"\u041E\u0431\u0440\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0456\u043D\u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F (\u043B\u0430\u0442. circumcisio) \u2014 \u0445\u0456\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043D\u0430 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F, \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043A\u043E\u0432\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u043F\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430 \u0443 \u0445\u043B\u043E\u043F\u0447\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0456 \u0447\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0456\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043A\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0438\u0445, \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043C\u0456\u0440\u043A\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u044C. \u041F\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043A\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043D\u044C \u0442\u0430, \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u043B\u0438\u0432\u043E, \u0437\u0433\u043E\u0434\u0438 \u043F\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043D\u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044E, \u044F\u043A \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043F\u0430\u0434\u043A\u0443 \u0437 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043D\u0430 \u043D\u043E\u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u044F\u0445, \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0456 \u043C\u043E\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043B\u044F\u043D\u0443\u0442\u0435 \u044F\u043A \u043A\u0430\u043B\u0456\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043E \u0447\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0447\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0430.[\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u043E?]"@uk . . . . . . "Obrzezanie"@pl . . . . . . . "Circumcisie, mannenbesnijdenis of jongensbesnijdenis is het rondom verwijderen van de voorhuid (preputium) van de menselijke penis. Volgens schattingen was in 2006 circa 30% van alle mannen wereldwijd besneden (circa 665 miljoen mannen). De ingreep kan om medisch-therapeutische, medisch-preventieve, religieuze of culturele redenen worden uitgevoerd. Circumcisie is een Latijns woord samengesteld uit circum (rondom) en cisie (snijden). De meeste circumcisies worden uit religieuze overtuiging uitgevoerd. Als godsdienstig ritueel wordt de besnijdenis door joden en moslims toegepast. Bij veel primitieve volkeren vindt het bij overgangsrituelen plaats, waaraan zowel jongens als meisjes worden onderworpen. In de antieke wereld kenden de Egyptenaren eveneens de besnijdenis. Bij de circumcisie van minderjarigen om niet-therapeutische redenen botsen twee rechten van de mens: het recht op lichamelijke integriteit en het recht op godsdienstvrijheid. Deze juridische aspecten van circumcisie geven voor sommigen aanleiding te pleiten voor een verbod op besnijdenis van minderjarigen."@nl . . . . . "Ob\u0159\u00EDzka"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . "Z41.2"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u5272\u793C\uFF08\u304B\u3064\u308C\u3044\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3082\u3057\u304F\u306F\u5973\u6027\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u3092\u5207\u958B\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u5207\u9664\uFF08\u5834\u5408\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306F\u6027\u5668\u53E3\u3092\u5C01\u9396\uFF09\u3059\u308B\u5916\u79D1\u7684\u65BD\u8853\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u5272\u793C\u306E\u7FD2\u6163\u306F\u3001\u30E6\u30C0\u30E4\u6559\u5F92\u3001\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30FC\u30E0\u6559\u5F92\u3001\u8D64\u9053\u6CBF\u3044\u306E\u30A2\u30D5\u30EA\u30AB\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u306A\u3069\u306E\u9593\u306B\u898B\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5272\u793C\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u306F\u53E4\u304F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D\u306E\u8CC7\u6599\u306B\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u3002\u5272\u793C\u306F\u5358\u306B\u500B\u4EBA\u306B\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u7FD2\u6163\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u901A\u904E\u5100\u793C\u30FB\u96C6\u56E3\u898F\u7BC4\u3068\u95A2\u9023\u3059\u308B\u30B1\u30FC\u30B9\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002 \u5973\u6027\u5668\u5207\u9664\uFF08female circumcision\uFF09\u3092\u300E\u5973\u5B50\u5272\u793C\u300F\u3068\u79F0\u3059\u4E8B\u304C\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306E\u5272\u793C\uFF08circumcision\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u80CC\u666F\u304C\u7570\u306A\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u7537\u5B50\u306E\u5272\u793C\u304C\u5305\u76AE\u306E\u307F\u3092\u5207\u9664\u3057\u3001\u9670\u830E\u4E80\u982D\u3092\u9732\u51FA\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308B\u305F\u3081\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u7121\u5BB3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3001\u5973\u6027\u5668\u5207\u9664\u306F\u30AF\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30B9\u672C\u4F53\u3084\u5C0F\u9670\u5507\u3001\u5927\u9670\u5507\u3092\u5207\u9664\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u751F\u6B7B\u306B\u95A2\u308F\u308B\u8CA0\u62C5\u3084\u751F\u6DAF\u306B\u308F\u305F\u308B\u82E6\u75DB\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7406\u7531\u3067\u5148\u9032\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u60AA\u7FD2\u3068\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . "La circuncisi\u00F3n \u2014del lat\u00EDn circumc\u012Bsi\u014D, -\u014Dnis, vocablo compuesto a su vez por circum- \u2018alrededor\u2019 y cisio \u2018cortar\u2019\u2014 es una operaci\u00F3n quir\u00FArgica que consiste en cortar una porci\u00F3n o la totalidad del prepucio del pene humano. Se practica principalmente por motivos rituales o m\u00E9dicos. Cuando se realiza como procedimiento m\u00E9dico se denomina postectom\u00EDa. La circuncisi\u00F3n se puede realizar por razones terap\u00E9uticas, especialmente en el tratamiento para balanopostitis cr\u00F3nica, infecciones virales, corregir la fimosis o la parafimosis.\u200B"@es . . . . . . . . . . . "Circuncis\u00E3o"@pt . . . . . . . . "Circuncis\u00E3o masculina \u00E9 a remo\u00E7\u00E3o do prep\u00FAcio do p\u00E9nis humano. No procedimento mais comum, o prep\u00FAcio \u00E9 aberto, as ader\u00EAncias removidas e a pele separada da glande. Posteriormente \u00E9 colocado um grampo pr\u00F3prio para estabilizar o p\u00E9nis e a pele do prep\u00FAcio \u00E9 cortada. O procedimento tamb\u00E9m pode ser realizado sem um instrumento pr\u00F3prio. Para diminuir as dores e a ansiedade pode por vezes ser usada anestesia local ou de aplica\u00E7\u00E3o t\u00F3pica, embora a anestesia geral seja tamb\u00E9m uma op\u00E7\u00E3o em adultos e crian\u00E7as. Na maior parte dos casos, a circuncis\u00E3o \u00E9 uma cirurgia planeada e realizada em beb\u00E9s e crian\u00E7as por motivos culturais e religiosos. No entanto, em alguns casos pode ser realizada como tratamento m\u00E9dico para uma s\u00E9rie de doen\u00E7as, entre as quais casos problem\u00E1ticos de fimose, infe\u00E7\u00F5es cr\u00F3nicas do trato urin\u00E1rio e balanopostite que n\u00E3o responda a outros tratamentos. No entanto, est\u00E1 contra-indicada em casos de determinadas anormalidades da estrutura genital ou m\u00E1 condi\u00E7\u00E3o f\u00EDsica geral. A circuncis\u00E3o no geral est\u00E1 associada \u00E0 diminui\u00E7\u00E3o da incid\u00EAncia de formas cancer\u00EDgenas do v\u00EDrus do papiloma humano e \u00E0 diminui\u00E7\u00E3o do risco de infe\u00E7\u00F5es do trato urin\u00E1rio e de cancro do p\u00E9nis. No entanto, a preven\u00E7\u00E3o destas condi\u00E7\u00F5es n\u00E3o justifica a circuncis\u00E3o de rotina em crian\u00E7as. Os estudos sobre potenciais efeitos protetores contra outras doen\u00E7as sexualmente transmiss\u00EDveis ainda n\u00E3o foram conclusivos. Uma revis\u00E3o de 2010 verificou que as circuncis\u00F5es realizadas por m\u00E9dicos apresentavam uma taxa de complica\u00E7\u00F5es de 1,5% em beb\u00E9s e 6% em crian\u00E7as mais velhas, com alguns casos de complica\u00E7\u00F5es graves. Entre as complica\u00E7\u00F5es mais comuns est\u00E3o hemorragias, infe\u00E7\u00F5es e a remo\u00E7\u00E3o de demasiada ou insuficiente pele do prep\u00FAcio. As taxas de complica\u00E7\u00F5es s\u00E3o maiores quando o procedimento \u00E9 efetuado por algu\u00E9m inexperiente, em condi\u00E7\u00F5es de pouca higiene ou quando a crian\u00E7a \u00E9 mais velha. A circuncis\u00E3o n\u00E3o aparenta ter impacto negativo na fun\u00E7\u00E3o sexual. As evid\u00EAncias sustentam ainda que a circuncis\u00E3o masculina diminui o risco de infe\u00E7\u00E3o por VIH entre homens heterossexuais na \u00C1frica subsariana. No entanto, as evid\u00EAncias de poss\u00EDveis benef\u00EDcios para homossexuais masculinos s\u00E3o menos claras. Al\u00E9m disso, a efic\u00E1cia de usar a circuncis\u00E3o como m\u00E9todo de preven\u00E7\u00E3o do VIH em pa\u00EDses desenvolvidos ainda n\u00E3o est\u00E1 esclarecida. Por este motivo, a Organiza\u00E7\u00E3o Mundial de Sa\u00FAde recomenda que a seja considerado o recurso \u00E0 circuncis\u00E3o como parte integrante de programas de preven\u00E7\u00E3o de VIH em regi\u00F5es com elevada preval\u00EAncia de VIH, como na \u00C1frica subsariana. Com a exce\u00E7\u00E3o da posi\u00E7\u00E3o da OMS para regi\u00F5es com elevada preval\u00EAncia de VIH, as posi\u00E7\u00F5es das principais organiza\u00E7\u00F5es de medicina do mundo em rela\u00E7\u00E3o \u00E0 circuncis\u00E3o planeada de beb\u00E9s e crian\u00E7as variam, desde aquelas que que consideram que n\u00E3o apresenta benef\u00EDcios ao mesmo tempo que apresenta riscos significativos, at\u00E9 \u00E0s que consideram que apresenta alguns benef\u00EDcios de sa\u00FAde que superam eventuais pequenos riscos. Nenhuma das principais organiza\u00E7\u00F5es de sa\u00FAde recomenda nem a proibi\u00E7\u00E3o da pr\u00E1tica, nem a circuncis\u00E3o universal de todas as pessoas do sexo masculino. Estima-se que cerca de um ter\u00E7o dos homens em todo o mundo seja circuncidado. A pr\u00E1tica \u00E9 comum no mundo isl\u00E2mico, nos Estados Unidos, em partes do sudeste asi\u00E1tico e de \u00C1frica, e em Israel onde \u00E9 praticamente universal por motivos religiosos. Por outro lado, \u00E9 relativamente rara na Europa, na Am\u00E9rica Latina, em partes do sul de \u00C1frica e em grande parte da \u00C1sia. Desconhece-se com precis\u00E3o a origem da circuncis\u00E3o. O mais antigo documento escrito \u00E9 proveniente do Antigo Egito. A circuncis\u00E3o entre beb\u00E9s e por motivos que n\u00E3o sejam de sa\u00FAde est\u00E1 na origem de um debate \u00E9tico sobre quest\u00F5es de consentimento informado e direitos humanos, sendo por isso um procedimento controverso. T\u00EAm sido propostas v\u00E1rias teorias para a sua origem, incluindo como forma de sacrif\u00EDcio religioso ou um rito de passagem que marca a entrada de um rapaz na idade adulta. No Juda\u00EDsmo, a circuncis\u00E3o faz parte da lei religiosa e \u00E9 uma pr\u00E1tica comum entre mu\u00E7ulmanos, crist\u00E3os coptas e ortodoxos et\u00EDopes. O termo \"circuncis\u00E3o\" tem origem no latim circumcidere, que significa \"cortar \u00E0 volta\"."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . "Circuncis\u00E3o masculina \u00E9 a remo\u00E7\u00E3o do prep\u00FAcio do p\u00E9nis humano. No procedimento mais comum, o prep\u00FAcio \u00E9 aberto, as ader\u00EAncias removidas e a pele separada da glande. Posteriormente \u00E9 colocado um grampo pr\u00F3prio para estabilizar o p\u00E9nis e a pele do prep\u00FAcio \u00E9 cortada. O procedimento tamb\u00E9m pode ser realizado sem um instrumento pr\u00F3prio. Para diminuir as dores e a ansiedade pode por vezes ser usada anestesia local ou de aplica\u00E7\u00E3o t\u00F3pica, embora a anestesia geral seja tamb\u00E9m uma op\u00E7\u00E3o em adultos e crian\u00E7as. Na maior parte dos casos, a circuncis\u00E3o \u00E9 uma cirurgia planeada e realizada em beb\u00E9s e crian\u00E7as por motivos culturais e religiosos. No entanto, em alguns casos pode ser realizada como tratamento m\u00E9dico para uma s\u00E9rie de doen\u00E7as, entre as quais casos problem\u00E1ticos de fimose, infe\u00E7\u00F5es cr\u00F3nicas "@pt . "right"@en . . "Manlig omsk\u00E4relse"@sv . . . . . . . "La circoncisione (dal latino circumcidere, che significa \"tagliare intorno\") consiste nella rimozione chirurgica del prepuzio dal pene umano. In una procedura tipica il prepuzio viene separato dal glande; quindi il prepuzio viene rimosso; viene spesso realizzata una sutura mucosocutanea. Pu\u00F2 essere utilizzata un'anestesia topica o locale iniettata per alleviare il dolore e lo stress fisiologico. Per gli adulti e per i bambini non neonati l'anestesia generale pu\u00F2 essere un'opzione. La procedura \u00E8 pi\u00F9 spesso eseguita per motivi religiosi o preferenze personali, ma pu\u00F2 essere indicata anche per scopi terapeutici e di profilassi. \u00C8 considerata una opzione per il trattamento della fimosi patologica, della balanopostite refrattaria e per le infezioni croniche delle vie urinarie. \u00C8 invece controindicata nei casi in cui siano presenti anomalie della struttura genitale o cattive condizioni generali di salute. Le posizioni espresse dalle principali organizzazioni mediche di tutto il mondo sono variegate: in alcuni casi si ritiene che la circoncisione neonatale comporti un modesto beneficio per la salute, comunque superiore ai lievi rischi legati all'intervento; in altri casi, all'opposto, la si ritiene priva di alcun beneficio e anzi significativamente rischiosa per chi vi si sottopone. Nessuna grande organizzazione medica consiglia la circoncisione universale per tutti i maschi neonati, fatta eccezione per le raccomandazioni promosse dall'Organizzazione mondiale della sanit\u00E0 per alcune zone dell'Africa; tuttavia nemmeno la sconsigliano fortemente. Questioni etiche e giuridiche in materia di consenso informato e di autonomia decisionale sono state sollevate a proposito della circoncisione neonatale non terapeutica. Circa un terzo dei maschi di tutto il mondo \u00E8 circonciso. La procedura \u00E8 diffusa nel mondo musulmano e presso gli ebrei (dove \u00E8 quasi universale), negli Stati Uniti, in parte del sud-est asiatico e in Africa. \u00C8 invece relativamente rara in Europa, in America Latina, in alcune zone del Sudafrica e in gran parte dell'Asia. L'origine storica della circoncisione non \u00E8 nota con certezza e la pi\u00F9 antica testimonianza documentale proviene dall'Egitto. La pratica fa parte della legge ebraica ed \u00E8 una prassi consolidata per l'Islam e per la Chiesa copta."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Sunat"@in . . . "A circumcision performed in Central Asia, c. 1865\u20131872"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "0.2"^^ . "\uD560\uB840(\u5272\u79AE) \uB610\uB294 \uD3EC\uACBD\uC218\uC220(\u5305\u8396\u624B\u8853, circumcision)\uC740 \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uC74C\uACBD\uC5D0\uC11C \uD3EC\uD53C\uB97C \uC81C\uAC70\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC2DC\uC220\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uD3EC\uD53C(fore skin)\uB97C \uC5F4\uACE0 \uC720\uCC29\uC744 \uC81C\uAC70\uD558\uBA70 \uD3EC\uD53C(fore skin)\uB97C \uADC0\uB450(glans)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBD84\uB9AC\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC14\uBE4C\uB85C\uB2C8\uC544\uC778, \uC544\uC2DC\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uC148\uACC4(\u7CFB) \uC81C\uBBFC\uC871 \uBC0F \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC778\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC74C\uACBD(\u9670\u8396)\uC758 \uD3EC\uD53C\uC808\uC81C(\u5305\u76AE\u5207\u9664) \uC758\uC2DD\uC774\uC790, \uD3EC\uD53C\uB97C \uC81C\uAC70\uD574 \uADC0\uB450\uB97C \uAC15\uC81C\uB85C \uB178\uCD9C\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uD589\uC704\uC774\uB2E4. \uD658\uC0C1\uC808\uC81C\uC220(\u74B0\u72C0\u5207\u9664\u8853)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uBD80\uB974\uBA70 \uC601\uC5B4\uB85C, \uC11C\uCEF4\uC2DC\uC804(Circumcision)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB978\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC801(\u8D77\u6E90\u7684)\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uACB0\uD63C\uC744 \uC55E\uB454 \uB0A8\uC131\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uC0DD\uB9AC\uC801 \uC774\uC720, \uD639\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C \uC131\uC6D0(\u6210\u54E1)\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uC790\uACA9\uC744 \uC5BB\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uAC00\uC84C\uB358 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC0DD\uAC01\uB41C\uB2E4.\uC720\uB300\uC778\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C\uB294 \uC5B4\uB290 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC0DD\uD6C4 8\uC77C\uC9F8 \uB418\uB294 \uC720\uC544\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC2DC\uC220\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uAC1C\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uC2E0(\u795E) \uC57C\uD6FC(Jahweh, \uC5EC\uD638\uC640)\uC640 \uC774\uC2A4\uB77C\uC5D8 \uBBFC\uC871\uAC04\uC5D0 \uCCB4\uACB0\uB41C '\uACC4\uC57D\uC758 \uD45C\uC9D5'\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD3EC\uACBD\uC740 \uADC0\uB450\uAC00 \uD3EC\uD53C\uB85C \uB36E\uC5EC \uC788\uB294 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB97C \uB9D0\uD558\uB294\uB370, \uD3EC\uD53C\uC758 \uD6C4\uD1F4\uB098 \uBC1C\uAE30\uC2DC \uB4F1 \uD544\uC694\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uADC0\uB450\uAC00 \uB178\uCD9C\uB418\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB97C \uAC00\uC131\uD3EC\uACBD, \uC81C \uC6D0\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uD3EC\uD53C\uB97C \uD6C4\uD1F4\uC2DC\uCF1C\uB3C4 \uADC0\uB450\uAC00 \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uB178\uCD9C\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uAC70\uB098 \uBB34\uB9AC\uD574\uC11C \uB178\uCD9C\uC2DC\uD0AC \uACBD\uC6B0 \uC2EC\uD55C \uACE0\uD1B5\uC774 \uC218\uBC18\uB418\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB97C \uC9C4\uC131\uD3EC\uACBD\uC774\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . "Cirkumcido"@eo . "\u5272\u793C"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Manlig omsk\u00E4relse \u00E4r beteckningen p\u00E5 kirurgiskt avl\u00E4gsnande av hela eller delar av f\u00F6rhuden p\u00E5 mannens penis. Ingreppet utf\u00F6rs av medicinska, estetiska, religi\u00F6sa eller kulturella sk\u00E4l. Omsk\u00E4relsen f\u00F6rekommer p\u00E5 egyptiska avbildningar fr\u00E5n 2300 f.Kr. Den finns ocks\u00E5 dokumenterad hos Australiens ursprungsbefolkning aboriginer, som \u00E4ven utf\u00F6rde ett mer stympande ingrepp, kallat undersk\u00E4rning, p\u00E5 pojkarna. V\u00E4rldsh\u00E4lsoorganisationen, WHO, uppskattade 2007 att 30 procent av v\u00E4rldens m\u00E4n \u00E4r omskurna."@sv . . . . . . . . . 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\u03B4\u03CC\u03B3\u03BC\u03B1 \u03C4\u03C9\u03BD \u03C0\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03C0\u03AC\u03BD\u03C9 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD."@el . . "Obrzezanie (rzadziej cyrkumcyzja, \u0142ac. circumcisio, gr. \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE, peritom\u00E9 \u201Edoko\u0142a ci\u0105\u0107\u201D) \u2013 zabieg usuni\u0119cia napletka chroni\u0105cego \u017Co\u0142\u0105d\u017A pr\u0105cia zewn\u0119trznych narz\u0105d\u00F3w p\u0142ciowych m\u0119\u017Cczyzny, wykonywany g\u0142\u00F3wnie z powod\u00F3w religijnych. Rzadziej z przyczyn medycznych, kt\u00F3rymi jest, np. stulejka, za\u0142upek, nowotw\u00F3r. Zabieg obrzezania wyst\u0119puje w dw\u00F3ch g\u0142\u00F3wnych formach: \n* jako zabieg o charakterze medycznym, \n* jako rytua\u0142 lub cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 serii rytua\u0142\u00F3w. W sensie medycznym obrzezanie oznacza amputacj\u0119 co najmniej du\u017Cej cz\u0119\u015Bci napletka, czasem usuwane bywa te\u017C w\u0119dzide\u0142ko napletkowe (frenulum). Istniej\u0105 organizacje walcz\u0105ce o zaprzestanie praktyki obrzezania (zw\u0142aszcza noworodk\u00F3w), poniewa\u017C uwa\u017Caj\u0105 j\u0105 za pogwa\u0142cenie praw cz\u0142owieka. Obrzezanie rytualne wyst\u0119puje w dw\u00F3ch g\u0142\u00F3wnych postaciach: \n* jako rytua\u0142 o charakterze g\u0142\u00F3wnie religijnym (np. w judaizmie, w islamie), \n* jako element ."@pl . . . . . . . . "\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u4E5F\u7A31\u70BA\u5272\u5305\u76AE\uFF0C\u662F\u4EE5\u624B\u8853\u65B9\u5F0F\u5207\u9664\u4EBA\u985E\u9670\u8396\u90E8\u4EFD\u6216\u662F\u5168\u90E8\u7684\u5305\u76AE\u3002\u6709\u6642\u9670\u8396\u8179\u9762\u9760\u8FD1\u5C3F\u9053\u53E3\u7684\u5305\u76AE\u7E6B\u5E36\u4E5F\u4E00\u4F75\u5207\u9664\uFF0C\u7A31\u70BA\u300C\u300D\u3002\u5E38\u898B\u7684\u624B\u8853\u65B9\u5F0F\u662F\u5C07\u5305\u76AE\u6253\u958B\uFF0C\u6AA2\u67E5\u5F8C\u5C07\u5206\u958B\u5305\u76AE\u548C\u9F9F\u5934\uFF0C\u4E4B\u5F8C\u5C31\u5207\u9664\u524D\u7AEF\u6216\u662F\u5168\u90E8\u7684\u5305\u76AE\uFF0C\u4E2D\u9593\u4E5F\u53EF\u80FD\u6703\u914D\u5408\u9032\u884C\u624B\u8853\uFF08\u4F46\u4E0D\u4E00\u5B9A\u9700\u8981\uFF09\u3002\u624B\u8853\u6709\u6642\u6703\u9032\u884C\u5C40\u90E8\u9EBB\u9189\uFF0C\u4EE5\u6E1B\u8F15\u75BC\u75DB\u53CA\u58D3\u529B\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u53EF\u80FD\u9032\u884C\u5168\u8EAB\u9EBB\u9189\u3002\u5E38\u898B\u7684\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u662F\u5C0D\u5B30\u5152\u53CA\u5152\u7AE5\u9032\u884C\u7684\uFF0C\u56E0\u70BA\u4FE1\u4EF0\u6216\u662F\u6587\u5316\u4E0A\u7684\u7406\u7531\u800C\u9032\u884C\uFF08\u4F8B\u5982\u5272\u79AE\uFF09\u3002\u4E5F\u6709\u4E9B\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u662F\u70BA\u4E86\u6CBB\u7642\u6216\u662F\u9810\u9632\u7684\u539F\u56E0\u800C\u9032\u884C\u3002\u4EE5\u91AB\u5B78\u7684\u89D2\u5EA6\u4F86\u770B\uFF0C\u53EA\u6709\u5728\u5305\u76AE\u84CB\u4F4F\u9F9F\u5934\uFF08\u5305\u8396\uFF09\u5F15\u767C\u5176\u4ED6\u554F\u984C\u3001\u5176\u4ED6\u65B9\u5F0F\u7121\u6CD5\u6CBB\u7642\u7684\u9F9C\u982D\u708E\u6216\u662F\u6162\u6027\u6CCC\u5C3F\u9053\u611F\u67D3\uFF08UTI\uFF09\u7684\u60C5\u5F62\u4E0B\uFF0C\u624D\u6703\u7528\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u9032\u884C\u6CBB\u7642\u3002\u82E5\u662F\u6709\u5176\u4ED6\u751F\u6B96\u5668\u7D50\u69CB\u7684\u7570\u5E38\uFF0C\u6216\u662F\u885B\u751F\u689D\u4EF6\u4E0D\u4F73\u7684\u5730\u5340\uFF0C\u6703\u7981\u6B62\u4F7F\u7528\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u9032\u884C\u6CBB\u7642\u3002 \u4E16\u754C\u4E3B\u8981\u91AB\u7642\u6A5F\u69CB\u5C0D\u65BC\u975E\u6CBB\u7642\u7528\uFF0C\u5C0D\u5B30\u5E7C\u5152\u9032\u884C\u7684\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u6709\u4E0D\u540C\u7684\u7ACB\u5834\uFF0C\u6709\u4E9B\u8A8D\u70BA\u6C92\u6709\u76CA\u8655\u4E14\u6709\u76F8\u7576\u7684\u98A8\u96AA\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6709\u4E9B\u8A8D\u70BA\u6709\u4E00\u4E9B\u76CA\u8655\uFF0C\u76F8\u5C0D\u8D77\u4F86\u98A8\u96AA\u8F03\u5C0F\u3002\u4E16\u754C\u4E3B\u8981\u7684\u91AB\u7642\u6A5F\u69CB\u4E2D\uFF0C\u6C92\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u5EFA\u8B70\u5C0D\u6240\u6709\u7537\u6027\u9032\u884C\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\uFF08\u4E16\u754C\u885B\u751F\u7D44\u7E54\u5C0D\u4E9E\u6D32\u90E8\u4EFD\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5EFA\u8B70\u9664\u5916\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F46\u4E5F\u6C92\u6709\u4E00\u500B\u7981\u6B62\u9032\u884C\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u3002\u5728\u5C0D\u5B30\u5E7C\u5152\u9032\u884C\u975E\u6CBB\u7642\u7528\u7684\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853\u6642\uFF0C\u6703\u51FA\u73FE\u77E5\u60C5\u540C\u610F\u76F8\u95DC\u7684\u9053\u5FB7\u53CA\u6CD5\u5F8B\u554F\u984C\uFF0C\u4E5F\u6703\u6709\u4EBA\u6B0A\u4E0A\u7684\u554F\u984C\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . "right"@en . . . . . . . . . ""@en . "yes"@en . . . . . "\u041E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F (\u00AB\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043A\u0443\u043C\u0446\u0438\u0301\u0437\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u043B\u0430\u0442. circumcisio) \u2014 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043D \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438: \n* \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438); \n* \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u0433\u0443, \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0443 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432 (\u00AB\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043C\u0438\u043B\u0430\u00BB \u2014 \u0438\u0432\u0440. \u00AB\u0421\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u00BB) \u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D; \n* \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 (\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439). \n* \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0434\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u044F \u043A \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443). \u041E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E, \u0433\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0440\u044F \u043E\u0431 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438, \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043D. \u041A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044C \u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u043E\u0431 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0449\u0438\u043D, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u044C\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0438\u043D \u0436\u0435\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435."@ru . . "\uD560\uB840"@ko . . . . . "8718425"^^ . "Genesis 17:9\u201314"@en . . . . . . . "Circuncisi\u00F3n"@es . . . . . . . . "\uD560\uB840(\u5272\u79AE) \uB610\uB294 \uD3EC\uACBD\uC218\uC220(\u5305\u8396\u624B\u8853, circumcision)\uC740 \uC778\uAC04\uC758 \uC74C\uACBD\uC5D0\uC11C \uD3EC\uD53C\uB97C \uC81C\uAC70\uD558\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uB2E4. \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC2DC\uC220\uC5D0\uC11C\uB294 \uD3EC\uD53C(fore skin)\uB97C \uC5F4\uACE0 \uC720\uCC29\uC744 \uC81C\uAC70\uD558\uBA70 \uD3EC\uD53C(fore skin)\uB97C \uADC0\uB450(glans)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBD84\uB9AC\uD55C\uB2E4. \uBC14\uBE4C\uB85C\uB2C8\uC544\uC778, \uC544\uC2DC\uB9AC\uC544\uC778\uC744 \uC81C\uC678\uD55C \uC148\uACC4(\u7CFB) \uC81C\uBBFC\uC871 \uBC0F \uC774\uC9D1\uD2B8\uC778\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC77C\uBC18\uC801\uC778 \uC74C\uACBD(\u9670\u8396)\uC758 \uD3EC\uD53C\uC808\uC81C(\u5305\u76AE\u5207\u9664) \uC758\uC2DD\uC774\uC790, \uD3EC\uD53C\uB97C \uC81C\uAC70\uD574 \uADC0\uB450\uB97C \uAC15\uC81C\uB85C \uB178\uCD9C\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uD589\uC704\uC774\uB2E4. \uD658\uC0C1\uC808\uC81C\uC220(\u74B0\u72C0\u5207\u9664\u8853)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0\uB3C4 \uBD80\uB974\uBA70 \uC601\uC5B4\uB85C, \uC11C\uCEF4\uC2DC\uC804(Circumcision)\uC774\uB77C\uACE0 \uBD80\uB978\uB2E4. \uAE30\uC6D0\uC801(\u8D77\u6E90\u7684)\uC73C\uB85C\uB294 \uACB0\uD63C\uC744 \uC55E\uB454 \uB0A8\uC131\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uC0DD\uB9AC\uC801 \uC774\uC720, \uD639\uC740 \uC0AC\uD68C \uC131\uC6D0(\u6210\u54E1)\uC73C\uB85C\uC11C\uC758 \uC790\uACA9\uC744 \uC5BB\uB294\uB2E4\uB294 \uC758\uBBF8\uB97C \uAC00\uC84C\uB358 \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC0DD\uAC01\uB41C\uB2E4.\uC720\uB300\uC778\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5B4\uC11C\uB294 \uC5B4\uB290 \uC2DC\uAE30\uC5D0 \uC0DD\uD6C4 8\uC77C\uC9F8 \uB418\uB294 \uC720\uC544\uC5D0\uAC8C \uC2DC\uC220\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uAC1C\uC815\uB418\uC5B4 \uC2E0(\u795E) \uC57C\uD6FC(Jahweh, \uC5EC\uD638\uC640)\uC640 \uC774\uC2A4\uB77C\uC5D8 \uBBFC\uC871\uAC04\uC5D0 \uCCB4\uACB0\uB41C '\uACC4\uC57D\uC758 \uD45C\uC9D5'\uC73C\uB85C \uD574\uC11D\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uD3EC\uACBD\uC740 \uADC0\uB450\uAC00 \uD3EC\uD53C\uB85C \uB36E\uC5EC \uC788\uB294 \uC0C1\uD0DC\uB97C \uB9D0\uD558\uB294\uB370, \uD3EC\uD53C\uC758 \uD6C4\uD1F4\uB098 \uBC1C\uAE30\uC2DC \uB4F1 \uD544\uC694\uC5D0 \uB530\uB77C \uADC0\uB450\uAC00 \uB178\uCD9C\uB418\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB97C \uAC00\uC131\uD3EC\uACBD, \uC81C \uC6D0\uC778\uC73C\uB85C \uD3EC\uD53C\uB97C \uD6C4\uD1F4\uC2DC\uCF1C\uB3C4 \uADC0\uB450\uAC00 \uC81C\uB300\uB85C \uB178\uCD9C\uB418\uC9C0 \uC54A\uAC70\uB098 \uBB34\uB9AC\uD574\uC11C \uB178\uCD9C\uC2DC\uD0AC \uACBD\uC6B0 \uC2EC\uD55C \uACE0\uD1B5\uC774 \uC218\uBC18\uB418\uB294 \uACBD\uC6B0\uB97C \uC9C4\uC131\uD3EC\uACBD\uC774\uB77C \uD55C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . "170341"^^ . "Srovn\u00E1n\u00ED neob\u0159ezan\u00E9ho a ob\u0159ezan\u00E9ho penisu Mu\u017Esk\u00E1 ob\u0159\u00EDzka (cirkumcize) se \u0159ad\u00ED mezi mal\u00E9 chirurgick\u00E9 z\u00E1kroky. Je to z\u00E1krok, p\u0159i kter\u00E9m je odstran\u011Bna p\u0159edko\u017Eka \u2013 ko\u017En\u00ED \u0159asa, kter\u00E1 p\u0159ekr\u00FDv\u00E1 \u017Ealud penisu. Rozli\u0161uje se ob\u0159\u00EDzka \u010D\u00E1ste\u010Dn\u00E1 a \u00FApln\u00E1. Na cel\u00E9m sv\u011Bt\u011B je ob\u0159ez\u00E1na asi \u010Dtvrtina v\u0161ech mu\u017E\u016F, tento pod\u00EDl se v\u0161ak v jednotliv\u00FDch zem\u00EDch velmi li\u0161\u00ED. V USA bylo nap\u0159\u00EDklad v roce 2009 ob\u0159ez\u00E1no asi 75 % dosp\u011Bl\u00FDch mu\u017E\u016F (procento ka\u017Edoro\u010Dn\u011B kles\u00E1 - vlivem p\u0159ist\u011Bhovalc\u016F z latinoamerick\u00FDch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00FDch zem\u00ED), zat\u00EDmco ve Spojen\u00E9m kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED se toto \u010D\u00EDslo pohybuje kolem 12 %. Ob\u0159\u00EDzka je zcela b\u011B\u017En\u00E1 v africk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch a z n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FDch d\u016Fvod\u016F u \u017Eidovsk\u00FDch chlapc\u016F, kde je symbolickou smlouvou \u010Dlov\u011Bka s Bohem. B\u016Fh ulo\u017Eil Abrah\u00E1movi, aby se na znamen\u00ED smlouvy ob\u0159ezal. Od t\u00E9 doby je tak \u010Din\u011Bno \u017Eidovsk\u00FDm chlapc\u016Fm osm\u00FD den po narozen\u00ED (z\u00E1krok se naz\u00FDv\u00E1 brit mila). Ob\u0159\u00EDzku podstupuj\u00ED tak\u00E9 muslim\u0161t\u00ED chlapci, av\u0161ak v pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00EDm v\u011Bku 8 - 12 let, zpravidla p\u0159ed pubertou. Ob\u0159\u00EDzka d\u011Bt\u00ED p\u0159edstavuje nejvhodn\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED formu k proveden\u00ED tohoto z\u00E1kroku."@cs . . "Erdainkuntza"@eu . . . . . . . "Zirkumzision"@de . . . . . "Circumcision"@en . . . . . . . "Cirkumcido en multaj kulturoj estas ago kaj moro distran\u0109i a\u016D forigi prepucion de knaboj kaj knabinoj. Malgra\u016D la disvasti\u011Dinta opinio pri nepreco de cirkumcido por islamano, la sankta libro de islamanoj (Korano) ne mencias cirkumcidon. Por hebreoj cirkumcido (hebree \u05D1\u05E8\u05D9\u05EA \u05DE\u05D9\u05DC\u05D4, prononcu brit mila) estas ago, kiu simbolas la inter Dio kaj Izraelo. \u0108e la dogonoj kaj kelkaj aliaj afrikaj etnoj, viroj kaj virinoj estas supozataj posedi denaske amba\u016D seksojn. La klitoro estas konsiderata vira, dum la prepucio estas konsiderata ina. La ritoj de cirkumcido permesas tielmaniere atribui al \u0109iu individuo \u011Dian propran fizikan kaj seksan identecon. \u0108irka\u016D triono de \u0109iuj viroj en la mondo estas cirkumciditaj, kutime pro religia tradicio. La sola lando, kie plejmulto de cirkumcidoj okazas pro nereligiaj kialoj, estas Usono."@eo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041E\u0431\u0440\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0456"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Obrzezanie (rzadziej cyrkumcyzja, \u0142ac. circumcisio, gr. \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE, peritom\u00E9 \u201Edoko\u0142a ci\u0105\u0107\u201D) \u2013 zabieg usuni\u0119cia napletka chroni\u0105cego \u017Co\u0142\u0105d\u017A pr\u0105cia zewn\u0119trznych narz\u0105d\u00F3w p\u0142ciowych m\u0119\u017Cczyzny, wykonywany g\u0142\u00F3wnie z powod\u00F3w religijnych. Rzadziej z przyczyn medycznych, kt\u00F3rymi jest, np. stulejka, za\u0142upek, nowotw\u00F3r. Zabieg obrzezania wyst\u0119puje w dw\u00F3ch g\u0142\u00F3wnych formach: \n* jako zabieg o charakterze medycznym, \n* jako rytua\u0142 lub cz\u0119\u015B\u0107 serii rytua\u0142\u00F3w. Obrzezanie rytualne wyst\u0119puje w dw\u00F3ch g\u0142\u00F3wnych postaciach: \n* jako rytua\u0142 o charakterze g\u0142\u00F3wnie religijnym (np. w judaizmie, w islamie), \n* jako element ."@pl . . . . . . . "Sunat, khitan, atau sirkumsisi (bahasa Inggris: circumcision;bahasa Arab: \u062E\u062A\u0627\u0646\u200E, khit\u0101n) adalah tindakan memotong atau menghilangkan sebagian atau seluruh kulit penutup depan dari penis. Frenulum dari penis dapat juga dipotong secara bersamaan dalam prosedur yang dinamakan frenektomi. Kata sirkumsisi berasal dari bahasa Latin circum (berarti \"memutar\") dan caedere (berarti \"memotong\"). Para pendukung integritas genital mengecam semua tindakan sunat pada bayi karena menurut mereka itu adalah bentuk mutilasi genital pria yang dapat disamakan dengan sunat pada wanita yang dilarang di AS."@in . . . "\u5305\u76AE\u74B0\u5207\u8853"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . "Cirkumcido en multaj kulturoj estas ago kaj moro distran\u0109i a\u016D forigi prepucion de knaboj kaj knabinoj. Malgra\u016D la disvasti\u011Dinta opinio pri nepreco de cirkumcido por islamano, la sankta libro de islamanoj (Korano) ne mencias cirkumcidon. Por hebreoj cirkumcido (hebree \u05D1\u05E8\u05D9\u05EA \u05DE\u05D9\u05DC\u05D4, prononcu brit mila) estas ago, kiu simbolas la inter Dio kaj Izraelo. \u0108irka\u016D triono de \u0109iuj viroj en la mondo estas cirkumciditaj, kutime pro religia tradicio. La sola lando, kie plejmulto de cirkumcidoj okazas pro nereligiaj kialoj, estas Usono."@eo . . . "Zirkumzision (von lateinisch circumcisio \u201ABeschneidung\u2018), auch m\u00E4nnliche Beschneidung, ist die teilweise oder vollst\u00E4ndige Entfernung der m\u00E4nnlichen Vorhaut. Sie geh\u00F6rt zu den weltweit am h\u00E4ufigsten durchgef\u00FChrten k\u00F6rperlichen Eingriffen und wird meist aus religi\u00F6sen und kulturellen Beweggr\u00FCnden durchgef\u00FChrt, selten mit medizinischer Indikation. Gegenw\u00E4rtig sind sch\u00E4tzungsweise zwischen 33 % und 39 % der m\u00E4nnlichen Weltbev\u00F6lkerung beschnitten. Die Beschneidung von gesunden Kindern am achten Lebenstag gilt im Judentum als Gebot Gottes. Der Koran erw\u00E4hnt sie nicht ausdr\u00FCcklich. Dennoch ist sie in islamisch gepr\u00E4gten L\u00E4ndern als Sunna weit verbreitet und wird im Kindes- oder Jugendalter durchgef\u00FChrt. In einigen Gesellschaften ist die Beschneidung ein Initiationsritual; dieses Ritual symbolisiert die Aufnahme des Jugendlichen in die Gemeinschaft der erwachsenen M\u00E4nner. Die Zirkumzision ist eine von mehreren Behandlungsm\u00F6glichkeiten (s. z. B. Triple Inzision), die beispielsweise bei schweren Formen der pathologischen Phimose als indiziert gilt, wenn Behandlungsalternativen nicht erfolgversprechend sind oder zuvor keinen Heilungserfolg brachten. Die Zirkumzision als Routineeingriff ist besonders bei Minderj\u00E4hrigen umstritten, wenn auch nicht ann\u00E4hernd in einem Ma\u00DFe, das mit dem der universellen \u00C4chtung der Weiblichen Genitalverst\u00FCmmelung vergleichbar w\u00E4re. Von vielen Kinderschutzverb\u00E4nden und einem Teil der \u00C4rzteorganisationen wird die nicht medizinisch begr\u00FCndete Beschneidung abgelehnt, da sie den K\u00F6rper irreversibel ver\u00E4ndere und bei nicht einwilligungsf\u00E4higen Jungen nicht im Einklang mit Gesundheitsschutz und Kindeswohl stehe. Im angels\u00E4chsischen Bereich gibt es schon l\u00E4nger eine gesellschaftliche Debatte zwischen Gruppen von Gegnern der Beschneidung (\u201EIntaktivisten\u201C-Bewegung) und Bef\u00FCrwortern. Umstritten sind insbesondere medizinischer Nutzen und Risiken, bei Kindern auch ethische und rechtliche Aspekte sowie die Beurteilung im Hinblick auf die Menschenrechte, vor allem das Recht auf k\u00F6rperliche Unversehrtheit."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La circumcisi\u00F3 \u00E9s l'extirpaci\u00F3 total o parcial del prepuci, que cobreix el penis, deixant descobert el gland. En la majoria de casos el fre del prepuci tamb\u00E9 \u00E9s eliminat. El mot \"circumcisi\u00F3\" ve de les paraules llatines circum -que significa \"al voltant\"- i caedere -que significa \"tallar\". La circumcisi\u00F3 es realitza per diverses raons: culturals, m\u00E8diques i religioses."@ca . . . . "\u041E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435"@ru . "\u041E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0438\u043B\u0438 \u0445\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F (\u00AB\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043A\u0443\u043C\u0446\u0438\u0301\u0437\u0438\u044F\u00BB, \u043B\u0430\u0442. circumcisio) \u2014 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u043C\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432 \u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0436\u0447\u0438\u043D \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043F\u043B\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044F\u043C\u0438: \n* \u0441\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (\u0438\u043D\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0445 \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044E\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044F \u043F\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0447\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438); \n* \u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0432\u044F\u0449\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u043E\u0433\u0443, \u0432 \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043E\u044F\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u043E\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043E\u043C \u0443 \u0438\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0432 (\u00AB\u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043C\u0438\u043B\u0430\u00BB \u2014 \u0438\u0432\u0440. \u00AB\u0421\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u00BB) \u0438 \u043C\u0443\u0441\u0443\u043B\u044C\u043C\u0430\u043D; \n* \u043C\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 (\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043D\u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0435\u0434\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043A\u0430, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0438\u043B\u0430\u043A\u0442\u0438\u043A\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0439). \n* \u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (\u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u0440, \u043A\u0430\u043A \u0437\u043D\u0430\u043A \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0430\u0434\u043B\u0435\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043B\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043E\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u0432\u0440\u0435\u044F \u043A \u0441\u0432\u043E\u0435\u043C\u0443 \u043D\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0443)."@ru . . . . . . "350"^^ . . . . "Erdainkuntza edo zirkunzisioa zakilaren prepuzioaren ebakitzea edo erauztea da, eta horren ondorioz zakil-mokoa agerian geratzea. Erdainkuntzaren kausa ohikoenak erlijiosoak, kulturalak edo osasunekoak dira. OMEren arabera, 2006an munduko gizonetatik % 30 erdaindua zegoen. Zirkunzisio hitza latinetik dator, eta ingurukoa (circum) moztea (c\u00E6dere) esan nahi du. Lehenengo deskribapenak labar-pinturan eta Antzinako Egiptoko hilobietan aurkitu dira."@eu . . . 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\uFF0C\u610F\u601D\u662F\u300C\u7ED5\u8457\u6771\u897F\u5207\u958B\u300D\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1015820"^^ . "Circumcision"@en . "#FFF8E7"@en . . . . . . . "La circumcisi\u00F3 \u00E9s l'extirpaci\u00F3 total o parcial del prepuci, que cobreix el penis, deixant descobert el gland. En la majoria de casos el fre del prepuci tamb\u00E9 \u00E9s eliminat. El mot \"circumcisi\u00F3\" ve de les paraules llatines circum -que significa \"al voltant\"- i caedere -que significa \"tallar\". La circumcisi\u00F3 es realitza per diverses raons: culturals, m\u00E8diques i religioses."@ca . . "Circumcisie"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "\u03A0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE \u03BF\u03BD\u03BF\u03BC\u03AC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BF\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03BF\u03C2 \u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03C9\u03C4\u03B7\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03C3\u03BC\u03CC\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C6\u03C5\u03C3\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BC\u03CC\u03C1\u03C6\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B1\u03BD\u03B4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BC\u03BF\u03C1\u03AF\u03BF\u03C5, \u03C3\u03C5\u03B3\u03BA\u03B5\u03BA\u03C1\u03B9\u03BC\u03AD\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B5\u03AF\u03BD\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03B1\u03C0\u03BF\u03BA\u03BF\u03C0\u03AE (\u03B1\u03C6\u03B1\u03AF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7) \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03CC\u03C3\u03B8\u03B7\u03C2 \u03AE \u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03B8\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 (\u03B1\u03C1\u03C7. \u03B1\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03B2\u03C5\u03C3\u03C4\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2), \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03C4\u03CD\u03C7\u03C9\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B4\u03B7\u03BB\u03B1\u03B4\u03AE \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B4\u03AD\u03C1\u03BC\u03B1\u03C4\u03BF\u03C2 \u03C0\u03BF\u03C5 \u03BA\u03B1\u03BB\u03CD\u03C0\u03C4\u03B5\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B2\u03AC\u03BB\u03B1\u03BD\u03BF \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03C0\u03AD\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2, \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5 \u03B5\u03BE\u03C9\u03C4\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B1\u03BD\u03B4\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03B3\u03B5\u03BD\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03B9\u03BA\u03BF\u03CD \u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03AC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5. \u0397 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE \u03B5\u03BE\u03C5\u03C0\u03B7\u03C1\u03B5\u03C4\u03B5\u03AF \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03BC\u03AF\u03B1 \u03AC\u03C0\u03BF\u03C8\u03B7 \u03BB\u03CC\u03B3\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 \u03C5\u03B3\u03B9\u03B5\u03B9\u03BD\u03AE\u03C2: \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B1\u03C6\u03B1\u03AF\u03C1\u03B5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C0\u03CC\u03C3\u03B8\u03B7\u03C2 \u03BC\u03B5\u03B9\u03CE\u03BD\u03BF\u03BD\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03C0\u03B9\u03B8\u03B1\u03BD\u03CC\u03C4\u03B7\u03C4\u03B5\u03C2 \u03BC\u03CC\u03BB\u03C5\u03BD\u03C3\u03B7\u03C2 \u03B1\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03B7 \u03C3\u03C5\u03C3\u03C3\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C5\u03C3\u03B7 \u03BC\u03B9\u03BA\u03C1\u03BF\u03BF\u03C1\u03B3\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03C3\u03BC\u03CE\u03BD \u03AE \u03BE\u03AD\u03BD\u03C9\u03BD \u03C3\u03C9\u03BC\u03AC\u03C4\u03C9\u03BD (\u03C3\u03BA\u03CC\u03BD\u03B7\u03C2, \u03BA\u03BB\u03C0.). \u0391\u03BD \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03B7 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE \u03B4\u03B5 \u03C3\u03C5\u03BD\u03B4\u03AD\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03BC\u03CC\u03BD\u03BF \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03B7 \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03CC\u03C0\u03C9\u03C2 \u03BF\u03B9 \u0397\u03A0\u0391,\u03BF\u03B9 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03AD\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03C4\u03AC \u03C0\u03BB\u03B5\u03B9\u03BF\u03C8\u03B7\u03C6\u03AF\u03B1 \u03C7\u03C1\u03B9\u03C3\u03C4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AD\u03C2 \u03C7\u03CE\u03C1\u03B5\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A5\u03C0\u03BF\u03C3\u03B1\u03C7\u03AC\u03C1\u03B9\u03B1\u03C2 \u0391\u03C6\u03C1\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u039A\u03B1\u03C1\u03B1\u03CA\u03B2\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE\u03C2 \u03B5\u03C6\u03B1\u03C1\u03BC\u03CC\u03B6\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03B5 \u03C0\u03BF\u03BB\u03BB\u03AC \u03BD\u03B5\u03BF\u03B3\u03AD\u03BD\u03BD\u03B7\u03C4\u03B1 \u03AC\u03C3\u03C7\u03B5\u03C4\u03B1 \u03BC\u03B5 \u03C4\u03BF \u03B8\u03C1\u03AE\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03C5\u03BC\u03B1, \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7\u03BD \u03B5\u03B2\u03C1\u03B1\u03CA\u03BA\u03AE \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C3\u03C4\u03B7 \u03BC\u03BF\u03C5\u03C3\u03BF\u03C5\u03BB\u03BC\u03B1\u03BD\u03B9\u03BA\u03AE \u03B8\u03C1\u03B7\u03C3\u03BA\u03B5\u03AF\u03B1 \u03BF\u03B9 \u03B3\u03BF\u03BD\u03B5\u03AF\u03C2 \u03BF\u03C6\u03B5\u03AF\u03BB\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03BD\u03B1 \u03C0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03AD\u03BC\u03BD\u03BF\u03C5\u03BD \u03C4\u03B1 \u03AC\u03C1\u03C1\u03B5\u03BD\u03B1 \u03B2\u03C1\u03AD\u03C6\u03B7 \u03C4\u03BF\u03C5\u03C2 (\u03C3"@el . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Topical or locally injected anesthesia is generally used to reduce pain and physiologic stress. It is usually elective, performed as preventive healthcare, a religious rite, or cultural practice. It is also an option for cases of phimosis, other pathologies that do not resolve with other treatments, and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). The procedure is contraindicated in cases of certain genital structure abnormalities or poor general health."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "La circoncision, en latin : circumcisio, \u00AB fait de couper autour, d\u00E9coupe \u00BB, d\u00E9signe, dans sa forme la plus r\u00E9pandue, l\u2019ablation totale ou partielle du pr\u00E9puce, en supprimant ainsi ses fonctions et laissant le gland du p\u00E9nis en permanence \u00E0 d\u00E9couvert. Selon l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00E9 (OMS), en 2009, 661 millions d\u2019hommes de plus de 15 ans seraient circoncis, soit environ 30 % de la population masculine adulte mondiale. La circoncision peut \u00EAtre effectu\u00E9e pour des raisons th\u00E9rapeutiques, notamment dans le traitement des phimosis et des paraphimosis ; elle est alors appel\u00E9e \u00AB posthectomie \u00BB (du grec posthe : pr\u00E9puce ; ectomie : excision). La circoncision rituelle a \u00E9t\u00E9 pratiqu\u00E9e pour des motifs culturels et religieux depuis l'Antiquit\u00E9 en \u00C9gypte antique puis dans le juda\u00EFsme et l'islam. Ce rite est \u00E9galement en usage chez certaines communaut\u00E9s chr\u00E9tiennes (notamment orientales). La circoncision requiert syst\u00E9matiquement des conditions incontournables d'hygi\u00E8ne et d'asepsie, ainsi qu'une prise en charge de la douleur adapt\u00E9e, y compris lors des pratiques rituelles, ce qui est loin d'\u00EAtre universellement pratiqu\u00E9. En effet, l'OMS souligne que \u00AB les circoncisions pour des raisons religieuses ou traditionnelles se d\u00E9roulent souvent en milieu non m\u00E9dicalis\u00E9 bien que, dans certaines cultures, elles aient de plus en plus lieu dans un cadre m\u00E9dical \u00BB. Certaines populations pratiquent la circoncision pour des motifs davantage culturels que religieux, invoquant des raisons d'hygi\u00E8ne, de r\u00E9duction des risques d\u2019infection, mais \u00E9galement par tradition, coh\u00E9sion sociale, identit\u00E9, ou encore masculinit\u00E9, \u00E0 l'instar des \u00C9tats-Unis, des Philippines, ou de la Cor\u00E9e du Sud, pays dans lesquels la majorit\u00E9 des hommes sont circoncis. La pratique de la circoncision s\u2019est accrue dans le monde occidental au d\u00E9but du XXe si\u00E8cle jusqu'\u00E0 devenir une op\u00E9ration de routine sur les nouveau-n\u00E9s, mais elle y est toutefois en baisse forte mais variable depuis la seconde moiti\u00E9 du XXe si\u00E8cle sauf aux \u00C9tats-Unis. Les positions des organisations m\u00E9dicales \u00E0 propos de la circoncision prophylactique (pr\u00E9vention des maladies) des enfants et des adultes sont diverses et contradictoires. En effet, l'OMS et ONUSIDA recommandent la circoncision \u00E0 tout \u00E2ge afin de contrer le sida dans les zones \u00E0 haute pr\u00E9valence, quand l\u2019Acad\u00E9mie am\u00E9ricaine de p\u00E9diatrie indique que \u00AB les avantages de la circoncision des nouveau-n\u00E9s surpassent les risques \u00BB et les Centres pour le contr\u00F4le et la pr\u00E9vention des maladies estiment que le personnel m\u00E9dical devrait informer tous les parents de gar\u00E7ons ainsi que tous les adolescents et hommes adultes non circoncis sur les b\u00E9n\u00E9fices m\u00E9dicaux de la circoncision. Ces prises de position ont \u00E9t\u00E9 contredites par les repr\u00E9sentants de nombreuses associations m\u00E9dicales (essentiellement en Europe), l'organisation su\u00E9doise estimant m\u00EAme que la circoncision non th\u00E9rapeutique de mineurs devrait \u00EAtre interdite. G\u00E9n\u00E9ralement pratiqu\u00E9e sur des enfants sans motifs m\u00E9dicaux imp\u00E9rieux, la circoncision soul\u00E8ve en effet \u00E0 travers le monde de nombreuses questions li\u00E9es \u00E0 l'\u00E9thique, et elle est l'objet de controverses et de d\u00E9bats juridiques. C'est ainsi que le Conseil de l'Europe consid\u00E8re les circoncisions religieuses d'enfants comme une violation de leur int\u00E9grit\u00E9 physique."@fr . . . "Manlig omsk\u00E4relse \u00E4r beteckningen p\u00E5 kirurgiskt avl\u00E4gsnande av hela eller delar av f\u00F6rhuden p\u00E5 mannens penis. Ingreppet utf\u00F6rs av medicinska, estetiska, religi\u00F6sa eller kulturella sk\u00E4l. Omsk\u00E4relsen f\u00F6rekommer p\u00E5 egyptiska avbildningar fr\u00E5n 2300 f.Kr. Den finns ocks\u00E5 dokumenterad hos Australiens ursprungsbefolkning aboriginer, som \u00E4ven utf\u00F6rde ett mer stympande ingrepp, kallat undersk\u00E4rning, p\u00E5 pojkarna. V\u00E4rldsh\u00E4lsoorganisationen, WHO, uppskattade 2007 att 30 procent av v\u00E4rldens m\u00E4n \u00E4r omskurna."@sv . . "D002944"@en . . "V50.2"@en . . . "1124954535"^^ . . "Circoncisione"@it . . . "Circumcisie, mannenbesnijdenis of jongensbesnijdenis is het rondom verwijderen van de voorhuid (preputium) van de menselijke penis. Volgens schattingen was in 2006 circa 30% van alle mannen wereldwijd besneden (circa 665 miljoen mannen). De ingreep kan om medisch-therapeutische, medisch-preventieve, religieuze of culturele redenen worden uitgevoerd. Circumcisie is een Latijns woord samengesteld uit circum (rondom) en cisie (snijden)."@nl . . . . . . "\u5272\u793C\uFF08\u304B\u3064\u308C\u3044\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u7537\u6027\u3082\u3057\u304F\u306F\u5973\u6027\u306E\u4E00\u90E8\u3092\u5207\u958B\u3042\u308B\u3044\u306F\u5207\u9664\uFF08\u5834\u5408\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306F\u6027\u5668\u53E3\u3092\u5C01\u9396\uFF09\u3059\u308B\u5916\u79D1\u7684\u65BD\u8853\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u5272\u793C\u306E\u7FD2\u6163\u306F\u3001\u30E6\u30C0\u30E4\u6559\u5F92\u3001\u30A4\u30B9\u30E9\u30FC\u30E0\u6559\u5F92\u3001\u8D64\u9053\u6CBF\u3044\u306E\u30A2\u30D5\u30EA\u30AB\u539F\u4F4F\u6C11\u306A\u3069\u306E\u9593\u306B\u898B\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3002\u5272\u793C\u306E\u6B74\u53F2\u306F\u53E4\u304F\u3001\u7D00\u5143\u524D\u306E\u8CC7\u6599\u306B\u307E\u3067\u9061\u308B\u3002\u5272\u793C\u306F\u5358\u306B\u500B\u4EBA\u306B\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u7FD2\u6163\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u901A\u904E\u5100\u793C\u30FB\u96C6\u56E3\u898F\u7BC4\u3068\u95A2\u9023\u3059\u308B\u30B1\u30FC\u30B9\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002 \u5973\u6027\u5668\u5207\u9664\uFF08female circumcision\uFF09\u3092\u300E\u5973\u5B50\u5272\u793C\u300F\u3068\u79F0\u3059\u4E8B\u304C\u3042\u308B\u304C\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306E\u5272\u793C\uFF08circumcision\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u5B97\u6559\u7684\u80CC\u666F\u304C\u7570\u306A\u308B\u3002\u307E\u305F\u3001\u7537\u5B50\u306E\u5272\u793C\u304C\u5305\u76AE\u306E\u307F\u3092\u5207\u9664\u3057\u3001\u9670\u830E\u4E80\u982D\u3092\u9732\u51FA\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3060\u3051\u3067\u3042\u308B\u305F\u3081\u6BD4\u8F03\u7684\u7121\u5BB3\u3067\u3042\u308B\u306E\u306B\u5BFE\u3057\u3001\u5973\u6027\u5668\u5207\u9664\u306F\u30AF\u30EA\u30C8\u30EA\u30B9\u672C\u4F53\u3084\u5C0F\u9670\u5507\u3001\u5927\u9670\u5507\u3092\u5207\u9664\u3059\u308B\u305F\u3081\u3001\u751F\u6B7B\u306B\u95A2\u308F\u308B\u8CA0\u62C5\u3084\u751F\u6DAF\u306B\u308F\u305F\u308B\u82E6\u75DB\u306A\u3069\u306E\u7406\u7531\u3067\u5148\u9032\u56FD\u3067\u306F\u60AA\u7FD2\u3068\u6279\u5224\u3055\u308C\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . "2998"^^ . . "La circoncisione (dal latino circumcidere, che significa \"tagliare intorno\") consiste nella rimozione chirurgica del prepuzio dal pene umano. In una procedura tipica il prepuzio viene separato dal glande; quindi il prepuzio viene rimosso; viene spesso realizzata una sutura mucosocutanea. Pu\u00F2 essere utilizzata un'anestesia topica o locale iniettata per alleviare il dolore e lo stress fisiologico. Per gli adulti e per i bambini non neonati l'anestesia generale pu\u00F2 essere un'opzione. La procedura \u00E8 pi\u00F9 spesso eseguita per motivi religiosi o preferenze personali, ma pu\u00F2 essere indicata anche per scopi terapeutici e di profilassi. \u00C8 considerata una opzione per il trattamento della fimosi patologica, della balanopostite refrattaria e per le infezioni croniche delle vie urinarie. \u00C8 invece cont"@it . . "Erdainkuntza edo zirkunzisioa zakilaren prepuzioaren ebakitzea edo erauztea da, eta horren ondorioz zakil-mokoa agerian geratzea. Erdainkuntzaren kausa ohikoenak erlijiosoak, kulturalak edo osasunekoak dira. OMEren arabera, 2006an munduko gizonetatik % 30 erdaindua zegoen. Zirkunzisio hitza latinetik dator, eta ingurukoa (circum) moztea (c\u00E6dere) esan nahi du. Lehenengo deskribapenak labar-pinturan eta Antzinako Egiptoko hilobietan aurkitu dira. Judaismoan erdainkuntza (brit milah deitua) jainkoaren agindutzat hartzen da. Islamean, Koranean ez agertu arren, asko praktikatzen da eta sinestun gehienek sunnahtzat hartzen dute. Afrikako zenbait elizatan eta ekialdeko eliza ortodoxoetan ere tradizionala da."@eu . "La circuncisi\u00F3n \u2014del lat\u00EDn circumc\u012Bsi\u014D, -\u014Dnis, vocablo compuesto a su vez por circum- \u2018alrededor\u2019 y cisio \u2018cortar\u2019\u2014 es una operaci\u00F3n quir\u00FArgica que consiste en cortar una porci\u00F3n o la totalidad del prepucio del pene humano. Se practica principalmente por motivos rituales o m\u00E9dicos. Cuando se realiza como procedimiento m\u00E9dico se denomina postectom\u00EDa. La circuncisi\u00F3n se puede realizar por razones terap\u00E9uticas, especialmente en el tratamiento para balanopostitis cr\u00F3nica, infecciones virales, corregir la fimosis o la parafimosis.\u200B La OMS considera la circuncisi\u00F3n masculina como parte de un conjunto m\u00E1s amplio de medidas para la prevenci\u00F3n de la infecci\u00F3n por VIH. Estas medidas incluir\u00EDan la promoci\u00F3n de pr\u00E1cticas sexuales seguras y el uso del preservativo. Por tanto la circuncisi\u00F3n no sustituye a otros m\u00E9todos de eficacia probada, como por ejemplo, el uso sistem\u00E1tico y correcto del preservativo. \u200B\u200B Existen diferentes formas de efectuar la circuncisi\u00F3n, seg\u00FAn el lugar donde se realiza el corte y la cantidad de prepucio eliminado. Por regla general, una vez realizada, el glande queda permanentemente descubierto. La circuncisi\u00F3n plantea algunos problemas \u00E9ticos y es causa de controversia y de debate m\u00E9dico y legal en todo el mundo.\u200B\u200B Se han planteado cuestiones \u00E9ticas y legales sobre el consentimiento informado y los derechos humanos sobre la circuncisi\u00F3n de beb\u00E9s y ni\u00F1os por razones no terap\u00E9uticas. El Consejo de Europa considera que la circuncisi\u00F3n ritual efectuada a los ni\u00F1os sin una raz\u00F3n terap\u00E9utica es una violaci\u00F3n a su integridad f\u00EDsica. Ninguna organizaci\u00F3n m\u00E9dica importante recomienda la circuncisi\u00F3n universal de todos los varones, ni tampoco su prohibici\u00F3n. Las posiciones de las principales organizaciones m\u00E9dicas del mundo var\u00EDan desde la que considera la circuncisi\u00F3n facultativa de beb\u00E9s y ni\u00F1os como una pr\u00E1ctica que carece tanto de riesgos como de beneficios significativos,\u200B hasta la que sostiene que el procedimiento tiene un modesto beneficio para la salud que supera a los riesgos. Muchos cient\u00EDficos argumentan que la circuncisi\u00F3n disminuye el riesgo de infecci\u00F3n por VIH y todo tipo de infecciones de transmisi\u00F3n sexual.\u200B"@es . . . "Zirkumzision (von lateinisch circumcisio \u201ABeschneidung\u2018), auch m\u00E4nnliche Beschneidung, ist die teilweise oder vollst\u00E4ndige Entfernung der m\u00E4nnlichen Vorhaut. Sie geh\u00F6rt zu den weltweit am h\u00E4ufigsten durchgef\u00FChrten k\u00F6rperlichen Eingriffen und wird meist aus religi\u00F6sen und kulturellen Beweggr\u00FCnden durchgef\u00FChrt, selten mit medizinischer Indikation."@de . . . . . . . . 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064A\u064A\u0646\u060C \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062D\u062F \u0645\u0627 \u064A\u062C\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064A\u062E\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062E\u062A\u064A\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062F \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062A \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062E\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064A\u0627\u062A \u0627\u0644\u062D\u064A\u0648\u064A\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629\u060C \u0648\u062D\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062C\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062A\u060C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062F\u064A\u0646\u064A\u0629 \u062D\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062A."@ar . "Timpeallghearradh"@ga . . "Is \u00E9ard is timpeallghearradh fireann ann (\u00F3n Laidin circumcidere, a chialla\u00EDonn \"gearradh timpeall\") n\u00E1 an (prepuce) a bhaint \u00F3n mbod, tr\u00E9 ghn\u00E1thamh m\u00E1inliachta."@ga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "And God said to Abraham,\n\n\"As for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations. This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your offspring after you: Every male among you shall be circumcised. You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you. He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised. Every male throughout your generations, whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring, both he who is born in your house and he who is bought with your money, shall surely be circumcised. So shall my covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.\""@en . . . "Is \u00E9ard is timpeallghearradh fireann ann (\u00F3n Laidin circumcidere, a chialla\u00EDonn \"gearradh timpeall\") n\u00E1 an (prepuce) a bhaint \u00F3n mbod, tr\u00E9 ghn\u00E1thamh m\u00E1inliachta."@ga . . . 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"Srovn\u00E1n\u00ED neob\u0159ezan\u00E9ho a ob\u0159ezan\u00E9ho penisu Mu\u017Esk\u00E1 ob\u0159\u00EDzka (cirkumcize) se \u0159ad\u00ED mezi mal\u00E9 chirurgick\u00E9 z\u00E1kroky. Je to z\u00E1krok, p\u0159i kter\u00E9m je odstran\u011Bna p\u0159edko\u017Eka \u2013 ko\u017En\u00ED \u0159asa, kter\u00E1 p\u0159ekr\u00FDv\u00E1 \u017Ealud penisu. Rozli\u0161uje se ob\u0159\u00EDzka \u010D\u00E1ste\u010Dn\u00E1 a \u00FApln\u00E1. Na cel\u00E9m sv\u011Bt\u011B je ob\u0159ez\u00E1na asi \u010Dtvrtina v\u0161ech mu\u017E\u016F, tento pod\u00EDl se v\u0161ak v jednotliv\u00FDch zem\u00EDch velmi li\u0161\u00ED. V USA bylo nap\u0159\u00EDklad v roce 2009 ob\u0159ez\u00E1no asi 75 % dosp\u011Bl\u00FDch mu\u017E\u016F (procento ka\u017Edoro\u010Dn\u011B kles\u00E1 - vlivem p\u0159ist\u011Bhovalc\u016F z latinoamerick\u00FDch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00FDch zem\u00ED), zat\u00EDmco ve Spojen\u00E9m kr\u00E1lovstv\u00ED se toto \u010D\u00EDslo pohybuje kolem 12 %. Ob\u0159\u00EDzka je zcela b\u011B\u017En\u00E1 v africk\u00FDch zem\u00EDch a z n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FDch d\u016Fvod\u016F u \u017Eidovsk\u00FDch chlapc\u016F, kde je symbolickou smlouvou \u010Dlov\u011Bka s Bohem. B\u016Fh ulo\u017Eil Abrah\u00E1movi, aby se na znamen\u00ED smlouvy ob\u0159ezal. Od t\u00E9 doby je tak \u010Din\u011Bno \u017Eidovsk\u00FDm chlapc\u016F"@cs . . . . . . . . . . "Sunat, khitan, atau sirkumsisi (bahasa Inggris: circumcision;bahasa Arab: \u062E\u062A\u0627\u0646\u200E, khit\u0101n) adalah tindakan memotong atau menghilangkan sebagian atau seluruh kulit penutup depan dari penis. Frenulum dari penis dapat juga dipotong secara bersamaan dalam prosedur yang dinamakan frenektomi. Kata sirkumsisi berasal dari bahasa Latin circum (berarti \"memutar\") dan caedere (berarti \"memotong\"). Sunat telah dilakukan sejak zaman prasejarah, diamati dari gambar-gambar di gua yang berasal dari Zaman Batu dan makam Mesir purba. Alasan tindakan ini masih belum jelas pada masa itu tetapi teori-teori memperkirakan bahwa tindakan ini merupakan bagian dari ritual pengorbanan atau persembahan, tanda penyerahan pada Yang Mahakuasa, langkah menuju kedewasaan, tanda kekalahan atau perbudakan, atau upaya untuk mengubah estetika atau seksualitas. Sunat pada laki-laki diwajibkan pada agama Islam dan Yahudi. Praktik ini juga terdapat di kalangan mayoritas penduduk Korea Selatan, Amerika, dan Filipina Menurut literatur AMA tahun 1999, orang tua di AS memilih untuk melakukan sunat pada anaknya terutama disebabkan alasan sosial atau budaya dibandingkan karena alasan kesehatan. Akan tetapi, survei tahun 2001 menunjukkan bahwa 23,5% orang tua melakukannya dengan alasan kesehatan. Para pendukung integritas genital mengecam semua tindakan sunat pada bayi karena menurut mereka itu adalah bentuk mutilasi genital pria yang dapat disamakan dengan sunat pada wanita yang dilarang di AS. Beberapa ahli berargumen bahwa sunat bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, namun hal ini hanya berlaku jika pasien terbukti secara klinis mengidap penyakit yang berhubungan dengan kelamin. Beberapa penyakit yang kemungkinan besar memerlukan sunat untuk mempercepat penyembuhan seperti pendarahan dan kanker penis, namun, kedua hal ini jarang terjadi.Penyakit fimosis juga bisa diatasi dengan sunat, walaupun sekarang juga telah berkembang teknik yang lainnya. Pada tahun 2012, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS mengeluarkan studi para ahli mereka yang menunjukkan bahwa manfaat kesehatan dari sunat laki-laki yang baru lahir lebih besar daripada risikonya. Manfaat khusus dari sunat laki-laki antara lain untuk pencegahan infeksi saluran kemih, penularan HIV, penularan beberapa infeksi menular seksual, dan kanker penis. Sunat pada anak laki-laki tidak mempengaruhi fungsi/sensitivitas seksual penis atau kepuasan seksual."@in . "Circoncision"@fr . . . . . . . "\u03A0\u03B5\u03C1\u03B9\u03C4\u03BF\u03BC\u03AE"@el . . . . . . . . . . "Circumcisi\u00F3"@ca . . . . . "Circumcision is a procedure that removes the foreskin from the human penis. In the most common form of the operation, the foreskin is extended with forceps, then a circumcision device may be placed, after which the foreskin is excised. Topical or locally injected anesthesia is generally used to reduce pain and physiologic stress. It is usually elective, performed as preventive healthcare, a religious rite, or cultural practice. It is also an option for cases of phimosis, other pathologies that do not resolve with other treatments, and chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). The procedure is contraindicated in cases of certain genital structure abnormalities or poor general health. Circumcision is associated with reduced rates of sexually transmitted infections and urinary tract infections. This includes decreasing the incidence of cancer-causing forms of human papillomavirus (HPV) and significantly reducing HIV transmission among heterosexual men within high risk populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UNAIDS recommend circumcision as part of a comprehensive HIV transmission program in areas with high endemic rates of HIV. The WHO does not recommend circumcision for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men; effectiveness of using circumcision to prevent HIV in the developed world is unclear. Neonatal circumcision also decreases the risk of rare penile cancer. Complication rates are higher when the procedure is performed on older people. A 2010 review found circumcisions performed by medical providers to have a typical complication rate of 1.5% for babies and 6% for older children, with few cases of severe complications. Bleeding, infection, and the removal of either too much or too little foreskin are the most common acute complications. Meatal stenosis is the most common long term complication. Major medical organizations hold widely variant perspectives on the bioethics, cost-effectiveness, and the prophylactic efficacy related to the elective circumcision of minors. The World Health Organization (WHO), UNAIDS, and American medical organizations take the position that it carries prophylactic health benefits which outweigh small risks, while European medical organizations generally hold the belief that in these situations its medical benefits are not counterbalanced by risk. Prophylactic circumcision originated in England during the 1850s, becoming initially established as a way to preventing sexually transmitted infections. Beyond use as a prophylactic or treatment option in healthcare, circumcision also plays a major role in many of the world's cultures and religions; it is most prominently performed in Judaism and Islam. Circumcision is among the most important commandments in Judaism. There are varying cultural, ethical, and social views on the practice. Campaigns of Jewish ethnic, cultural, and religious persecution have repeatedly included bans on the practice as an attempted means of forceful assimilation, conversion, and ethnocide, including in the Maccabean Revolt. It has also played a major role in Christian history and theology, although among the vast majority of Christian denominations it is not considered a practice that is obligatory or recommended for religious reasons. Circumcised men are presently estimated to constitute around 38% of the world's male population. It is widespread in Australia, Canada, Africa, parts of Southeast Asia, the United States, South Korea, and New Zealand. It is relatively rare for non-religious reasons in Latin America, parts of Southern Africa, Europe, and most of Asia. The origin of circumcision is not known with certainty; the oldest documentation comes from ancient Egypt."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Restoring indef semi"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "94.0"^^ . . . . . . . . "La circoncision, en latin : circumcisio, \u00AB fait de couper autour, d\u00E9coupe \u00BB, d\u00E9signe, dans sa forme la plus r\u00E9pandue, l\u2019ablation totale ou partielle du pr\u00E9puce, en supprimant ainsi ses fonctions et laissant le gland du p\u00E9nis en permanence \u00E0 d\u00E9couvert. Selon l\u2019Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00E9 (OMS), en 2009, 661 millions d\u2019hommes de plus de 15 ans seraient circoncis, soit environ 30 % de la population masculine adulte mondiale."@fr .