. "Sinar katode (disebut pula pancaran elektron) adalah arus elektron yang diamati di dalam tabung vakum, yaitu tabung kaca hampa udara yang dilengkapi oleh paling sedikit dua elektrode logam yang diberi tegangan listrik, katode atau elektrode negatif dan anode atau elektrode positif. Elektron pertama ditemukan sebagai komponen penyusun sinar katode. Pada 1897, fisikawan Inggris Joseph John Thomson menunjukkan bahwa sinar katode terdiri dari partikel bermuatan negatif yang belum pernah dikenal, yang kemudian dinamai elektron. Tabung sinar katode menghasilkan gambar di dalam pesawat televisi dan monitor komputer terdahulu."@in . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456"@uk . . "Elektronenstrahl"@de . . . . "Cathode rays or electron beam (e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes. If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, glass behind the positive electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from the cathode (the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply). They were first observed in 1859 by German physicist Julius Pl\u00FCcker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the electron. Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) use a focused beam of electrons deflected by electric or magnetic fields to render an image on a screen."@en . "Izpi katodikoak, huts hodietan ikusgai diren elektroi korronteak dira. Hodi hauek diodo deritzon konfigurazioan gutxienez bi elektrodo geitzen zaizkie, katodoa (elektrodo positiboa) eta anodoa (elektrodo negatiboa). Katodoa berotzean, anodora doan erradiazioa bidaltzen du. Hodiaren beirazko barne hormak material fluoreszentez estaliak baldin badaude, dirdir egingo dute. Bi elektrodoen artean jarritako metalezko geruza batek bere itzala geruza fluoreszentean proiektatuko du. Honek argiaren emisioaren sorrera katodoak bidali eta geruza fluoreszentearen aurka talka egiten duten izpiak direla adierazten du. Izpiak anodora lerro zuzenean doaz, eta distantzia batean baita haratago ere. XIX. mendearen bukaeran fisikariek fenomeno hau aztertzen hasi ziren, eta 1905ean Philipp Lenard hungariar fisikariak izpi katodikoei buruzko bere ikerketei esker Fisikako Nobel Saria irabazi zuen. Izpi katodikoak lehenbizi Geissler hodietan sortuak izan ziren. William Crookes ingeles kimikariak hodi bereziak sortu zituen, alegia, Crookes hodiak. Laister, izpi katodien sortzaileak elektroiak zirela ikusi zen. Izpi hauek katodoek sortzeak, alegia, elektrodo negatiboak, elektroiek karga negatiboa zutela frogatuarazi zuen."@eu . . . . "Los rayos cat\u00F3dicos son corrientes de electrones en tubos de vac\u00EDo, es decir en los tubos de cristal que se equipan por lo menos con dos electrodos, un c\u00E1todo (electrodo negativo) y un \u00E1nodo (electrodo positivo) en una configuraci\u00F3n conocida como Diodo. Cuando se calienta el c\u00E1todo, emite una cierta radiaci\u00F3n que viaja hacia el \u00E1nodo. Si las paredes internas de vidrio detr\u00E1s del \u00E1nodo est\u00E1n cubiertas con un material fluorescente, brillan intensamente. Una capa de metal colocada entre los electrodos proyecta una sombra en la capa fluorescente. Esto significa que la causa de la emisi\u00F3n de luz son los rayos emitidos por el c\u00E1todo al golpear la capa fluorescente. Los rayos viajan hacia el \u00E1nodo en l\u00EDnea recta, y contin\u00FAan m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de \u00E9l durante una cierta distancia. Este fen\u00F3meno fue estudiado por los f\u00EDsicos a finales del siglo XIX, otorg\u00E1ndose un premio Nobel de F\u00EDsica en 1905 a Philipp Lenard. Los rayos cat\u00F3dicos primero fueron producidos por los tubos de Geissler. Los tubos especiales fueron desarrollados para el estudio de estos rayos por William Crookes y se los llam\u00F3 tubos de Crookes. Pronto se vio que los rayos cat\u00F3dicos est\u00E1n formados por los portadores reales de la electricidad que ahora se conocen como electrones. El hecho de que los rayos son emitidos por el c\u00E1todo, es decir el electrodo negativo, demostr\u00F3 que los electrones tienen carga negativa. Los rayos cat\u00F3dicos se propagan en l\u00EDnea recta en ausencia de influencias externas e independientemente de d\u00F3nde se sit\u00FAe el nodo, pero son desviados por los campos el\u00E9ctricos o magn\u00E9ticos (que pueden ser producidos colocando los electrodos de muy bajo voltaje o imanes dentro del tubo de vac\u00EDo - esto explica el efecto de los imanes en una pantalla de TV). El refinamiento de esta idea es el tubo de rayos cat\u00F3dicos (CRT). El CRT es la clave en los televisores, los osciloscopios, y las c\u00E1maras de televisi\u00F3n ."@es . "Ein Elektronenstrahl, fr\u00FCher auch Kathodenstrahl, ist ein technisch erzeugtes Strahlenb\u00FCndel aus Elektronen. Da Elektronen in der Luft der Atmosph\u00E4re sehr schnell ihre Energie verlieren, ben\u00F6tigen Elektronenstrahlen ein Vakuum oder zumindest einen gegen\u00FCber der Atmosph\u00E4re deutlich verminderten Gasdruck. Mit Betastrahlung wird demgegen\u00FCber die ungeb\u00FCndelte nat\u00FCrliche Elektronen- oder Positronenstrahlung aus radioaktiven Zerf\u00E4llen bezeichnet. Elektronenstrahlen bilden die Grundlage f\u00FCr die Bildr\u00F6hren, mit der lange Zeit Fernseher, Computermonitore oder Oszilloskope betrieben wurden."@de . . "Els raigs cat\u00F2dics, descoberts per Johann Wilhelm Hittorf el 1869, s\u00F3n un feix d'electrons em\u00E8s per un c\u00E0tode i accelerat per un camp el\u00E8ctric. S\u00F3n desviats pels camps el\u00E8ctrics i magn\u00E8tics i exciten la fosforesc\u00E8ncia de certs cossos. Aquestes propietats s\u00F3n utilitzades en els tubs d'oscil\u00B7loscopi i en els tubs de televisi\u00F3."@ca . . . "Katodov\u00E9 z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED je proud elektron\u016F vych\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED z katody katodov\u00E9 trubice, kter\u00FD vytv\u00E1\u0159\u00ED elektrick\u00FD proud, k \u010Demu\u017E dojde, pokud se tlak v uzav\u0159en\u00E9m t\u011Blese sn\u00ED\u017E\u00ED na hodnotu 1 Pa. P\u0159i interakci tohoto za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED s l\u00E1tkami se energie elektron\u016F p\u0159em\u011B\u0148uje na n\u00E1sleduj\u00EDc\u00ED formy: mechanickou energii, energii elektromagnetick\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED, sv\u011Btelnou energii a vnit\u0159n\u00ED energii. Zkoum\u00E1n\u00ED katodov\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED a experimenty s katodovou trubic\u00ED sehr\u00E1ly v\u00FDznamnou \u00FAlohu p\u0159i objevu elektronu a tak\u00E9 rentgenov\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED, kter\u00E9 vznik\u00E1 p\u0159i interakci katodov\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED s hmotou."@cs . "Los rayos cat\u00F3dicos son corrientes de electrones en tubos de vac\u00EDo, es decir en los tubos de cristal que se equipan por lo menos con dos electrodos, un c\u00E1todo (electrodo negativo) y un \u00E1nodo (electrodo positivo) en una configuraci\u00F3n conocida como Diodo. Cuando se calienta el c\u00E1todo, emite una cierta radiaci\u00F3n que viaja hacia el \u00E1nodo. Si las paredes internas de vidrio detr\u00E1s del \u00E1nodo est\u00E1n cubiertas con un material fluorescente, brillan intensamente. Una capa de metal colocada entre los electrodos proyecta una sombra en la capa fluorescente. Esto significa que la causa de la emisi\u00F3n de luz son los rayos emitidos por el c\u00E1todo al golpear la capa fluorescente. Los rayos viajan hacia el \u00E1nodo en l\u00EDnea recta, y contin\u00FAan m\u00E1s all\u00E1 de \u00E9l durante una cierta distancia. Este fen\u00F3meno fue estudiado"@es . "Raios cat\u00F3dicos s\u00E3o feixes de el\u00E9trons produzidos quando uma diferen\u00E7a de potencial elevada \u00E9 estabelecida entre dois eletrodos localizados no interior de um recipiente fechado contendo g\u00E1s rarefeito. Uma vez que os el\u00E9trons t\u00EAm carga negativa, os raios cat\u00F3dicos v\u00E3o do eletrodo negativo - o c\u00E1todo - para o eletrodo positivo - o \u00E2nodo."@pt . . . . "\u9670\u6975\u5C04\u7DDA\u662F\u5728\u771F\u7A7A\u7BA1\u4E2D\u53EF\u4EE5\u89C2\u5BDF\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5B50\u6D41\u3002\u771F\u7A7A\u7BA1\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u88AB\u62BD\u6210\u771F\u7A7A\u7684\u3001\u88C5\u6709\u4E24\u4E2A\u7535\u6781\uFF08\u4E00\u4E2A\u9633\u6781\u548C\u4E00\u4E2A\u9634\u6781\uFF09\u7684\u73BB\u7483\u7BA1\u3002 \u9634\u6781\u88AB\u52A0\u70ED\u540E\uFF0C\u5176\u91CA\u653E\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u7535\u5B50\u4F1A\u50CF\u5C04\u7EBF\u4E00\u822C\u79FB\u96E2\u3002\u5047\u8A2D\u5728\u9633\u6781\u540E\u9762\u7684\u73BB\u7483\u7247\u8986\u6709\u78F7\u5149\u7269\u8D28\uFF0C\u5247\u5B83\u4F1A\u5F62\u6210\u78F7\u5149\u3002\u9634\u6781\u4E0E\u78F7\u5149\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u91D1\u5C5E\u677F\u4F1A\u5728\u78F7\u5149\u73BB\u7483\u677F\u4E0A\u7559\u4E0B\u5F71\u5B50\u3002\u8FD9\u8BF4\u660E\u78F7\u5149\u662F\u7531\u9634\u6781\u53D1\u5C04\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u7C92\u5B50\u6253\u5230\u78F7\u5149\u677F\u4E0A\u540E\u53D1\u51FA\u7684\u3002"@zh . . "Sinar katode (disebut pula pancaran elektron) adalah arus elektron yang diamati di dalam tabung vakum, yaitu tabung kaca hampa udara yang dilengkapi oleh paling sedikit dua elektrode logam yang diberi tegangan listrik, katode atau elektrode negatif dan anode atau elektrode positif. Elektron pertama ditemukan sebagai komponen penyusun sinar katode. Pada 1897, fisikawan Inggris Joseph John Thomson menunjukkan bahwa sinar katode terdiri dari partikel bermuatan negatif yang belum pernah dikenal, yang kemudian dinamai elektron. Tabung sinar katode menghasilkan gambar di dalam pesawat televisi dan monitor komputer terdahulu."@in . . . . "\uC74C\uADF9\uC120"@ko . . . . . . . "\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062B\u0648\u062F \u0647\u064A \u0633\u064A\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062B \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062B\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062A\u0641\u0631\u064A\u063A \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A \u0636\u063A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u064A\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062D \u0628\u064A\u0646 01. : 001. \u0645\u0645 \u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A \u064A\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A."@ar . "Izpi katodikoak, huts hodietan ikusgai diren elektroi korronteak dira. Hodi hauek diodo deritzon konfigurazioan gutxienez bi elektrodo geitzen zaizkie, katodoa (elektrodo positiboa) eta anodoa (elektrodo negatiboa). Katodoa berotzean, anodora doan erradiazioa bidaltzen du. Hodiaren beirazko barne hormak material fluoreszentez estaliak baldin badaude, dirdir egingo dute. Bi elektrodoen artean jarritako metalezko geruza batek bere itzala geruza fluoreszentean proiektatuko du. Honek argiaren emisioaren sorrera katodoak bidali eta geruza fluoreszentearen aurka talka egiten duten izpiak direla adierazten du. Izpiak anodora lerro zuzenean doaz, eta distantzia batean baita haratago ere."@eu . . . . . . "\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637\u064A\u0629"@ar . . . . . . "Els raigs cat\u00F2dics, descoberts per Johann Wilhelm Hittorf el 1869, s\u00F3n un feix d'electrons em\u00E8s per un c\u00E0tode i accelerat per un camp el\u00E8ctric. S\u00F3n desviats pels camps el\u00E8ctrics i magn\u00E8tics i exciten la fosforesc\u00E8ncia de certs cossos. Aquestes propietats s\u00F3n utilitzades en els tubs d'oscil\u00B7loscopi i en els tubs de televisi\u00F3. A mitjans del segle xix ja se sabia que el corrent el\u00E8ctric podia passar per medis considerats a\u00EFllants si el potencial era prou elevat. Per explorar aquesta idea, es treballava amb els anomenats tubs (1855) de Heinrich Geissler (1814-79), bufador de vidre alemany. Aquests tubs s'emplenaven primerament amb un gas i llavors es feia el buit amb una bomba pneum\u00E0tica; A mesura que es baixava la pressi\u00F3, el pas del corrent s'afavoria. Ja a uns 5 mmHg s'observava un pas de corrent continu i una lluminositat que emanava del mateix interior del tub. El color de la llum depenia del gas que s'hi havia introdu\u00EFt pr\u00E8viament (aire-vermell, arg\u00F3-blau, ne\u00F3-taronja). Aquests tubs s\u00F3n coneguts actualment amb el nom de tubs de ne\u00F3. A trav\u00E9s de diversos experiments, es va veure que la lluminositat era un raig (una mena de radiaci\u00F3 lluminosa) que sorgia del c\u00E0tode i que es propagava en l\u00EDnia recta. Aix\u00ED doncs, el f\u00EDsic alemany (1850-1930) els denomin\u00E0 el 1876 raigs cat\u00F2dics."@ca . . . . . . . "I raggi catodici sono fasci di elettroni che si producono all'interno di un tubo catodico. Gli elettroni vengono rilasciati da un catodo, un elettrodo con carica di segno negativo, solitamente per effetto termoionico. Nel vuoto spinto del tubo catodico gli elettroni viaggiano ad alta velocit\u00E0 verso l'anodo, l'elettrodo positivo da cui sono attratti per effetto della forza di Coulomb, e possono oltrepassarlo percorrendo una certa distanza all'esterno del tubo catodico."@it . . . . . . . . . . "\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\uFF08\u3044\u3093\u304D\u3087\u304F\u305B\u3093\u3001\u82F1: Cathode ray\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u771F\u7A7A\u7BA1\u306E\u4E2D\u3067\u89B3\u5BDF\u3055\u308C\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u306E\u6D41\u308C\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u771F\u7A7A\u306B\u6392\u6C17\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30AC\u30E9\u30B9\u5BB9\u5668\u306B\u4E00\u5BFE\u306E\u96FB\u6975\u3092\u5C01\u5165\u3057\u3066\u96FB\u5727\u3092\u304B\u3051\u308B\u3068\u3001\u9670\u6975\uFF08\u96FB\u6E90\u306E\u30DE\u30A4\u30CA\u30B9\u7AEF\u5B50\u306B\u63A5\u7D9A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u96FB\u6975\uFF09\u306E\u9006\u5074\u306B\u3042\u308B\u5BB9\u5668\u5185\u58C1\u304C\u767A\u5149\u3059\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u306F\u9670\u6975\u8868\u9762\u304B\u3089\u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u5782\u76F4\u306B\u6483\u3061\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u73FE\u8C61\u306F1869\u5E74\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u306E\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u30F4\u30A3\u30EB\u30D8\u30EB\u30E0\u30FB\u30D2\u30C3\u30C8\u30EB\u30D5\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u521D\u3081\u3066\u89B3\u5BDF\u3055\u308C\u30011876\u5E74\u306B\u30AA\u30A4\u30B2\u30F3\u30FB\u30B4\u30EB\u30C8\u30B7\u30E5\u30BF\u30A4\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066Kathodenstrahlen\uFF08\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\uFF09\u3068\u540D\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u8FD1\u5E74\u3067\u306F\u96FB\u5B50\u7DDA\u3084\u96FB\u5B50\u30D3\u30FC\u30E0\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002 \u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u521D\u3081\u3066\u767A\u898B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u306E\u306F\u3001\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u3092\u69CB\u6210\u3059\u308B\u7C92\u5B50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30021897\u5E74\u3001\u82F1\u56FD\u306E\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005J\u30FBJ\u30FB\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u306E\u6B63\u4F53\u304C\u8CA0\u96FB\u8377\u3092\u6301\u3064\u672A\u77E5\u306E\u7C92\u5B50\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793A\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7C92\u5B50\u304C\u5F8C\u306B\u300C\u96FB\u5B50\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u521D\u671F\u306E\u30C6\u30EC\u30D3\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u30D6\u30E9\u30A6\u30F3\u7BA1\uFF08CRT\u3001cathode ray tube\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u300C\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u7BA1\u300D\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u53CE\u675F\u3055\u305B\u305F\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u3092\u96FB\u5834\u3084\u78C1\u5834\u3067\u504F\u5411\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u50CF\u3092\u4F5C\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062B\u0648\u062F \u0647\u064A \u0633\u064A\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063A\u064A\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062A\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062B \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062B\u0648\u062F \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062A\u0641\u0631\u064A\u063A \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A \u0636\u063A\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u063A\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064A\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062E\u0641\u0636 \u064A\u062A\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062D \u0628\u064A\u0646 01. : 001. \u0645\u0645 \u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0647\u062F \u0628\u064A\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064A \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062F\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064A \u064A\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062A."@ar . . "Ein Elektronenstrahl, fr\u00FCher auch Kathodenstrahl, ist ein technisch erzeugtes Strahlenb\u00FCndel aus Elektronen. Da Elektronen in der Luft der Atmosph\u00E4re sehr schnell ihre Energie verlieren, ben\u00F6tigen Elektronenstrahlen ein Vakuum oder zumindest einen gegen\u00FCber der Atmosph\u00E4re deutlich verminderten Gasdruck. Mit Betastrahlung wird demgegen\u00FCber die ungeb\u00FCndelte nat\u00FCrliche Elektronen- oder Positronenstrahlung aus radioaktiven Zerf\u00E4llen bezeichnet. Elektronenstrahlen bilden die Grundlage f\u00FCr die Bildr\u00F6hren, mit der lange Zeit Fernseher, Computermonitore oder Oszilloskope betrieben wurden."@de . . . "Raigs cat\u00F2dics"@ca . . . . . . . "Un rayon cathodique est un faisceau d'\u00E9lectrons observ\u00E9 dans un tube \u00E0 vide, c'est-\u00E0-dire dans un tube de verre sous vide \u00E9quip\u00E9 d'au moins deux \u00E9lectrodes \u2014 une cathode et une anode \u2014 dans une configuration connue sous le nom de diode."@fr . . "Raio cat\u00F3dico"@pt . "6943"^^ . "\uC74C\uADF9\uC120 (\u9670\u6975\u7DDA,\uB610\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uBE54 )\uC740 \uB450 \uAE08\uC18D \uC804\uADF9 (\uC74C\uADF9(Cathode) \uB610\uB294 \uC74C\uADF9 \uB2E8\uC790\uC640 \uC591\uADF9(Anode) \uB610\uB294 \uC591\uADF9 \uB2E8\uC790)\uC774 \uC9C4\uACF5\uC758 \uC720\uB9AC\uAD00 \uC548\uC5D0 \uB5A8\uC5B4\uC838 \uC788\uACE0, \uB450 \uB2E8\uC790 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC804\uC704\uCC28\uAC00 \uC788\uC744 \uB54C, \uC9C4\uACF5\uAD00\uC548\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD00\uCC30\uB418\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uD750\uB984\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD604\uC0C1\uC740 1869\uB144 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uC790 \uC694\uD55C \uD788\uD1A0\uB974\uD504\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1876\uB144 \uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC74C\uADF9\uC120 (\uC601\uC5B4: cathode rays, \uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: kathodenstrahlen)\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC774 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC74C\uADF9\uC120\uC758 \uC131\uBD84\uC73C\uB85C \uCC98\uC74C \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1897\uB144 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC790 \uC870\uC9C0\uD504 \uC874 \uD1B0\uC2A8\uC740 \uC774 \uD750\uB984\uC774 \uC774\uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C0\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB358 \uC74C\uC804\uD558\uB97C \uAC16\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBCF4\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC74C\uC804\uD558\uB97C \uAC16\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC804\uC790\uB77C\uACE0 \uC774\uB984 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . "\u9670\u6975\u7DDA"@ja . "Kathodestralen, ook wel elektronenstralen genoemd, zijn stralen van elektronen waargenomen in vacu\u00FCmbuizen of -lampen. Deze vacu\u00FCmbuizen bestaan uit minstens \u00E9\u00E9n anode (positieve elektrode) en \u00E9\u00E9n kathode (negatieve elektrode) waarover een positieve spanning wordt aangelegd. Door ontlading zullen de elektronen overspringen van de kathode naar de anode. Het weinige gas dat zich in de vacu\u00FCmbuis bevindt kan daardoor oplichten als gevolg van ionisatie. Omdat deze stralen uittreden bij de kathode worden ze kathodestralen genoemd."@nl . . "Cathode ray"@en . "I raggi catodici sono fasci di elettroni che si producono all'interno di un tubo catodico. Gli elettroni vengono rilasciati da un catodo, un elettrodo con carica di segno negativo, solitamente per effetto termoionico. Nel vuoto spinto del tubo catodico gli elettroni viaggiano ad alta velocit\u00E0 verso l'anodo, l'elettrodo positivo da cui sono attratti per effetto della forza di Coulomb, e possono oltrepassarlo percorrendo una certa distanza all'esterno del tubo catodico."@it . "Rayon cathodique"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . "Izpi katodiko"@eu . . . . . . . . "Sinar katode"@in . . . . . . "\u9670\u6975\u5C04\u7DDA\u662F\u5728\u771F\u7A7A\u7BA1\u4E2D\u53EF\u4EE5\u89C2\u5BDF\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5B50\u6D41\u3002\u771F\u7A7A\u7BA1\u662F\u4E00\u4E2A\u88AB\u62BD\u6210\u771F\u7A7A\u7684\u3001\u88C5\u6709\u4E24\u4E2A\u7535\u6781\uFF08\u4E00\u4E2A\u9633\u6781\u548C\u4E00\u4E2A\u9634\u6781\uFF09\u7684\u73BB\u7483\u7BA1\u3002 \u9634\u6781\u88AB\u52A0\u70ED\u540E\uFF0C\u5176\u91CA\u653E\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u7535\u5B50\u4F1A\u50CF\u5C04\u7EBF\u4E00\u822C\u79FB\u96E2\u3002\u5047\u8A2D\u5728\u9633\u6781\u540E\u9762\u7684\u73BB\u7483\u7247\u8986\u6709\u78F7\u5149\u7269\u8D28\uFF0C\u5247\u5B83\u4F1A\u5F62\u6210\u78F7\u5149\u3002\u9634\u6781\u4E0E\u78F7\u5149\u4E4B\u95F4\u7684\u91D1\u5C5E\u677F\u4F1A\u5728\u78F7\u5149\u73BB\u7483\u677F\u4E0A\u7559\u4E0B\u5F71\u5B50\u3002\u8FD9\u8BF4\u660E\u78F7\u5149\u662F\u7531\u9634\u6781\u53D1\u5C04\u51FA\u6765\u7684\u7C92\u5B50\u6253\u5230\u78F7\u5149\u677F\u4E0A\u540E\u53D1\u51FA\u7684\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC74C\uADF9\uC120 (\u9670\u6975\u7DDA,\uB610\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uBE54 )\uC740 \uB450 \uAE08\uC18D \uC804\uADF9 (\uC74C\uADF9(Cathode) \uB610\uB294 \uC74C\uADF9 \uB2E8\uC790\uC640 \uC591\uADF9(Anode) \uB610\uB294 \uC591\uADF9 \uB2E8\uC790)\uC774 \uC9C4\uACF5\uC758 \uC720\uB9AC\uAD00 \uC548\uC5D0 \uB5A8\uC5B4\uC838 \uC788\uACE0, \uB450 \uB2E8\uC790 \uC0AC\uC774\uC5D0 \uC804\uC704\uCC28\uAC00 \uC788\uC744 \uB54C, \uC9C4\uACF5\uAD00\uC548\uC5D0\uC11C \uAD00\uCC30\uB418\uB294 \uC804\uC790\uB4E4\uC758 \uD750\uB984\uC774\uB2E4. \uC774 \uD604\uC0C1\uC740 1869\uB144 \uB3C5\uC77C\uC758 \uACFC\uD559\uC790 \uC694\uD55C \uD788\uD1A0\uB974\uD504\uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC5C8\uACE0, 1876\uB144 \uC5D0 \uC758\uD574 \uC74C\uADF9\uC120 (\uC601\uC5B4: cathode rays, \uB3C5\uC77C\uC5B4: kathodenstrahlen)\uC774\uB77C\uB294 \uC774\uB984\uC774 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC84C\uB2E4. \uC804\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC74C\uADF9\uC120\uC758 \uC131\uBD84\uC73C\uB85C \uCC98\uC74C \uBC1C\uACAC\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4. 1897\uB144 \uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uBB3C\uB9AC\uD559\uC790 \uC870\uC9C0\uD504 \uC874 \uD1B0\uC2A8\uC740 \uC774 \uD750\uB984\uC774 \uC774\uC804\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uC54C\uB824\uC9C0\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC558\uB358 \uC74C\uC804\uD558\uB97C \uAC16\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uB85C \uAD6C\uC131\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4\uB294 \uAC83\uC744 \uBCF4\uC600\uB2E4. \uC774 \uC74C\uC804\uD558\uB97C \uAC16\uB294 \uC785\uC790\uB4E4\uC740 \uC804\uC790\uB77C\uACE0 \uC774\uB984 \uBD99\uC5EC\uC84C\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Kathodestralen, ook wel elektronenstralen genoemd, zijn stralen van elektronen waargenomen in vacu\u00FCmbuizen of -lampen. Deze vacu\u00FCmbuizen bestaan uit minstens \u00E9\u00E9n anode (positieve elektrode) en \u00E9\u00E9n kathode (negatieve elektrode) waarover een positieve spanning wordt aangelegd. Door ontlading zullen de elektronen overspringen van de kathode naar de anode. Het weinige gas dat zich in de vacu\u00FCmbuis bevindt kan daardoor oplichten als gevolg van ionisatie. Omdat deze stralen uittreden bij de kathode worden ze kathodestralen genoemd."@nl . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u0434\u0456, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0457\u0445\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0449\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0456\u043B\u0430, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438. \u0423 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434. \u0417\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u0446\u0435 \u0432 1897 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u0437\u0435\u0444 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0441\u043E\u043D. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0447\u0438 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0445, \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A, \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043E \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430."@uk . "\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\uFF08\u3044\u3093\u304D\u3087\u304F\u305B\u3093\u3001\u82F1: Cathode ray\uFF09\u3068\u306F\u3001\u771F\u7A7A\u7BA1\u306E\u4E2D\u3067\u89B3\u5BDF\u3055\u308C\u308B\u96FB\u5B50\u306E\u6D41\u308C\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u771F\u7A7A\u306B\u6392\u6C17\u3055\u308C\u305F\u30AC\u30E9\u30B9\u5BB9\u5668\u306B\u4E00\u5BFE\u306E\u96FB\u6975\u3092\u5C01\u5165\u3057\u3066\u96FB\u5727\u3092\u304B\u3051\u308B\u3068\u3001\u9670\u6975\uFF08\u96FB\u6E90\u306E\u30DE\u30A4\u30CA\u30B9\u7AEF\u5B50\u306B\u63A5\u7D9A\u3055\u308C\u305F\u96FB\u6975\uFF09\u306E\u9006\u5074\u306B\u3042\u308B\u5BB9\u5668\u5185\u58C1\u304C\u767A\u5149\u3059\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u539F\u56E0\u306F\u9670\u6975\u8868\u9762\u304B\u3089\u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u5782\u76F4\u306B\u6483\u3061\u51FA\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u73FE\u8C61\u306F1869\u5E74\u306B\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u306E\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005\u30F4\u30A3\u30EB\u30D8\u30EB\u30E0\u30FB\u30D2\u30C3\u30C8\u30EB\u30D5\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u521D\u3081\u3066\u89B3\u5BDF\u3055\u308C\u30011876\u5E74\u306B\u30AA\u30A4\u30B2\u30F3\u30FB\u30B4\u30EB\u30C8\u30B7\u30E5\u30BF\u30A4\u30F3\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066Kathodenstrahlen\uFF08\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\uFF09\u3068\u540D\u4ED8\u3051\u3089\u308C\u305F\u3002\u8FD1\u5E74\u3067\u306F\u96FB\u5B50\u7DDA\u3084\u96FB\u5B50\u30D3\u30FC\u30E0\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3053\u3068\u304C\u591A\u3044\u3002 \u96FB\u5B50\u304C\u521D\u3081\u3066\u767A\u898B\u3055\u308C\u305F\u306E\u306F\u3001\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u3092\u69CB\u6210\u3059\u308B\u7C92\u5B50\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305F\u30021897\u5E74\u3001\u82F1\u56FD\u306E\u7269\u7406\u5B66\u8005J\u30FBJ\u30FB\u30C8\u30E0\u30BD\u30F3\u306F\u3001\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u306E\u6B63\u4F53\u304C\u8CA0\u96FB\u8377\u3092\u6301\u3064\u672A\u77E5\u306E\u7C92\u5B50\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793A\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306E\u7C92\u5B50\u304C\u5F8C\u306B\u300C\u96FB\u5B50\u300D\u3068\u547C\u3070\u308C\u308B\u3088\u3046\u306B\u306A\u3063\u305F\u3002\u521D\u671F\u306E\u30C6\u30EC\u30D3\u306B\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308C\u3066\u3044\u305F\u30D6\u30E9\u30A6\u30F3\u7BA1\uFF08CRT\u3001cathode ray tube\u3059\u306A\u308F\u3061\u300C\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u7BA1\u300D\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u53CE\u675F\u3055\u305B\u305F\u9670\u6975\u7DDA\u3092\u96FB\u5834\u3084\u78C1\u5834\u3067\u504F\u5411\u3055\u305B\u308B\u3053\u3068\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u50CF\u3092\u4F5C\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . . "Katodov\u00E9 z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED"@cs . . . . "Rayos cat\u00F3dicos"@es . . "\u041A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0301\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u00AB\u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . "Katodov\u00E9 z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED je proud elektron\u016F vych\u00E1zej\u00EDc\u00ED z katody katodov\u00E9 trubice, kter\u00FD vytv\u00E1\u0159\u00ED elektrick\u00FD proud, k \u010Demu\u017E dojde, pokud se tlak v uzav\u0159en\u00E9m t\u011Blese sn\u00ED\u017E\u00ED na hodnotu 1 Pa. P\u0159i interakci tohoto za\u0159\u00EDzen\u00ED s l\u00E1tkami se energie elektron\u016F p\u0159em\u011B\u0148uje na n\u00E1sleduj\u00EDc\u00ED formy: mechanickou energii, energii elektromagnetick\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED, sv\u011Btelnou energii a vnit\u0159n\u00ED energii. Zkoum\u00E1n\u00ED katodov\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED a experimenty s katodovou trubic\u00ED sehr\u00E1ly v\u00FDznamnou \u00FAlohu p\u0159i objevu elektronu a tak\u00E9 rentgenov\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED, kter\u00E9 vznik\u00E1 p\u0159i interakci katodov\u00E9ho z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED s hmotou. Katodov\u00E9 z\u00E1\u0159en\u00ED objevil v roce 1859 Julius Pl\u00FCcker."@cs . "Raggio catodico"@it . . "18565"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "Kathodestraal"@nl . . . . . . . . . . . "Cathode rays or electron beam (e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes. If an evacuated glass tube is equipped with two electrodes and a voltage is applied, glass behind the positive electrode is observed to glow, due to electrons emitted from the cathode (the electrode connected to the negative terminal of the voltage supply). They were first observed in 1859 by German physicist Julius Pl\u00FCcker and Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, and were named in 1876 by Eugen Goldstein Kathodenstrahlen, or cathode rays. In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of a previously unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the electron. Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) use a focused beam of electrons deflected by electric or magnetic fields to render"@en . . . . . . . "\u041A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438"@ru . "1122270054"^^ . "\u041A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0301\u0434\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u043B\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301, \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043D\u0430\u0437\u044B\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0435 \u00AB\u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438\u00BB \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A \u044D\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043E\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u043B\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043C\u044B\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043C \u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043A\u0438."@ru . . . . "\u9670\u6975\u5C04\u7DDA"@zh . "Un rayon cathodique est un faisceau d'\u00E9lectrons observ\u00E9 dans un tube \u00E0 vide, c'est-\u00E0-dire dans un tube de verre sous vide \u00E9quip\u00E9 d'au moins deux \u00E9lectrodes \u2014 une cathode et une anode \u2014 dans une configuration connue sous le nom de diode. Lorsque la cathode est chauff\u00E9e, elle \u00E9met une radiation, qui voyage jusqu'\u00E0 l'anode. Si les parois internes du verre se trouvant derri\u00E8re l'anode sont recouvertes avec un mat\u00E9riau phosphorescent les \u00E9lectrons incidents induisent un scintillement. L'existence des rayons cathodiques fut initialement suppos\u00E9e lors des premi\u00E8res \u00E9tudes dans les tubes \u00E0 vide en pla\u00E7ant des plaques de m\u00E9tal entre les \u00E9lectrodes, qui projetaient une ombre sur la surface phosphorescente. Cela laissait penser que la cause de l'\u00E9mission de lumi\u00E8re \u00E9tait imputable \u00E0 des rayons \u00E9mis par la cathode et frappant l'enduit. Ils se propagent jusqu'\u00E0 l'anode en lignes droites et continuent au-del\u00E0 sur une certaine distance."@fr . "\u041A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043A\u0438 \u2014 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A\u0438 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0443\u043C\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u0434\u0456, \u043A\u043E\u043B\u0438 \u0457\u0445\u043D\u044F \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430 \u0449\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043B\u0430 \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0437\u0443\u043C\u0456\u043B\u0430, \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0430\u043A \u0432\u043B\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0438. \u0423 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043B\u044C\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043E\u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043D\u044C \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043A\u0430, \u0449\u043E \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044F\u0434. \u0417\u0440\u043E\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u0446\u0435 \u0432 1897 \u0440\u043E\u0446\u0456 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u0437\u0435\u0444 \u0414\u0436\u043E\u043D \u0422\u043E\u043C\u0441\u043E\u043D. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0434\u044F\u0447\u0438 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0430\u0434 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u0456 \u043C\u0430\u0433\u043D\u0456\u0442\u043D\u0438\u0445 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u044F\u0445, \u0432\u0456\u043D \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432, \u0449\u043E \u0432\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0441\u043A\u043B\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0437 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043D\u043E\u043A, \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u044F\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u043D\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043E \u043C\u0435\u043D\u0448\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043E\u043C\u0430. \u041D\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043A\u0430\u0442\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0435\u043D\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0449\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u043B\u0430, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0437\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0447\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043B\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456. \u041D\u0430 \u0441\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E\u0434\u043D\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0456\u043D \u0435\u043B\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043F\u0443\u0447\u043E\u043A."@uk . . . . "Raios cat\u00F3dicos s\u00E3o feixes de el\u00E9trons produzidos quando uma diferen\u00E7a de potencial elevada \u00E9 estabelecida entre dois eletrodos localizados no interior de um recipiente fechado contendo g\u00E1s rarefeito. Uma vez que os el\u00E9trons t\u00EAm carga negativa, os raios cat\u00F3dicos v\u00E3o do eletrodo negativo - o c\u00E1todo - para o eletrodo positivo - o \u00E2nodo."@pt .