. . . . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D (\u753A\u4EBA\u9053, ch\u014Dnin-d\u014D) emerged as a way of life of the ch\u014Dnin (\u753A\u4EBA, townsman, merchant, tradesman, trading class) during the Edo period of Japanese history. It was a distinct culture that arose in cities such as Osaka, Kyoto, and Edo. It encouraged aspiration to bushid\u014D (way of the warrior) qualities\u2014diligence, honesty, honor, loyalty, and frugality\u2014while blending Shinto, Neo-Confucian, and Buddhist beliefs. Study of mathematics, astronomy, cartography, engineering, and medicine were also encouraged. Emphasis was placed on quality of workmanship, especially in the arts. For the first time, urban populations had the means and leisure time to support a new mass culture. Their search for enjoyment became known as ukiyo (the floating world), an ideal world of fashion and popular entertainmen"@en . . . . . . . . . "1858"^^ . . . . . . . "3005185"^^ . . . . . "Le ch\u014Dnind\u014D (\u753A\u4EBA\u9053, ch\u014Dnin-d\u014D) appara\u00EEt comme le mode de vie des ch\u014Dnin (\u753A\u4EBA, \u00AB citadin, marchand, commer\u00E7ant \u00BB) au cours de l'\u00E9poque d'Edo du Japon. C'est une culture diff\u00E9rente qui se fait jour dans des villes telles qu'Osaka, Kyoto et Edo. Elle encourage l'aspiration aux valeurs du bushido (voie du guerrier) \u2014 diligence, honn\u00EAtet\u00E9, honneur, loyaut\u00E9 et frugalit\u00E9 \u2014 tout en m\u00EAlant des croyances shinto, n\u00E9o-confuc\u00E9ennes et bouddhistes. L'\u00E9tude des math\u00E9matiques, de l'astronomie, de la cartographie, de l'ing\u00E9nierie et de la m\u00E9decine est aussi encourag\u00E9e. L'accent est mis sur la qualit\u00E9 de la main-d'\u0153uvre, en particulier dans les arts. Pour la premi\u00E8re fois, la population urbaine a le temps et le loisir pour soutenir une nouvelle culture de masse. Sa qu\u00EAte de plaisir est connue sous le nom ukiyo (\u00AB monde flottant \u00BB), un monde id\u00E9al de la mode et du divertissement populaire. Les artistes f\u00E9minines professionnelles (geishas), la musique, les histoires populaires, le kabuki et le bunraku (\u00AB th\u00E9\u00E2tre de marionnettes \u00BB), la po\u00E9sie, une riche litt\u00E9rature et l'art, illustr\u00E9 par de belles gravures sur bois (connues sous le nom d\u2019ukiyo-e), font tous partie de cette floraison de la culture. La litt\u00E9rature prosp\u00E8re \u00E9galement, avec par exemple Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1724), dramaturge, et Matsuo Bash\u014D (1644-1694), essayiste, po\u00E8te ha\u00EFku et \u00E9crivain voyageur."@fr . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D"@en . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D (\u753A\u4EBA\u9053, ch\u014Dnin-d\u014D) emerged as a way of life of the ch\u014Dnin (\u753A\u4EBA, townsman, merchant, tradesman, trading class) during the Edo period of Japanese history. It was a distinct culture that arose in cities such as Osaka, Kyoto, and Edo. It encouraged aspiration to bushid\u014D (way of the warrior) qualities\u2014diligence, honesty, honor, loyalty, and frugality\u2014while blending Shinto, Neo-Confucian, and Buddhist beliefs. Study of mathematics, astronomy, cartography, engineering, and medicine were also encouraged. Emphasis was placed on quality of workmanship, especially in the arts. For the first time, urban populations had the means and leisure time to support a new mass culture. Their search for enjoyment became known as ukiyo (the floating world), an ideal world of fashion and popular entertainment. Professional female entertainers (geisha), music, popular stories, Kabuki and bunraku (puppet theater), poetry, a rich literature, and art, exemplified by beautiful woodblock prints (known as ukiyo-e), were all part of this flowering of culture. Literature also flourished with the talented examples of the playwright Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653 \u2013 1724) and the haiku poet, essayist, and travel writer Matsuo Bash\u014D (1644 \u2013 94)."@en . . . . "Le ch\u014Dnind\u014D (\u753A\u4EBA\u9053, ch\u014Dnin-d\u014D) appara\u00EEt comme le mode de vie des ch\u014Dnin (\u753A\u4EBA, \u00AB citadin, marchand, commer\u00E7ant \u00BB) au cours de l'\u00E9poque d'Edo du Japon. C'est une culture diff\u00E9rente qui se fait jour dans des villes telles qu'Osaka, Kyoto et Edo. Elle encourage l'aspiration aux valeurs du bushido (voie du guerrier) \u2014 diligence, honn\u00EAtet\u00E9, honneur, loyaut\u00E9 et frugalit\u00E9 \u2014 tout en m\u00EAlant des croyances shinto, n\u00E9o-confuc\u00E9ennes et bouddhistes."@fr . . . . . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D"@fr . . . . . . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "788927595"^^ . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D (\u753A\u4EBA\u9053 ch\u014Dnin-d\u014D?) emergiu como um estilo de vida dos (\u753A\u4EBA cidad\u00E3o, comerciante?) durante o per\u00EDodo Edo da hist\u00F3ria do Jap\u00E3o. Foi um cultura distinta que surgiu em cidades como Osaka, Kyoto e Edo. Este estilo estimulou o desejo sobre qualidades do bushid\u014D (\"caminho do guerreiro\") - dilig\u00EAncia, honestidade, honra, lealdade e frugalidade - assim como adquiriu influ\u00EAn\u00E7as das cren\u00E7as do xinto\u00EDsmo, neo-confucionismo e budismo. O estudo da matem\u00E1tica, astronomia, cartografia, engenharia e medicina foi tamb\u00E9m incentivado. Os ideais enfatizam a qualidade da for\u00E7a de trabalho, principalmente nas artes. Pela primeira vez, a popula\u00E7\u00E3o urbana tinha um tempo para o lazer que suportaria uma nova cultura de massa. A sua busca por prazer ficou conhecida por ukiyo (mundo flutuante), um mundo ideal de moda e entretenimento popular. Artistas profissionais do sexo feminino (gueixa), m\u00FAsica, hist\u00F3rias folcl\u00F3ricas, o kabuki e bunraku (teatro de bonecos), a poesia, uma rica literatura e arte, ilustrado com belas xilogravuras (conhecido sob o nome ukiyo-e), fizaram todos parte deste florescimento cultural. A literatura foi tamb\u00E9m difundida com o dramaturgo Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653 - 1724) e com o ensa\u00EDsta, poeta haikai e escritor de viagens Matsuo Basho (1644-1694)."@pt . . "Ch\u014Dnind\u014D (\u753A\u4EBA\u9053 ch\u014Dnin-d\u014D?) emergiu como um estilo de vida dos (\u753A\u4EBA cidad\u00E3o, comerciante?) durante o per\u00EDodo Edo da hist\u00F3ria do Jap\u00E3o. Foi um cultura distinta que surgiu em cidades como Osaka, Kyoto e Edo. Este estilo estimulou o desejo sobre qualidades do bushid\u014D (\"caminho do guerreiro\") - dilig\u00EAncia, honestidade, honra, lealdade e frugalidade - assim como adquiriu influ\u00EAn\u00E7as das cren\u00E7as do xinto\u00EDsmo, neo-confucionismo e budismo. O estudo da matem\u00E1tica, astronomia, cartografia, engenharia e medicina foi tamb\u00E9m incentivado. Os ideais enfatizam a qualidade da for\u00E7a de trabalho, principalmente nas artes. Pela primeira vez, a popula\u00E7\u00E3o urbana tinha um tempo para o lazer que suportaria uma nova cultura de massa. A sua busca por prazer ficou conhecida por ukiyo (mundo flutuante), um mundo ideal d"@pt . . . . .