. "371"^^ . . . . . . . . . "Besso (satrapo)"@it . . "B\u00E9ssos"@cs . . "King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire"@en . . "Besos, juga disebut sebagai Artahsasta V (wafat pada musim panas 329 SM), adalah seorang Satrap Baktria dan kemudian menyatakan diri menjadi Raja Diraja (Kaisar) Iran pada 330 SM. Menurut sumber-sumber klasik, ia membunuh pendahulu dan kerabatnya, Darius III, usai tentara Iran dikalahkan oleh Aleksander Agung. Namun lantaran hampir semua wilayah Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah sudah berada dalam kendali Aleksander pada masa itu, sejarawan pada umumnya tidak menganggap Besos sebagai kaisar."@in . "Bessos (altgriechisch \u0392\u1FC6\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2; \u2020 329 v. Chr. in Ekbatana) war ein Verwandter des persischen Gro\u00DFk\u00F6nigs Dareios III. und seit etwa 336 v. Chr. Satrap der Provinz Baktrien (etwa im heutigen Afghanistan). Er war f\u00FChrend an der Ermordung des gegen Alexander den Gro\u00DFen erfolglosen Dareios III. beteiligt, rief sich danach als Artaxerxes zu dessen Nachfolger aus, fiel aber schlie\u00DFlich Alexander in die H\u00E4nde und wurde hingerichtet."@de . . . . . . . . "\uC544\uB974\uD0C0\uD06C\uC138\uB974\uD06C\uC138\uC2A4 5\uC138 \uBCA0\uC18C\uC2A4(\uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4: Artaxerxes V Bessus, ? - \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 329\uB144)\uB294 \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544 \uC81C\uAD6D \uC544\uCF00\uBA54\uB124\uC2A4 \uC655\uC870\uC758 \uBC15\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC544 \uC0AC\uD2B8\uB77C\uD504(\uD0DC\uC218)\uC600\uB2E4. \uAC00\uC6B0\uAC00\uBA5C\uB77C \uC804\uD22C\uC5D0\uC11C \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544 \uC655 \uB2E4\uB9AC\uC6B0\uC2A4 3\uC138\uAC00 \uB9C8\uCF00\uB3C4\uB2C8\uC544 \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uB300\uC655\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD328\uD558\uC790, \uB2E4\uB9AC\uC6B0\uC2A4 3\uC138\uC640 \uCE5C\uCC99\uB4E4\uC744 \uC8FD\uC774\uACE0 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C \uC655\uC744 \uC790\uCE6D\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 329\uB144 \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354\uC758 \uCD94\uACA9\uC744 \uBC1B\uC544 \uCC98\uD615\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . "Bessos (en grec antic \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 'B\u1E17ssos') va ser s\u00E0trapa de Bactriana i rei de l'Imperi persa de l'any 330 aC al 329 aC. Era un noble persa, i probablement de la fam\u00EDlia aquem\u00E8nida, nomenat s\u00E0trapa de Bactriana i Sogdiana. A la batalla de Gaugamela era present al front de les tropes de la seva satrapia, i va restar amb Darios III de P\u00E8rsia que va passar l'hivern a Ecb\u00E0tana (331 aC-330 aC). L'any 330 aC Darios i Bessos van arribar a Bactriana per\u00F2 all\u00ED Bessos, que ja estava d'acord amb altres s\u00E0trapes, va deposar a Darios III i el va voler entregar als macedonis perqu\u00E8 aturessin la persecuci\u00F3, per\u00F2 Alexandre el Gran va ordenar que es continu\u00E9s la marxa sense aturar-se. El juliol del 330 aC Bessos, Babistanes i altres nobles, amb el temor de l'arribada d'Alexandre, van matar Darios III i van deixar el cad\u00E0ver perqu\u00E8 el trob\u00E9s l'ex\u00E8rcit macedoni, esperant que aix\u00ED pararien l'avan\u00E7. Bessos es va proclamar rei i va adoptar el nom d'Artaxerxes V. La satrapia de Bactriana era ocupada sovint per l'hereu al tron de P\u00E8rsia. Per\u00F2 ja no tenia poder sobre la meitat de l'Imperi dominat per Maced\u00F2nia, i l'altra meitat estava en descomposici\u00F3: el s\u00E0trapes de Sag\u00E0rtia i Carm\u00E0nia, Gedr\u00F2sia, Arac\u00F2sia, Gandara, Satibarzanes d'\u00C0ria, el de Drangiana, i el de Sogdiana (abans dependent de Bessos) es van fer independents i aix\u00ED Bessos n'era un de m\u00E9s. Els macedonis van ocupar Hirc\u00E0nia, M\u00E8dia, P\u00E0rtia, \u00C0ria, Drangiana i Arac\u00F2sia aquell mateix any. El 329 aC els macedonis van ocupar Carm\u00E0nia y Gedr\u00F2sia i van arribar a Gandara. Barzanes d'\u00C0ria, que s'havia sotm\u00E8s a Alexandre, es va revoltar i va tornar a l'alian\u00E7a amb Bessos. Alexandre va entrar a Bactriana mentre els seus soldats ocupaven Artacoana, la capital d'\u00C0ria i liquidaven la revolta del s\u00E0trapa. Bessos va fugir de Bactriana per\u00F2 va ser capturat per la poblaci\u00F3 i entregat a Alexandre que el va fer matar acusat de l'assassinat de Darios III. Alexandre li va fer tallar el nas i les orelles (c\u00E0stig que s'aplicava als culpables de rebel\u00B7li\u00F3 i regicidi) i seguidament el va crucificar al mateix lloc on Darios va morir assassinat. El nou rei de Sogdiana, ara anomenat Arimases, que sembla havia tornat a ser lleial a Bessos o havia estat imposat per aquest, va resistir un temps i finalment es va tancar a una fortalesa prop de Nautaca, on va ser capturat l'any 327 aC i penjat pel coll fins a morir. La resist\u00E8ncia dels bactrians i sogdians a la mort de Bessos la va dur a terme Espit\u00E0menes que va combatre a la regi\u00F3 de Maracanda fins al 328 aC quan va haver de fugir al pa\u00EDs dels masagetes (a Esc\u00EDtia) on ser\u00E0 assassinat. Aquest personatge va ser el pare d'Apama, que es va casar l'any 324 aC amb el general Seleuc i va donar m\u00E9s tard el nom a algunes ciutats. Alexandre va arribar fins a Maracanda (Samarcanda) merc\u00E8s a la submissi\u00F3 del rei Farasmanes de Cor\u00E0smia. El general Clitos va ser nomenat governador de Bactriana en lloc de Bessos, per\u00F2 Alexandre el va matar en un acc\u00E9s de colera per haver-lo criticat."@ca . "0330"^^ . . . . . . "Besso (in persiano antico *Baya\u00E7\u0101; in greco antico \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2, trasl. B\u00E9ssos), noto anche con il nome che acquis\u00EC assumendo il trono Artaserse V (in persiano antico \U000103A0\U000103BC\U000103AB\U000103A7\U000103C1\U000103C2\U000103A0, trasl. Artax\u0161a\u00E7\u0101\u02B0; in greco \u1F08\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2, trasl. Artacs\u00E9ses (... \u2013 Ectabana, 329 a.C.) \u00E8 stato un militare e funzionario persiano, satrapo di Battriana (l'area tra la catena montuosa dell'Hindu Kush e il fiume Amu Darya) e Sogdiana (nell'odierno Uzbekistan). Besso appare nell'epopea persiana dell'XI secolo Sh\u0101h-N\u0101meh con il nome di Janusipar/Janushyar."@it . . . . . . . . . . . "Bessos (\u00BF?-329 a. C.) fue un noble persa, s\u00E1trapa de Bactria y asesino y sucesor de Dar\u00EDo III. Rein\u00F3 con el nombre de Artajerjes V entre julio de 330 a. C. y finales de verano del 329 a. C."@es . "Bessus (Grieks \u0392\u1FC6\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 / Bessos) was satraap van de Perzische provincie Bactri\u00EB tijdens de regering van Darius III. Bessus gold aanvankelijk als de rechterhand van Darius, maar na de slag bij Issus werd hij door de koning, die ernstige redenen had om hem van hoogverraad te verdenken, ontboden naar de residentiestad Babylon. Volgens Quintus Curtius (IV, 6, 1) bundelde Bessus daar alle mogelijke krachten om zijn verzet tegen de koning voort te zetten."@nl . "Bessos ou Bessus (en grec ancien \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 / B\u00E9ssos) est le satrape de Bactriane sous le r\u00E8gne de Darius III. Il se proclame roi de Perse sous le nom d'Artaxerx\u00E8s V apr\u00E8s avoir assassin\u00E9 le souverain ach\u00E9m\u00E9nide en 330 av. J.-C. Il est ex\u00E9cut\u00E9 sur ordre d'Alexandre le Grand en 329."@fr . . "Artaxerxes"@en . "Josef Wieseh\u00F6fer"@en . "Besso (em latim: Bessus; em grego cl\u00E1ssico: Bessos; ? \u2014 ver\u00E3o de 329 a.C.), tamb\u00E9m conhecido como Artaxerxes V, foi um nobre persa e s\u00E1trapa da B\u00E1ctria e Sogdiana, e mais tarde autoproclamado rei da P\u00E9rsia. Ele \u00E9 mais conhecido por ter assassinado e usurpado seu rei, Dario III, depois que o ex\u00E9rcito persa foi derrotado por Alexandre, o Grande."@pt . "Bessos"@en . . "Ahmad"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Schmitt"@en . . . . "\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441 (\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F \u2014 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0441 V) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432 330\u2014329 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D."@ru . "\u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2"@el . . . . . . . . "Ahmad Tafazzoli"@en . . . . . . . "Bessos ou Bessus (en grec ancien \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 / B\u00E9ssos) est le satrape de Bactriane sous le r\u00E8gne de Darius III. Il se proclame roi de Perse sous le nom d'Artaxerx\u00E8s V apr\u00E8s avoir assassin\u00E9 le souverain ach\u00E9m\u00E9nide en 330 av. J.-C. Il est ex\u00E9cut\u00E9 sur ordre d'Alexandre le Grand en 329."@fr . . . "\u30D9\u30C3\u30BD\u30B9"@ja . . . . . . . . . . "EIr."@en . "Bessus"@en . "Bessos"@sv . "Arda\u0161\u012Br I i. History"@en . "Bessos (\u00BF?-329 a. C.) fue un noble persa, s\u00E1trapa de Bactria y asesino y sucesor de Dar\u00EDo III. Rein\u00F3 con el nombre de Artajerjes V entre julio de 330 a. C. y finales de verano del 329 a. C."@es . . . . . "Besso"@pt . . . "Bessos"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Bessus or Bessos (Old Persian: *Baya\u00E7\u0101; Greek: \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V (Old Persian: \U000103A0\U000103BC\U000103AB\U000103A7\U000103C1\U000103C2\U000103A0 Artax\u0161a\u00E7\u0101\u02B0; Greek: \u1F08\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC. A member of the ruling Achaemenid dynasty, Bessus came to power shortly after killing the legitimate Achaemenid ruler Darius III (r. 336\u2013330 BC), and subsequently attempted to hold the eastern part of the empire against the Macedonian king Alexander the Great (r. 336\u2013323 BC). His realm quickly started to fall apart, including Bactria, which was the main center. Fleeing into Sogdia, he was arrested by his own officers, who handed him over to Alexander, who had him executed at Ecbatana. Bessus appears in the 11th-century Persian epic Shahnameh under the name of Janusipar/Janushyar."@en . "Bessos (zm. lato 329 p.n.e.) \u2013 by\u0142 krewnym kr\u00F3la Persji - Dariusza III oraz satrap\u0105 Baktrii i Sogdiany. Po bitwie pod Gaugamel\u0105, w kt\u00F3rej Persowie zostali pokonani przez Aleksandra Macedo\u0144skiego, zdradziecko uwi\u0119zi\u0142 Dariusza z intencj\u0105 przekazania go Macedo\u0144czykom. Sam og\u0142osi\u0142 si\u0119 kr\u00F3lem Persji i rozpocz\u0105\u0142 rz\u0105dy jako Artakserkses V. W obliczu rozkazu Aleksandra, by pomimo pojmania Dariusza dalej \u015Bciga\u0107 Pers\u00F3w, konspiratorzy z Bessosem na czele \u015Bmiertelnie zranili Dariusza i porzucili go w pobli\u017Cu miejscowo\u015Bci Hekatompylos, w Baktrii (wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie Szahr-e Ghumes w Iranie)."@pl . . . "Bessus or Bessos (Old Persian: *Baya\u00E7\u0101; Greek: \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2), also known by his throne name Artaxerxes V (Old Persian: \U000103A0\U000103BC\U000103AB\U000103A7\U000103C1\U000103C2\U000103A0 Artax\u0161a\u00E7\u0101\u02B0; Greek: \u1F08\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2; died summer 329 BC), was a Persian satrap of the eastern Achaemenid satrapy of Bactria, as well as the self-proclaimed King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 330 to 329 BC. Bessus appears in the 11th-century Persian epic Shahnameh under the name of Janusipar/Janushyar."@en . . . . "B\u00E9ssos (\u0159ecky \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 ; ? \u2013 329 p\u0159. n. l., Ekbatany) byl p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00EDk persk\u00E9ho vl\u00E1dnouc\u00EDho rodu Achaimenovc\u016F a zhruba od roku 336 p\u0159. n. l. m\u00EDstodr\u017Eitel Baktrie, provincie v dne\u0161n\u00EDm Afgh\u00E1nist\u00E1nu. V roce 330 p\u0159. n. l. byl hlavn\u00EDm str\u016Fjcem vra\u017Edy kr\u00E1le Dareia III., mnohokr\u00E1t pora\u017Een\u00E9ho v boji s Alexandrem Velik\u00FDm, a pot\u00E9 se s\u00E1m prohl\u00E1sil panovn\u00EDkem pod jm\u00E9nem Artaxerx\u00E9s IV. Jeho vl\u00E1da nebyla nikdy uzn\u00E1v\u00E1na v cel\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i, kterou z v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED \u010D\u00E1sti u\u017E kontroloval Alexandr."@cs . . . "\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF"@zh . . . . . . "D\u0101r\u0101"@en . "\u0411\u0454\u0441\u0441 (*\u0434/\u043D \u2014329 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.) \u2014 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043C \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u044F\u043A \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0441 V."@uk . "Besos, juga disebut sebagai Artahsasta V (wafat pada musim panas 329 SM), adalah seorang Satrap Baktria dan kemudian menyatakan diri menjadi Raja Diraja (Kaisar) Iran pada 330 SM. Menurut sumber-sumber klasik, ia membunuh pendahulu dan kerabatnya, Darius III, usai tentara Iran dikalahkan oleh Aleksander Agung. Namun lantaran hampir semua wilayah Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah sudah berada dalam kendali Aleksander pada masa itu, sejarawan pada umumnya tidak menganggap Besos sebagai kaisar."@in . . . "\u0411\u0454\u0441\u0441 (*\u0434/\u043D \u2014329 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u0435.) \u2014 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0456\u044F\u0447 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0457 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0457, \u0441\u0430\u043C\u043E\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0448\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043C \u0446\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u044F\u043A \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0441 V."@uk . . "Bessos"@es . . . . "Bessos"@nl . . . . . "R\u00FCdiger Schmitt"@en . . . . . . . "King of Persia"@en . . . "Besso (em latim: Bessus; em grego cl\u00E1ssico: Bessos; ? \u2014 ver\u00E3o de 329 a.C.), tamb\u00E9m conhecido como Artaxerxes V, foi um nobre persa e s\u00E1trapa da B\u00E1ctria e Sogdiana, e mais tarde autoproclamado rei da P\u00E9rsia. Ele \u00E9 mais conhecido por ter assassinado e usurpado seu rei, Dario III, depois que o ex\u00E9rcito persa foi derrotado por Alexandre, o Grande."@pt . . . . "174"^^ . . "Tafazzoli"@en . . . . "Bessos (zm. lato 329 p.n.e.) \u2013 by\u0142 krewnym kr\u00F3la Persji - Dariusza III oraz satrap\u0105 Baktrii i Sogdiany. Po bitwie pod Gaugamel\u0105, w kt\u00F3rej Persowie zostali pokonani przez Aleksandra Macedo\u0144skiego, zdradziecko uwi\u0119zi\u0142 Dariusza z intencj\u0105 przekazania go Macedo\u0144czykom. Sam og\u0142osi\u0142 si\u0119 kr\u00F3lem Persji i rozpocz\u0105\u0142 rz\u0105dy jako Artakserkses V. W obliczu rozkazu Aleksandra, by pomimo pojmania Dariusza dalej \u015Bciga\u0107 Pers\u00F3w, konspiratorzy z Bessosem na czele \u015Bmiertelnie zranili Dariusza i porzucili go w pobli\u017Cu miejscowo\u015Bci Hekatompylos, w Baktrii (wsp\u00F3\u0142cze\u015Bnie Szahr-e Ghumes w Iranie). W 329 r. p.n.e. zosta\u0142 zdradziecko pojmany przez swoich w\u0142asnych ludzi i oddany w r\u0119ce Macedo\u0144czyk\u00F3w. Staro\u017Cytni historycy podaj\u0105 r\u00F3\u017Cne wersje \u015Bmierci Bessosa. Kurcjusz Rufus podaje, \u017Ce Aleksander kaza\u0142 obci\u0105\u0107 mu nos i uszy, czym wzorowa\u0142 si\u0119 na kr\u00F3lach Persji (podobnie post\u0105pi\u0142 Dariusz I ze swoim wrogiem - uzurpatorem Fraortesem) i kaza\u0142 ukrzy\u017Cowa\u0107 go w miejscu, gdzie Bessos porzuci\u0142 umieraj\u0105cego Dariusza III.. Flawiusz Arrian podaje, \u017Ce uzurpatorowi uci\u0119to nos i uszy, po czym odwieziono do Ekbatany i stracono w obliczu t\u0142umu Med\u00F3w i Pers\u00F3w, szczeg\u00F3\u0142y ka\u017Ani nie zosta\u0142y podane. Plutarch m\u00F3wi o \"rozerwaniu go \u017Cywcem na kawa\u0142y przez przywi\u0105zanie do dw\u00F3ch napi\u0119tych drzew\". Diodor z Sycylii wskazuje na \"poci\u0119cie cia\u0142a Bessosa i rozrzucenie jego szcz\u0105tk\u00F3w za pomoc\u0105 proc\". Mimo \u017Ce jako satrapa Baktrii Bessos-Artakserkses V by\u0142 kolejnym po Dariuszu pretendentem do tronu Persji, historycy nie uznaj\u0105 go za prawowitego w\u0142adc\u0119 Persji. W tym okresie w\u0142a\u015Bciwa Persja zosta\u0142a podbita przez Aleksandra Macedo\u0144skiego, a obszar rz\u0105d\u00F3w Bessosa by\u0142 ograniczony do kilku lu\u017Ano zwi\u0105zanych plemion baktryjskich."@pl . . . "\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\uFF08\uFF1F\uFF0D\u524D329\u5E74\u590F\u5B63\uFF0C\u53E4\u6CE2\u65AF\u8A9E\uFF1A*Baya\u00E7\u0101; \u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\uFF1A\u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2\uFF09\uFF0C\u738B\u4F4D\u540D\u70BA\u963F\u723E\u5854\u859B\u897F\u65AF\u4E94\u4E16\uFF08\u53E4\u6CE2\u65AF\u8A9E\uFF1A\U000103A0\U000103BC\U000103AB\U000103A7\U000103C1\U000103C2\U000103A0 Artax\u0161a\u00E7\u0101\u02B0; \u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\uFF1A\u1F08\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CE2\u65AF\u963F\u5951\u7F8E\u5C3C\u5FB7\u738B\u671D\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u7E3D\u7763\uFF0C\u51FA\u8EAB\u6CE2\u65AF\u963F\u5951\u7F8E\u5C3C\u5FB7\u5B97\u5BA4\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5F8C\u4F86\u7BE1\u596A\u5927\u6D41\u58EB\u4E09\u4E16\u7684\u738B\u4F4D\uFF0C\u65BC\u524D330\u5E74\u81F3\u524D329\u5E74\u9593\u7D71\u6CBB\u7015\u81E8\u6EC5\u570B\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u3002 \u4F5C\u70BA\u963F\u5951\u7F8E\u5C3C\u5FB7\u738B\u671D\u5B97\u5BA4\uFF0C\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\u900F\u904E\u653F\u8B8A\u596A\u53D6\u5927\u6B0A\uFF0C\u4E26\u8B00\u5BB3\u4E86\u5408\u6CD5\u570B\u738B\u5927\u6D41\u58EB\u4E09\u4E16\uFF0C\u7BE1\u596A\u4E86\u738B\u4F4D\u3002\u4ED6\u7E7C\u7E8C\u9818\u5C0E\u5E1D\u570B\u6771\u90E8\u7684\u884C\u7701\u62B5\u6297\u99AC\u5176\u9813\u738B\u570B\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u5927\u5E1D\u7684\u5165\u4FB5\uFF0C\u4E26\u4EE5\u4ED6\u5148\u524D\u7684\u7E3D\u7763\u8F44\u5340\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u70BA\u5176\u6839\u64DA\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800C\u4ED6\u7121\u6CD5\u62B5\u79A6\u99AC\u5176\u9813\u8ECD\u7684\u653B\u52E2\uFF0C\u5F88\u5FEB\u5730\u4ED6\u7684\u5730\u76E4\u4E00\u4E00\u6DEA\u9677\uFF0C\u81EA\u5DF1\u88AB\u8FEB\u9003\u5F80\u5317\u65B9\u7684\u7D22\u683C\u5E95\u4E9E\u90A3\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u88AB\u624B\u4E0B\u53DB\u8B8A\u800C\u843D\u5165\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u4E4B\u624B\u3002\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\u4E4B\u5F8C\u88AB\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u9001\u5230\u57C3\u514B\u5DF4\u5766\u90A3\uFF0C\u8655\u6B7B\u3002 \u53E4\u5E0C\u81D8\u6587\u737B\u4E2D\u7A31\u547C\u4ED6\u70BA\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\uFF0C\u800C\u572811\u4E16\u7D00\u7684\u6CE2\u65AF\u53F2\u8A69\u5217\u738B\u7D00\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4ED6\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u96C5\u52AA\u5E0C\u5DF4\uFF08Janusipar\uFF09\u6216\u96C5\u52AA\u5C71\u4E9E\uFF08Janushyar\uFF09\u3002"@zh . . . "Bessos (altgriechisch \u0392\u1FC6\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2; \u2020 329 v. Chr. in Ekbatana) war ein Verwandter des persischen Gro\u00DFk\u00F6nigs Dareios III. und seit etwa 336 v. Chr. Satrap der Provinz Baktrien (etwa im heutigen Afghanistan). Er war f\u00FChrend an der Ermordung des gegen Alexander den Gro\u00DFen erfolglosen Dareios III. beteiligt, rief sich danach als Artaxerxes zu dessen Nachfolger aus, fiel aber schlie\u00DFlich Alexander in die H\u00E4nde und wurde hingerichtet."@de . . "\u30D9\u30C3\u30BD\u30B9\uFF08Bessus, ? - \u7D00\u5143\u524D329\u5E74\u590F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30B1\u30E1\u30CD\u30B9\u671D\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u306E\u30D0\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2\u306E\u7DCF\u7763\uFF08\u30B5\u30C8\u30E9\u30C3\u30D7\uFF09\u3002\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u738B\u30C0\u30EC\u30A4\u30AA\u30B93\u4E16\u304C\u30AC\u30A6\u30AC\u30E1\u30E9\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3067\u30DE\u30B1\u30C9\u30CB\u30A2\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u30A2\u30EC\u30AF\u30B5\u30F3\u30C9\u30ED\u30B9\u5927\u738B\u306B\u6557\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3001\u30C0\u30EC\u30A4\u30AA\u30B93\u4E16\u3092\u8B00\u6BBA\u3057\u3066\u81EA\u3089\u738B\u3092\u540D\u4E57\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30A2\u30EC\u30AF\u30B5\u30F3\u30C9\u30ED\u30B9\u306E\u8FFD\u8A0E\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3066\u6BBA\u5BB3\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . "Michael"@en . . . . . "Bessos"@eu . "Bessus"@en . "Besos"@in . . . . . "4"^^ . "6"^^ . "654"^^ . "1"^^ . "2"^^ . . . . "Wieseh\u00F6fer"@en . "329"^^ . . . . "Bessos"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "B\u00E9ssos (\u0159ecky \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 ; ? \u2013 329 p\u0159. n. l., Ekbatany) byl p\u0159\u00EDslu\u0161n\u00EDk persk\u00E9ho vl\u00E1dnouc\u00EDho rodu Achaimenovc\u016F a zhruba od roku 336 p\u0159. n. l. m\u00EDstodr\u017Eitel Baktrie, provincie v dne\u0161n\u00EDm Afgh\u00E1nist\u00E1nu. V roce 330 p\u0159. n. l. byl hlavn\u00EDm str\u016Fjcem vra\u017Edy kr\u00E1le Dareia III., mnohokr\u00E1t pora\u017Een\u00E9ho v boji s Alexandrem Velik\u00FDm, a pot\u00E9 se s\u00E1m prohl\u00E1sil panovn\u00EDkem pod jm\u00E9nem Artaxerx\u00E9s IV. Jeho vl\u00E1da nebyla nikdy uzn\u00E1v\u00E1na v cel\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161i, kterou z v\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED \u010D\u00E1sti u\u017E kontroloval Alexandr."@cs . "1"^^ . . "Frye"@en . . . . . "51"^^ . . "\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441"@ru . "Joseph"@en . . . . "Richard Nelson Frye"@en . . "Besso (in persiano antico *Baya\u00E7\u0101; in greco antico \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2, trasl. B\u00E9ssos), noto anche con il nome che acquis\u00EC assumendo il trono Artaserse V (in persiano antico \U000103A0\U000103BC\U000103AB\U000103A7\U000103C1\U000103C2\U000103A0, trasl. Artax\u0161a\u00E7\u0101\u02B0; in greco \u1F08\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2, trasl. Artacs\u00E9ses (... \u2013 Ectabana, 329 a.C.) \u00E8 stato un militare e funzionario persiano, satrapo di Battriana (l'area tra la catena montuosa dell'Hindu Kush e il fiume Amu Darya) e Sogdiana (nell'odierno Uzbekistan). Membro della dinastia achemenide, Besso sal\u00EC al potere poco dopo aver ucciso il legittimo sovrano achemenide Dario III (regnante dal 336 al 330 a.C.), e successivamente tent\u00F2 di evitare che la parte orientale dell'impero cedesse agli attacchi del re macedone Alessandro Magno (r. 336-323 a.C.). Il suo regno cominci\u00F2 a collassare in fretta per via degli assalti stranieri, inclusa la Battriana, che rappresentava il centro principale del suo dominio. Dopo essersi recato in fuga in Sogdiana, fu arrestato dai suoi stessi ufficiali, che lo consegnarono ad Alessandro, il quale lo fece giustiziare a Ecbatana. Besso appare nell'epopea persiana dell'XI secolo Sh\u0101h-N\u0101meh con il nome di Janusipar/Janushyar."@it . . "Bessos, baita Artaxerxes V.a ere (?- K.a. 329) Baktriako satrapa ospetsua izan zen, bere buruarentzat Errege Handi titulua aldarrikatu zuena. Iturri klasikoen arabera, Dario III.a Kodomano bere senidea erail zuen. Alexandro Handiak erail zuen."@eu . . . "Bessus (Grieks \u0392\u1FC6\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 / Bessos) was satraap van de Perzische provincie Bactri\u00EB tijdens de regering van Darius III. Bessus gold aanvankelijk als de rechterhand van Darius, maar na de slag bij Issus werd hij door de koning, die ernstige redenen had om hem van hoogverraad te verdenken, ontboden naar de residentiestad Babylon. Volgens Quintus Curtius (IV, 6, 1) bundelde Bessus daar alle mogelijke krachten om zijn verzet tegen de koning voort te zetten. In de Slag bij Gaugamela voerde hij het bevel over de linkervleugel van het Perzische leger, en stond op die manier oog in oog met Alexander. Na de vernederende veldslag viel er van Darius III geen behoorlijke leiding meer te verwachten, en was zijn positie onhoudbaar geworden. De wereld waarin de Perzische rijksgroten eeuwenlang geleefd hadden, was in elkaar gestort. Daarop sloegen Bessus en enkele andere hoge officieren de handen ineen. Zij waren de enige prominente Perzen die de moed niet verloren, en ondernamen nog een ultieme poging om het Rijk te redden. Zij wilden de koning gevangennemen, met de bedoeling hem, naargelang de omstandigheden, te doden en zelf de macht te grijpen, ofwel hem uit te leveren aan Alexander. Nadat Darius ook uit zijn laatste residentiestad Ecbatana was gevlucht, waar hij zich na de slag bij Gaugamela had teruggetrokken, wisten de samenzweerders de ongelukkige koning gevangen te nemen, met de hulp van de Bactrische troepen waarover zij het bevel voerden. Maar toen Alexander hen in 330 v.Chr. dicht op de hielen zat, wilden zij de koning dwingen samen met hen te paard weg te vluchten. Mentaal geheel ontredderd weigerde Darius echter het paard te bestijgen, en in de ruzie die daarop volgde werd hij door Bessus en zijn aanhangers vermoord. Hierop vluchtten de samenzweerders het Bactrische binnenland in. Bessos die zijn koning vermoord had, probeerde hem onder de naam Artaxerxes V op te volgen, op grond van een of andere vage verwantschap met de Achaemeniden, en wat hij op gang bracht leek eerder op een volkse guerrillaoorlog tegen Alexander. Na drie jaar moest Bessus zich gewonnen geven en leverden zijn eigen medestanders hem, moegestreden, uit aan Alexander, in ruil voor vrede. Alexander, die respect had opgevat voor Darius, liet de koningsmoordenaar door een Perzische rechtbank ter dood veroordelen wegens hoogverraad. Bessus werd naakt gegeseld en dan in Perzische traditie de oren en neus afgesneden en dan terechtgesteld. Hij werd tussen twee omgebogen palmbomen, langzaam uiteengetrokken."@nl . "Bessos"@de . "R. N."@en . "Alexander the Great"@en . . . . . . "\u039F \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 \u03AE \u0391\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u0384 \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C0\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BF\u03B3\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u0394\u03B1\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF \u0393\u0384."@el . "\u039F \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 \u03AE \u0391\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2 \u0395\u0384 \u03AE\u03C4\u03B1\u03BD \u03C3\u03B1\u03C4\u03C1\u03AC\u03C0\u03B7\u03C2 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u0392\u03B1\u03BA\u03C4\u03C1\u03AF\u03B1\u03C2 \u03BA\u03B1\u03B9 \u03C4\u03B7\u03C2 \u03A3\u03BF\u03B3\u03B4\u03B9\u03B1\u03BD\u03AE\u03C2 \u03C5\u03C0\u03CC \u03C4\u03BF \u0394\u03B1\u03C1\u03B5\u03AF\u03BF \u0393\u0384."@el . . . . . . . "King of Kings"@en . "Darius v. Darius III"@en . . . "\uC544\uB974\uD0C0\uD06C\uC138\uB974\uD06C\uC138\uC2A4 5\uC138 \uBCA0\uC18C\uC2A4"@ko . "\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\uFF08\uFF1F\uFF0D\u524D329\u5E74\u590F\u5B63\uFF0C\u53E4\u6CE2\u65AF\u8A9E\uFF1A*Baya\u00E7\u0101; \u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\uFF1A\u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2\uFF09\uFF0C\u738B\u4F4D\u540D\u70BA\u963F\u723E\u5854\u859B\u897F\u65AF\u4E94\u4E16\uFF08\u53E4\u6CE2\u65AF\u8A9E\uFF1A\U000103A0\U000103BC\U000103AB\U000103A7\U000103C1\U000103C2\U000103A0 Artax\u0161a\u00E7\u0101\u02B0; \u5E0C\u814A\u8BED\uFF1A\u1F08\u03C1\u03C4\u03B1\u03BE\u03AD\u03C1\u03BE\u03B7\u03C2\uFF09\uFF0C\u6CE2\u65AF\u963F\u5951\u7F8E\u5C3C\u5FB7\u738B\u671D\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u7E3D\u7763\uFF0C\u51FA\u8EAB\u6CE2\u65AF\u963F\u5951\u7F8E\u5C3C\u5FB7\u5B97\u5BA4\uFF0C\u4ED6\u5F8C\u4F86\u7BE1\u596A\u5927\u6D41\u58EB\u4E09\u4E16\u7684\u738B\u4F4D\uFF0C\u65BC\u524D330\u5E74\u81F3\u524D329\u5E74\u9593\u7D71\u6CBB\u7015\u81E8\u6EC5\u570B\u7684\u570B\u5BB6\u3002 \u4F5C\u70BA\u963F\u5951\u7F8E\u5C3C\u5FB7\u738B\u671D\u5B97\u5BA4\uFF0C\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\u900F\u904E\u653F\u8B8A\u596A\u53D6\u5927\u6B0A\uFF0C\u4E26\u8B00\u5BB3\u4E86\u5408\u6CD5\u570B\u738B\u5927\u6D41\u58EB\u4E09\u4E16\uFF0C\u7BE1\u596A\u4E86\u738B\u4F4D\u3002\u4ED6\u7E7C\u7E8C\u9818\u5C0E\u5E1D\u570B\u6771\u90E8\u7684\u884C\u7701\u62B5\u6297\u99AC\u5176\u9813\u738B\u570B\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u5927\u5E1D\u7684\u5165\u4FB5\uFF0C\u4E26\u4EE5\u4ED6\u5148\u524D\u7684\u7E3D\u7763\u8F44\u5340\u5DF4\u514B\u7279\u91CC\u4E9E\u70BA\u5176\u6839\u64DA\u5730\u3002\u7136\u800C\u4ED6\u7121\u6CD5\u62B5\u79A6\u99AC\u5176\u9813\u8ECD\u7684\u653B\u52E2\uFF0C\u5F88\u5FEB\u5730\u4ED6\u7684\u5730\u76E4\u4E00\u4E00\u6DEA\u9677\uFF0C\u81EA\u5DF1\u88AB\u8FEB\u9003\u5F80\u5317\u65B9\u7684\u7D22\u683C\u5E95\u4E9E\u90A3\uFF0C\u6700\u7D42\u88AB\u624B\u4E0B\u53DB\u8B8A\u800C\u843D\u5165\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u4E4B\u624B\u3002\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\u4E4B\u5F8C\u88AB\u4E9E\u6B77\u5C71\u5927\u9001\u5230\u57C3\u514B\u5DF4\u5766\u90A3\uFF0C\u8655\u6B7B\u3002 \u53E4\u5E0C\u81D8\u6587\u737B\u4E2D\u7A31\u547C\u4ED6\u70BA\u8C9D\u8607\u65AF\uFF0C\u800C\u572811\u4E16\u7D00\u7684\u6CE2\u65AF\u53F2\u8A69\u5217\u738B\u7D00\u4E2D\uFF0C\u4ED6\u88AB\u7A31\u70BA\u96C5\u52AA\u5E0C\u5DF4\uFF08Janusipar\uFF09\u6216\u96C5\u52AA\u5C71\u4E9E\uFF08Janushyar\uFF09\u3002"@zh . "Great King"@en . . . . . "Bessos de Bactriana"@ca . . . . . . . . . . . "Weiskopf"@en . "\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0441 (\u0442\u0440\u043E\u043D\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u0438\u043C\u044F \u2014 \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043A\u0441\u0435\u0440\u043A\u0441 V) \u2014 \u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044C, \u043F\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432 330\u2014329 \u0433\u043E\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043E \u043D. \u044D."@ru . . "\uC544\uB974\uD0C0\uD06C\uC138\uB974\uD06C\uC138\uC2A4 5\uC138 \uBCA0\uC18C\uC2A4(\uB77C\uD2F4\uC5B4: Artaxerxes V Bessus, ? - \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 329\uB144)\uB294 \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544 \uC81C\uAD6D \uC544\uCF00\uBA54\uB124\uC2A4 \uC655\uC870\uC758 \uBC15\uD2B8\uB9AC\uC544 \uC0AC\uD2B8\uB77C\uD504(\uD0DC\uC218)\uC600\uB2E4. \uAC00\uC6B0\uAC00\uBA5C\uB77C \uC804\uD22C\uC5D0\uC11C \uD398\uB974\uC2DC\uC544 \uC655 \uB2E4\uB9AC\uC6B0\uC2A4 3\uC138\uAC00 \uB9C8\uCF00\uB3C4\uB2C8\uC544 \uC655\uAD6D\uC758 \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354 \uB300\uC655\uC5D0\uAC8C \uD328\uD558\uC790, \uB2E4\uB9AC\uC6B0\uC2A4 3\uC138\uC640 \uCE5C\uCC99\uB4E4\uC744 \uC8FD\uC774\uACE0 \uC2A4\uC2A4\uB85C \uC655\uC744 \uC790\uCE6D\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC, \uAE30\uC6D0\uC804 329\uB144 \uC54C\uB809\uC0B0\uB354\uC758 \uCD94\uACA9\uC744 \uBC1B\uC544 \uCC98\uD615\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . "Bessos (en grec antic \u0392\u03AE\u03C3\u03C3\u03BF\u03C2 'B\u1E17ssos') va ser s\u00E0trapa de Bactriana i rei de l'Imperi persa de l'any 330 aC al 329 aC. Era un noble persa, i probablement de la fam\u00EDlia aquem\u00E8nida, nomenat s\u00E0trapa de Bactriana i Sogdiana. A la batalla de Gaugamela era present al front de les tropes de la seva satrapia, i va restar amb Darios III de P\u00E8rsia que va passar l'hivern a Ecb\u00E0tana (331 aC-330 aC). L'any 330 aC Darios i Bessos van arribar a Bactriana per\u00F2 all\u00ED Bessos, que ja estava d'acord amb altres s\u00E0trapes, va deposar a Darios III i el va voler entregar als macedonis perqu\u00E8 aturessin la persecuci\u00F3, per\u00F2 Alexandre el Gran va ordenar que es continu\u00E9s la marxa sense aturar-se. El juliol del 330 aC Bessos, Babistanes i altres nobles, amb el temor de l'arribada d'Alexandre, van matar Darios III i van de"@ca . . . "17034"^^ . . . . "Bessos, baita Artaxerxes V.a ere (?- K.a. 329) Baktriako satrapa ospetsua izan zen, bere buruarentzat Errege Handi titulua aldarrikatu zuena. Iturri klasikoen arabera, Dario III.a Kodomano bere senidea erail zuen. Alexandro Handiak erail zuen."@eu . "\"Alexander executes Janushyar and Mahiyar, the slayers of Darius.\" Folio from a manuscript of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh , created in Shiraz, dated 1482."@en . "330"^^ . . . "93943"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "R."@en . . . "Bessus"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Bessos, d\u00F6d sommaren 329 f.Kr., var satrap i Baktrien under kriget mellan Darius III och Alexander den store. Tillsammans med ett antal \u00F6vriga satraper f\u00E4ngslade Bessos Darius och stack senare ihj\u00E4l honom d\u00E5 den f\u00E5ngne kungen v\u00E4grade forts\u00E4tta fly undan Alexander. Kort d\u00E4rp\u00E5, 330 f.Kr., l\u00E4t Bessos utropa sig till storkonung i Perserriket med namnet Artaxerxes och hoppades sl\u00E5 Alexander och driva bort makedonierna. Alexander lyckades dock driva honom p\u00E5 flykt, hans popularitet minskade bland folket och han utl\u00E4mnades snart till makedonierna som torterade honom, skar av hans n\u00E4sa och \u00F6ron och l\u00E4t avr\u00E4tta honom i Ekbatana. Han blev den siste persiske storkonungen. Han regerade fr\u00E5n efter mordet p\u00E5 Darius III."@sv . . . . "330"^^ . . "\u0411\u0454\u0441\u0441"@uk . . "\u30D9\u30C3\u30BD\u30B9\uFF08Bessus, ? - \u7D00\u5143\u524D329\u5E74\u590F\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30A2\u30B1\u30E1\u30CD\u30B9\u671D\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u306E\u30D0\u30AF\u30C8\u30EA\u30A2\u306E\u7DCF\u7763\uFF08\u30B5\u30C8\u30E9\u30C3\u30D7\uFF09\u3002\u30DA\u30EB\u30B7\u30A2\u738B\u30C0\u30EC\u30A4\u30AA\u30B93\u4E16\u304C\u30AC\u30A6\u30AC\u30E1\u30E9\u306E\u6226\u3044\u3067\u30DE\u30B1\u30C9\u30CB\u30A2\u738B\u56FD\u306E\u30A2\u30EC\u30AF\u30B5\u30F3\u30C9\u30ED\u30B9\u5927\u738B\u306B\u6557\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3001\u30C0\u30EC\u30A4\u30AA\u30B93\u4E16\u3092\u8B00\u6BBA\u3057\u3066\u81EA\u3089\u738B\u3092\u540D\u4E57\u3063\u305F\u304C\u3001\u30A2\u30EC\u30AF\u30B5\u30F3\u30C9\u30ED\u30B9\u306E\u8FFD\u8A0E\u3092\u53D7\u3051\u3066\u6BBA\u5BB3\u3055\u308C\u305F\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . "2"^^ . "3"^^ . . "1121507435"^^ . "The political history of Iran under the Sasanians"@en . "7"^^ . . "4"^^ . "Bessos, d\u00F6d sommaren 329 f.Kr., var satrap i Baktrien under kriget mellan Darius III och Alexander den store. Tillsammans med ett antal \u00F6vriga satraper f\u00E4ngslade Bessos Darius och stack senare ihj\u00E4l honom d\u00E5 den f\u00E5ngne kungen v\u00E4grade forts\u00E4tta fly undan Alexander. Kort d\u00E4rp\u00E5, 330 f.Kr., l\u00E4t Bessos utropa sig till storkonung i Perserriket med namnet Artaxerxes och hoppades sl\u00E5 Alexander och driva bort makedonierna. Alexander lyckades dock driva honom p\u00E5 flykt, hans popularitet minskade bland folket och han utl\u00E4mnades snart till makedonierna som torterade honom, skar av hans n\u00E4sa och \u00F6ron och l\u00E4t avr\u00E4tta honom i Ekbatana. Han blev den siste persiske storkonungen. Han regerade fr\u00E5n efter mordet p\u00E5 Darius III."@sv .