA\u4EE5\u6B66\u88C5\u66B4\u529B\u4FDD\u536B\u6216\u63A8\u7FFB\u653F\u9EE8\u6216\u653F\u6743\uFF1B\u519B\u4EBA\u7684\u804C\u8D23\u4EC5\u4E3A\u4FDD\u536B\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5E76\u76F4\u63A5\u670D\u4ECE\u4E8E\u5168\u4F53\u56FD\u6C11\u3002\u4EFB\u4F55\u7F3A\u4E4F\u5168\u4F53\u6C11\u4F17\u4E4B\u76F4\u63A5\u6709\u6548\u6388\u6743\u548C\u6307\u6325\u3001\u800C\u542C\u547D\u4E8E\u5355\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u6216\u56E2\u4F53\u7684\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u7686\u8FDD\u80CC\u201C\u519B\u961F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5316\u201D\u4E4B\u7406\u5FF5\u548C\u8303\u7574\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uAD70\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBB38\uBBFC\uD1B5\uC81C(\u6587\u6C11\u7D71\u5236, \uC601\uC5B4: civilian control of the military)\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAD8C\uB825\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD70\uBD80\uC758 \uAC1C\uC785\uC774 \uAC70\uBD80\uB418\uACE0 \uBBFC\uAC04\uC778\uC774 \uAD70\uC778\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uB294 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC758 \uC9C0\uD718\uAD8C\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4\uB2E4\uB294 \uC6D0\uCE59\uC774\uB2E4. \uBB38\uBBFC\uC9C0\uBC30(\u6587\u6C11\u652F\u914D) \uB610\uB294 \uBB38\uBBFC\uC6B0\uC704(\u6587\u6C11\u512A\u4F4D, civilian supremacy)\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC11C\uC591\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uD1B5\uC81C(political control), \uAD70\uB300\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uD1B5\uC81C(democratic control over the military)\uB77C\uACE0 \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uB9CE\uB2E4. \uAD70\uB300\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBB38\uBBFC \uD1B5\uC81C\uB294 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC815\uCE58\uAC00 \uAD70\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uC6B0\uC120\uD558\uB294 \uAC83, \uAD70\uC0AC\uB825\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uD1B5\uC81C\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC790\uC778 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC774 \uC120\uAC70\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC120\uCD9C\uB41C \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC758 \uB300\uD45C\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574 \uAD70\uC0AC\uC801 \uACB0\uC815\uAD8C\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC548\uBCF4 \uC815\uCC45\uC73C\uB85C, \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08\uAC00 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uAD70\uB300\uC758 \uCD5C\uACE0 \uD1B5\uC218\uAD8C\uC740 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839(\uB610\uB294 \uC218\uC0C1)\uC774 \uAC00\uC9C0\uAC8C \uB418\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uAD70\uB300 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC774\uACE0, \uBB38\uBBFC \uD1B5\uC81C\uC758 \uC8FC\uCCB4\uB294 \uC785\uBC95\uBD80(\uAD6D\uD68C)\uC774\uBA70 \uAD81\uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC774\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "\u6587\u6C11\u7D71\u5236"@ja . . . . "\u6587\u6C11\u7D71\u5236\uFF08\u3076\u3093\u307F\u3093\u3068\u3046\u305B\u3044\u3001\u30B7\u30D3\u30EA\u30A2\u30F3\u30FB\u30B3\u30F3\u30C8\u30ED\u30FC\u30EB\u3001\u82F1\u8A9E: civilian control of the military\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u6587\u6C11\u305F\u308B\u653F\u6CBB\u5BB6\u304C\u8ECD\u968A\u3092\u7D71\u5236\u3059\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u653F\u8ECD\u95A2\u4FC2\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uAD70\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBB38\uBBFC\uD1B5\uC81C(\u6587\u6C11\u7D71\u5236, \uC601\uC5B4: civilian control of the military)\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uD1B5\uCE58\uAD8C\uB825\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD70\uBD80\uC758 \uAC1C\uC785\uC774 \uAC70\uBD80\uB418\uACE0 \uBBFC\uAC04\uC778\uC774 \uAD70\uC778\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uD3EC\uD568\uD558\uB294 \uCD5C\uACE0\uC758 \uC9C0\uD718\uAD8C\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C4\uB2E4\uB294 \uC6D0\uCE59\uC774\uB2E4. \uBB38\uBBFC\uC9C0\uBC30(\u6587\u6C11\u652F\u914D) \uB610\uB294 \uBB38\uBBFC\uC6B0\uC704(\u6587\u6C11\u512A\u4F4D, civilian supremacy)\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uD55C\uB2E4. \uC11C\uC591\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uC815\uCE58\uC801 \uD1B5\uC81C(political control), \uAD70\uB300\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uD1B5\uC81C(democratic control over the military)\uB77C\uACE0 \uD45C\uD604\uD558\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uAC00 \uB9CE\uB2E4. \uAD70\uB300\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBB38\uBBFC \uD1B5\uC81C\uB294 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758 \uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uC815\uCE58\uAC00 \uAD70\uC0AC\uC5D0 \uC6B0\uC120\uD558\uB294 \uAC83, \uAD70\uC0AC\uB825\uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC801 \uD1B5\uC81C\uB97C \uB9D0\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC8FC\uAD8C\uC790\uC778 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC774 \uC120\uAC70\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC120\uCD9C\uB41C \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC758 \uB300\uD45C\uB97C \uD1B5\uD574 \uAD70\uC0AC\uC801 \uACB0\uC815\uAD8C\uC744 \uAC00\uC9C0\uB294 \uAD6D\uAC00 \uC548\uBCF4 \uC815\uCC45\uC73C\uB85C, \uBBFC\uC8FC\uC8FC\uC758\uC758 \uAE30\uCD08\uAC00 \uB41C\uB2E4. \uAD70\uB300\uC758 \uCD5C\uACE0 \uD1B5\uC218\uAD8C\uC740 \uB300\uD1B5\uB839(\uB610\uB294 \uC218\uC0C1)\uC774 \uAC00\uC9C0\uAC8C \uB418\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC774\uAC83\uC740 \uAD70\uB300 \uC870\uC9C1\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uAD00\uACC4\uC774\uACE0, \uBB38\uBBFC \uD1B5\uC81C\uC758 \uC8FC\uCCB4\uB294 \uC785\uBC95\uBD80(\uAD6D\uD68C)\uC774\uBA70 \uAD81\uADF9\uC801\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uAD6D\uBBFC\uC774\uB2E4. \uAD70(\u8ECD) \uC8FC\uB3C4 \uC138\uB825\uC740 \uC8FC\uB85C \uC2E0\uC0DD\uAD6D\uAC00\uB098 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uB3C4\uC0C1\uAD6D\uAC00\uC5D0\uC11C \uBE48\uBC88\uD558\uAC8C \uB4F1\uC7A5\uD55C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uBBFC\uC8FC\uD654 \uACFC\uC815\uC5D0\uC11C \uBBFC\uAC04\uC778\uC774 \uC815\uAD8C \uCC3D\uCD9C\uC5D0 \uCC45\uC784\uC744 \uC838\uC57C \uD55C\uB2E4\uB294 \uC774\uB860\uC774\uB2E4. \uC11C\uAD6C\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uBB38\uBBFC\uC6B0\uC704 \uC6D0\uCE59\uC774 \uC798 \uC9C0\uCF1C\uC838 \uAD70\uC778\uC9D1\uB2E8\uC774 \uC81C\uB3C4\uD654\uB41C \uD558\uB098\uC758 \uC774\uC775\uC9D1\uB2E8\uC73C\uB85C \uB0A8\uAC70\uB098 \uB3D9\uAD6C\uC5D0\uC11C\uCC98\uB7FC \uACF5\uC0B0\uB2F9\uC5D0 \uC758\uD55C \uD1B5\uC81C\uB85C \uC815\uCE58\uAD8C\uB825\uC758 \uC81C\uD55C\uC774 \uC788\uAC8C \uB41C\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB7EC\uB098 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uB3C4\uC0C1\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C\uC758 \uBB38\uBBFC\uC6B0\uC704 \uC6D0\uCE59\uC740 \uD615\uC2DD\uC0C1\uC758 \uC774\uB860\uC73C\uB85C\uB9CC \uB0A8\uAE30 \uC27D\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "Cywilna kontrola nad si\u0142ami zbrojnymi jest jednym z trudniejszych aspekt\u00F3w organizacji pa\u0144stwa demokratycznego, zw\u0142aszcza m\u0142ode lub nieustabilizowane demokracje (pa\u0144stwa Europy Wschodniej, Bliskiego Wschodu, Ameryki \u0141aci\u0144skiej) przez brak odpowiedniego uregulowania tej kwestii cz\u0119sto do\u015Bwiadczaj\u0105 r\u00F3\u017Cnego rodzaju problem\u00F3w. Si\u0142y zbrojne to organizacja hierarchiczna, zdyscyplinowana, o silnym poczuciu misji i ducha (w stopniu nie spotykanym w innych dzia\u0142ach machiny pa\u0144stwowej); przejawia sk\u0142onno\u015B\u0107 do alarmizmu, nacjonalizmu; wojskowi cz\u0119sto maj\u0105 poczucie wy\u017Cszo\u015Bci nad reszt\u0105 obywateli, zw\u0142aszcza polityk\u00F3w.Wszystkie te cechy sprawiaj\u0105, i\u017C zw\u0142aszcza, gdy pa\u0144stwo prze\u017Cywa problemy, armia ma sk\u0142onno\u015B\u0107 do interweniowania i przejmowania w\u0142adzy. By temu zapobiec, w pa\u0144stwie demokratycznym musz\u0105 by\u0107 przestrzegane nast\u0119puj\u0105ce zasady: \n* Pe\u0142na zwierzchno\u015B\u0107 i odpowiedzialno\u015B\u0107 w\u0142adz cywilnych - w kwestii kierunk\u00F3w obieranej polityki, ilo\u015Bci i rodzaj\u00F3w si\u0142 zbrojnych, pe\u0142na odpowiedzialno\u015B\u0107 musi spoczywa\u0107 na w\u0142adzach cywilnych. Kierownictwo poszczeg\u00F3lnych organ\u00F3w cywilnych nad armi\u0105 nie mo\u017Ce mie\u0107 charakteru czysto nominalnego. \n* Separacja struktur wojskowych i cywilnych - wojskowi w s\u0142u\u017Cbie czynnej nie mog\u0105 piastowa\u0107 funkcji w cywilnych organach w\u0142adzy, w ministerstwie obrony musi by\u0107 przestrzegany \u015Bcis\u0142y rozdzia\u0142 mi\u0119dzy pionem cywilnym a wojskowym. \n* Apolityczno\u015B\u0107 si\u0142 zbrojnych - w armii nie mo\u017Ce by\u0107 prowadzona jakakolwiek dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 i agitacja polityczna, wojskowi nie mog\u0105 by\u0107 cz\u0142onkami partii politycznych, armia nie mo\u017Ce by\u0107 anga\u017Cowana w dzia\u0142alno\u015B\u0107 polityczn\u0105. \n* Ograniczenie wewn\u0119trznych funkcji si\u0142 zbrojnych - funkcje gospodarcze i inne skierowane do wewn\u0105trz pa\u0144stwa (utrzymanie porz\u0105dku spo\u0142ecznego, funkcje policyjne) powinny by\u0107 ograniczone do niezb\u0119dnego minimum. \n* Zapobieganie autonomizacji si\u0142 zbrojnych - zbyt daleko id\u0105ce przywileje, oddzielne osiedla, szko\u0142y itp. sprzyjaj\u0105 wyalienowaniu armii ze spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa. Wojskowi musz\u0105 mie\u0107 poczucie zbie\u017Cno\u015Bci swoich interes\u00F3w z interesami reszty spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa. Dobrze s\u0142u\u017Cy temu r\u00F3wnie\u017C stymulowanie wzajemnego poznania i zrozumienia mi\u0119dzy wojskowymi a cywilami (zw\u0142aszcza politykami a wy\u017Cszymi oficerami) przez np. imprezy integracyjne, wsp\u00F3lne szkolenia. W aspekcie organizacyjnym zapobiega autonomizacji podporz\u0105dkowanie w czasie pokoju sztab\u00F3w poszczeg\u00F3lnych si\u0142 zbrojnych bezpo\u015Brednio ministrowi obrony, a nie sztabowi g\u0142\u00F3wnemu. \n* Zabezpieczenie interes\u00F3w si\u0142 zbrojnych, docenienie ich roli - sprawne s\u0105dy wojskowe, odpowiednie p\u0142ace a tak\u017Ce docenienie roli i znaczenia si\u0142 zbrojnych przez spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwo i elity (przez odpowiednie celebrowanie \u015Bwi\u0105t zwi\u0105zanych z wojskiem, parady etc.). Wa\u017Cne jest, by spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwo rozumia\u0142o problematyk\u0119 wojskow\u0105, by nie dopuszczono do powstania nastroj\u00F3w wrogich wojskowym (ze wzgl\u0119du na tendencje pacyfistyczne, niech\u0119\u0107 do wydatk\u00F3w na cele wojskowe), s\u0142u\u017C\u0105 temu organizowane przez ministerstwo obrony r\u00F3\u017Cnego rodzaju akcje promocyjne i popularyzatorskie."@pl . . . "Cywilna kontrola nad si\u0142ami zbrojnymi"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2589535"^^ . . . . . . . . "Cywilna kontrola nad si\u0142ami zbrojnymi jest jednym z trudniejszych aspekt\u00F3w organizacji pa\u0144stwa demokratycznego, zw\u0142aszcza m\u0142ode lub nieustabilizowane demokracje (pa\u0144stwa Europy Wschodniej, Bliskiego Wschodu, Ameryki \u0141aci\u0144skiej) przez brak odpowiedniego uregulowania tej kwestii cz\u0119sto do\u015Bwiadczaj\u0105 r\u00F3\u017Cnego rodzaju problem\u00F3w. By temu zapobiec, w pa\u0144stwie demokratycznym musz\u0105 by\u0107 przestrzegane nast\u0119puj\u0105ce zasady:"@pl . . . . . . "\uBB38\uBBFC\uD1B5\uC81C"@ko . . . . . . . "\u8ECD\u968A\u570B\u5BB6\u5316\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u519B\u4E8B\u548C\u653F\u6CBB\u5B66\u9886\u57DF\u7684\u4E3B\u5F20\uFF0C\u5373\u8ECD\u968A\u6216\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u4E0D\u5F97\u542C\u547D\u4E8E\u653F\u6CBB\u4EBA\u7269\u4E4B\u6307\u6325\u3002\u519B\u961F\u4E0D\u5C08\u5C6C\u65BC\u500B\u4EBA\uFF0C\u4E14\u7121\u653F\u9EE8\u6D3E\u7CFB\u5206\u5225\uFF0C\u800C\u662F\u70BA\u4E00\u570B\u4E4B\u5168\u9AD4\u4EBA\u6C11\u6240\u64C1\u6709\u3001\u5E76\u53EA\u807D\u547D\u65BC\u5168\u9AD4\u4EBA\u6C11\u7684\u6307\u63EE\uFF1B\u4EFB\u4F55\u653F\u515A\u56E2\u4F53\u6216\u4E2A\u4EBA\u65E0\u6743\u4EE3\u4E3A\u8C03\u9063\u3002\u4F7F\u5168\u570B\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u7686\u7531\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u7DE8\u7D44\uFF0C\u5C0A\u91CD\u8ECD\u4EE4\u8207\u653F\u4EE4\u7684\u5206\u7ACB\uFF0C\u6B64\u4EA6\u662F\u7DAD\u6301\u570B\u5BB6\u5B89\u5B9A\u7684\u95DC\u9375\u57FA\u790E\u3002\u53E6\u4E00\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u8ECD\u968A\u570B\u5BB6\u5316\u4E5F\u80FD\u8996\u70BA\u662F\u5426\u70BA\u6C11\u4E3B\u570B\u5BB6\u7684\u5224\u65B7\u6307\u6A19\u4E4B\u4E00\u3002\u519B\u961F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5316\u5BF9\u7ACB\u9762\u662F\u519B\u961F\u79C1\u6709\u5316\u548C\u8ECD\u570B\u4E3B\u7FA9 \u3002 \u519B\u961F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5316\u7684\u5B9E\u8D28\u662F\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u4E0D\u5F97\u5F52\u4EFB\u4F55\u515A\u6D3E\u6216\u79C1\u4EBA\u56E2\u4F53\u6240\u6709\uFF0C\u4EE5\u7528\u4E8E\u66B4\u529B\u5E72\u6D89\u548C\u5F71\u54CD\u653F\u6CBB\u52BF\u6001\u7684\u5DE5\u5177\uFF0C\u5373\u4EFB\u4F55\u4EBA\u4E0D\u5F97\u79C1\u81EA\u4EE5\u6B66\u88C5\u66B4\u529B\u4FDD\u536B\u6216\u63A8\u7FFB\u653F\u9EE8\u6216\u653F\u6743\uFF1B\u519B\u4EBA\u7684\u804C\u8D23\u4EC5\u4E3A\u4FDD\u536B\u56FD\u5BB6\uFF0C\u5E76\u76F4\u63A5\u670D\u4ECE\u4E8E\u5168\u4F53\u56FD\u6C11\u3002\u4EFB\u4F55\u7F3A\u4E4F\u5168\u4F53\u6C11\u4F17\u4E4B\u76F4\u63A5\u6709\u6548\u6388\u6743\u548C\u6307\u6325\u3001\u800C\u542C\u547D\u4E8E\u5355\u4E00\u4E2A\u4EBA\u6216\u56E2\u4F53\u7684\u519B\u4E8B\u6B66\u88C5\u7686\u8FDD\u80CC\u201C\u519B\u961F\u56FD\u5BB6\u5316\u201D\u4E4B\u7406\u5FF5\u548C\u8303\u7574\u3002"@zh . "\u8ECD\u968A\u570B\u5BB6\u5316"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "43117"^^ . . . . . . "\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064A\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062F\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u064A\u0634"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Controllo civile dei militari"@it . . . . . "1123610679"^^ . . . . . "\u0426\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u2014 \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u043A\u043B\u044E\u0447\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0446\u0438\u043F\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438, \u043E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u044F\u043C\u043E\u043A \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043F\u0435\u043A\u0438, \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043D\u0443 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043B\u0435\u0433\u043B\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0417\u0431\u0440\u043E\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u0438\u043B \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0434\u0435\u043C\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0456. \u041D\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0434\u043E\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0456, \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044C \u0437 \u0431\u043E\u043A\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u0432\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0456\u043D\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0438, \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0432\u043E\u044E \u0434\u0438\u043A\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043E\u044E. \u0412\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u043E\u0446\u0456\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043B\u044E \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u043E\u0454\u043D\u043D\u043E\u044E \u043E\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044E \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043E\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0434\u043E \u0456\u0441\u043D\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u00AB\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438\u00BB."@uk . "Il controllo civile dei militari \u00E8 una dottrina delle scienze politiche e militari che pone come ultimo responsabile del processo decisionale strategico di una nazione la leadership della popolazione civile, piuttosto che ufficiali delle forze armate.Il controllo civile \u00E8 spesso visto come un prerequisito di una societ\u00E0 stabile e democratica.L'uso del termine in analisi accademiche tende ad essere inserito nel contesto di democrazie occidentali governate da statisti eletti democraticamente sebbene il concetto di subordinazione dei militari al controllo politico non \u00E8 ristretto a queste societ\u00E0."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . "Civilian control of the military is a doctrine in military and political science that places ultimate responsibility for a country's strategic decision-making in the hands of the civilian political leadership, rather than professional military officers. The reverse situation, where professional military officers control national politics, is called a military dictatorship."@en . . . . . . . . . "Il controllo civile dei militari \u00E8 una dottrina delle scienze politiche e militari che pone come ultimo responsabile del processo decisionale strategico di una nazione la leadership della popolazione civile, piuttosto che ufficiali delle forze armate.Il controllo civile \u00E8 spesso visto come un prerequisito di una societ\u00E0 stabile e democratica.L'uso del termine in analisi accademiche tende ad essere inserito nel contesto di democrazie occidentali governate da statisti eletti democraticamente sebbene il concetto di subordinazione dei militari al controllo politico non \u00E8 ristretto a queste societ\u00E0."@it . . . .