. "\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435"@ru . "Bataille de la Lys (1918)"@fr . "A Batalha de La Lys (7 a 29 de abril de 1918) foi uma enorme ofensiva militar alem\u00E3 focada ao norte da fronteira franco-belga, na regi\u00E3o da Flandres, durante a Primeira Grande Guerra. Tamb\u00E9m conhecida como Opera\u00E7\u00E3o Georgette, Ofensiva do Lys, Quarta Batalha de Ypres, Quarta Batalha da Flandres e Batalha de Estaires, fez parte da chamada Ofensiva de Primavera, onde os alem\u00E3es pretendiam romper as linhas Aliadas de uma vez por todas na Frente Ocidental europeia. Foi planejada pelo general Erich Ludendorff e de in\u00EDcio teria um alcance bem maior, mas acabou sendo reduzida em escala. Parte dos planos era tomar de vez a regi\u00E3o de Ypres e expulsar os brit\u00E2nicos dos portos belgas. Foi lan\u00E7ada como uma sequ\u00EAncia a Opera\u00E7\u00E3o Michael, tamb\u00E9m travada no contexto da Ofensiva de Primavera alem\u00E3. No final"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La quarta battaglia di Ypres (meglio conosciuta come battaglia del Lys o operazione Georgette) \u00E8 stato uno scontro, svoltosi il 9 e il 29 aprile 1918, durante l'ultima grande offensiva tedesca della prima guerra mondiale. L'obiettivo principale dell'Alto comando tedesco era rappresentato dalla citt\u00E0 di Diksmuide. Gli attaccanti, dopo circa un mese di combattimenti, riuscirono a sfondare le linee britanniche tra Ypres e Loos. Nel giro di pochi giorni l'offensiva cominci\u00F2 ad affievolirsi, anche a causa dell'intervento delle forze francesi, sino ad arrestarsi definitivamente. I tedeschi non riuscirono a raggiungere gli obiettivi previsti e riuscirono solo a far indietreggiare di pochi chilometri le linee del fronte alleato."@it . "\u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u00AB\u0414\u0436\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0442\u00BB (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Unternehmen Georgette), \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0456\u0441\u0456 1918 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Battle of the Lys), \u0444\u0440. Bataille de la Lys \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0406\u043F\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Fourth Battle of Ypres) \u0442\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0424\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Vierte Flandernschlacht) (7\u201429 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1918) \u2014 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u0441\u043D\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E\u00BB, \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0443 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0444\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438. \u041E\u0441\u043D\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u043E\u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0438 \u043D\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0447\u0446\u0456 \u041B\u0456\u0441 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u043E\u0440\u043D\u0443\u043B\u0438\u0441\u044F \u043C\u0456\u0436 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 1-\u044E \u0442\u0430 2-\u044E \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u044F\u043C\u0438, \u043E\u043A\u0440\u0435\u043C\u0438\u043C\u0438 \u0444\u043E\u0440\u043C\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F\u043C\u0438 \u041F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u043F\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043C\u043A\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 4-\u044E \u0456 6-\u044E \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u044F\u043C\u0438. \u0412 \u0445\u043E\u0434\u0456 \u0431\u043E\u0457\u0432 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u0438\u043C \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430\u043C \u0432\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0442 \u043E\u0431\u043E\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A \u0410\u043D\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0438, \u0430\u043B\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0432\u043D\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F \u2014 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441 \u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043F\u043E\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0443 \u0456\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044E \u0437 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044E \u0406\u043C\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u041D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043D\u0438 \u043D\u0435 \u0432\u0434\u0430\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044F."@uk . . "\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 (4-\u044F, 6-\u044F \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438) \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (1-\u044F, 2-\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441 (\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0435), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u041B\u0438\u0441; \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A. \u041D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0424\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u00AB\u041C\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044D\u043B\u044C\u00BB (21 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2014 5 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F). \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u00AB\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E\u00BB \u043F\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A. \u041E\u043D\u0430 \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u043D\u0435\u043C\u0435\u0446\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u043E \u0424\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B. \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u043E \u043E\u043D \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0441\u044F \u0433\u0435\u043D\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043B\u043E\u043C \u042D\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043E\u043C \u041B\u044E\u0434\u0435\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0440\u0444\u043E\u043C \u043A\u0430\u043A \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u00AB\u0414\u0436\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0436\u00BB, \u043D\u043E \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043C \u0431\u044B\u043B \u0441\u043E\u043A\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043D \u0434\u043E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u00AB\u0416\u043E\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430\u00BB \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043B\u044C\u044E \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0418\u043F\u0440\u0430, \u0432\u044B\u043D\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044C \u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0443\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u044B \u041B\u0430-\u041C\u0430\u043D\u0448\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044B\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B. \u041F\u043E \u043F\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044E, \u0438\u0441\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043D\u0435\u043D\u0438\u044E \u0438 \u044D\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0430\u043C \u00AB\u0416\u043E\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0430\u00BB \u0431\u044B\u043B\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0436\u0430 (\u0445\u043E\u0442\u044F \u0438 \u043C\u0435\u043D\u044C\u0448\u0435) \u043D\u0430 \u00AB\u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E \u041C\u0430\u0439\u043A\u043B\u00BB \u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u043C \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0438."@ru . . . . . "the Western Front of the First World War"@en . . "\u010Ctvrt\u00E1 bitva u Yper, zvan\u00E1 t\u00E9\u017E jako bitva na \u0159ece Leie, prob\u00EDhala mezi 7. a 29. dubnem 1918. Byla sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED n\u011Bmeck\u00E9 jarn\u00ED ofenz\u00EDvy ve Flandrech b\u011Bhem prvn\u00ED sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky. Gener\u00E1l Erich Ludendorff ji p\u016Fvodn\u011B napl\u00E1noval pod jm\u00E9nem operace George, pozd\u011Bji se jej\u00ED n\u00E1zev zm\u011Bnil na operace Georgette. C\u00EDlem bylo dob\u00FDt Ypry a donutit britsk\u00E9 s\u00EDly k \u00FAstupu k p\u0159\u00EDstav\u016Fm u Laman\u0161sk\u00E9ho pr\u016Flivu. Britov\u00E9 by tak byli donuceni se ne\u00FA\u010Dastnit v\u00E1lky. Operace Georgette byla ve sv\u00E9m z\u00E1kladu podobn\u00E1 (i kdy\u017E men\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E) operaci Michael, kter\u00E1 se uskute\u010Dnila o m\u011Bs\u00EDc d\u0159\u00EDve t\u00E9ho\u017E roku."@cs . . . . . . . . . "Henry Horne"@en . "\u5229\u65AF\u6CB3\u6218\u5F79\uFF08Battle of the Lys\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u6218\u671F\u95F4\u5FB7\u519B\u5C0D\u6CD5\u5170\u5FB7\u65AF\u5730\u5340\u8FDB\u653B\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F1918\u5E74\u6625\u5B63\u653B\u52E2\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u3002 \u6700\u521D\u70BA\u9C81\u767B\u9053\u592B\u7B56\u5212\u7684\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u4F5C\u6230\uFF08Operation George\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F46\u540E\u6765\u88AB\u7F29\u51CF\u4E3A\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u8482\u4F5C\u6230\uFF08Operation Georgette\uFF09\u3002\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u8482\u4F5C\u6230\u4E00\u8B6F\u300C\u55AC\u6CBB\u7279\u300D\u3002\u4F5C\u6230\u76EE\u6A19\u662F\u5360\u9886\u4F0A\u666E\u5C14\uFF0C\u8FEB\u4F7F\u82F1\u519B\u64A4\u56DE\u6D77\u5CE1\u6E2F\u53E3\uFF0C\u9000\u51FA\u6218\u4E89\u3002 \u5728\u8BA1\u5212\u3001\u6267\u884C\u548C\u5F71\u54CD\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u8482\u4F5C\u6230\u90FD\u50CF\u6625\u5B63\u653B\u52E2\u65E9\u671F\u7684\u7C73\u590F\u8036\u723E\u4F5C\u6230\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "De Vierde Slag om Ieper, ook wel de Leieslag genoemd, is een veldslag die werd gevochten in de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Op 1 maart 1918 bezette het 2e Beierse R.I.R., van generaal-majoor von Dittelberger, Diksmuide. Als oefening voor het Duits lenteoffensief dat gepland werd op Loos-Armentiers door de 1e Beierse Reservedivisie leek het de Duitsers nuttig Diksmuide aan te vallen. Het probleem voor Duitsers was hoe ze de IJzer moesten oversteken die op dat punt zo'n 12 meter breed is. Ze verzamelden in het Handzame-Kanaal een kleine vloot pramen om het materiaal via het kanaal en dan over de rivier te brengen. Anderen bouwden loopbruggen van planken en vlotters, geholpen door patrouilleboten. Omdat dit alles onder de ogen van de geallieerden moest gebeuren, zorgde de Duitse artillerie ervoor de vijand in de loopgraven te houden onder leiding van Res-Hauptmann Gombart en Res-Luitenant Eschenbach. Enkele weken later, op 18 maart, begon de raid op Diksmuide. 's Morgens vroeg, rond 03:00 uur waren de Duitsers klaar voor de aanval. 45 minuten later openden ze het vuur en schoten ze tot 05:00 uur gasgranaten naar de overzijde. Om 03:50 uur werd er bij de geallieerden gasalarm geslagen en beschoten ze tot 07:00 uur de Duitse stellingen. Duitse kanonnen en mortieren vuurden vanaf 05:40 uur op de geallieerden en even later, om 05:52 uur, begonnen ze ook met machinegeweren te schieten. De Duitse aanvalscolonne maakte zich klaar. Enkele minuten later werd het mortiervuur naar voor gelegd als afsluitingsvuur voor de oprukkende Duitsers. Ze staken de IJzer over onder constante beschietingen van de geallieerden. Enkele dagen later, op 21 maart, brak de hel los over het gehele westfront. De Duitse generaal Erich Ludendorff voerde overal bliksemaanvallen om door de geallieerde linies te breken. Op 12 april sloegen de Duitsers een bres in de Britse linie van ongeveer 48 km, ten zuidwesten van Ieper, nabij Hazebroek. Veldmaarschalk sir Douglas Haig gaf de Britten de opdracht zich niet terug te trekken en het Britse verzet verdedigde zich uit alle macht. Onder leiding van generaal Plumer lukte het hen op 17 april de Duitsers tot staan te brengen langs de Leie en de Duitse poging de Noord-Franse havens te bereiken was mislukt. De slachting bij de Kemmelberg begon in de ochtend van 25 april. De hele nacht hadden de Duitsers gasgranaten afgevuurd op de geallieerden, terwijl de Fransen hun stellingen met bombardementen vanuit vliegtuigen verdedigden. Om 06:00 uur bestormden de Duitse Alpenjagers de heuvel en de Fransen moesten zich terugtrekken op de Rodeberg en de Scherpenberg. De Duitse generaal Erich Ludendorff gaf op 29 april het bevel het offensief op het westfront te staken. Maar een maand later, op 27 mei, kwam hij met een volgend offensief en de Duitsers rukten verder op naar Parijs. Maar enkele dagen later, rond 4 juni, waren zijn troepen aan het eind van hun krachten en moest hij ook dit offensief staken. Na nog enkele offensieven aan de Marne in Frankrijk was het duidelijk dat de Duitsers aan de verliezende hand waren. En toen op 8 augustus het Geallieerd Eindoffensief van start ging, gaven de Duitsers zich gewillig over. Op 28 september verlieten de Duitsers Langemark. Ze werden door honderden kanonnen uit het bos van Houthulst gejaagd, waar ze de voorbije vier jaar ingebunkerd zaten. De geallieerden verjoegen in de daaropvolgende maanden de Duitsers van het westfront en begonnen zelf ook het terrein te verlaten. De Duitsers lieten enorm veel ongebruikte munitie achter, waaronder veel gifgasgranaten. Dit gifgas werd Yperiet genoemd, omdat het voor het eerst op grote schaal werd ingezet nabij Ieper. Maar het was niet, zoals veel geschiedenisboeken vermelden, de eerste inzet in de geschiedenis. Twee dagen voor Ieper werd bij Nieuwpoort voor het eerst mosterdgas ingezet. Bij inademing van dit gas braakten de slachtoffers hun longen uit. 11 november, 11 uur in de ochtend: wapenstilstand. Aan alle offensieven kwam een eind en enkele dagen later begonnen de Duitsers zich terug te trekken uit de Franse en Belgische streken die ze nog hadden bezet."@nl . . . . "\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0632 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Battle of the Lys)\u200F \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0647\u062C\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064A\u0632\u060C \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0629\u060C \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u062A. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0632\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062C\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0632 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062C\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0625\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062F\u0646\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C (Operation George) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u064F\u063A\u064E\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u062A (Operation Georgette)."@ar . . . . "Philippe P\u00E9tain"@en . . . "\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u2014 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u043C\u0438 (4-\u044F, 6-\u044F \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438) \u0438 \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u044B\u043C\u0438 (1-\u044F, 2-\u044F \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0444\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u043A\u043E\u0440\u043F\u0443\u0441 (\u043F\u043E\u0437\u0434\u043D\u0435\u0435), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043A\u0436\u0435 \u043F\u043E\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043B\u044C\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438) \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u043C\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043C\u044F \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u043C\u0438\u0440\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0439 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u043D\u044B, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043A\u0438 \u041B\u0438\u0441; \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043B\u043E\u0441\u044C \u0443\u0441\u043F\u0435\u0445\u043E\u043C \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A. \u041D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044C\u044E \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0439 \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043E \u0424\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044F \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u043B\u0430\u0441\u044C \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0434\u043E\u043B\u0436\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435\u043C \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u00AB\u041C\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044D\u043B\u044C\u00BB (21 \u043C\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2014 5 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F). \u041F\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044F \u043F\u043E\u043F\u044B\u0442\u043A\u0443 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043E\u043D\u0435 \u041B\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0435 \u043A\u043E\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0434\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044B\u0432\u0430\u043B\u043E \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044C \u044D\u0442\u043E \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u043B\u0435\u043D\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u00AB\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0432\u043D\u0443\u044E \u043E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044E\u00BB \u043F\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043E\u0439\u0441\u043A."@ru . "35"^^ . "\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0632 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062C\u0644\u064A\u0632\u064A\u0629: Battle of the Lys)\u200F \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0647\u062C\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064A\u0632\u060C \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064A\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060C \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062B\u0627\u0644\u062B\u0629\u060C \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u062A. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062C\u0632\u0621\u064B\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062C\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062F\u0631\u0632 \u062E\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062D\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062A\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064A\u0636\u064B\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062C\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064A\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064A\u0629 \u062E\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062C\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A \u0625\u0631\u064A\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062F\u0646\u062F\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u062A\u062D\u062A \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C (Operation George) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u064F\u063A\u064E\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064A\u0629 \u062C\u0648\u0631\u062C\u064A\u062A (Operation Georgette)."@ar . . "Als Vierte Flandernschlacht wird die am 7. April 1918 beginnende vierte Schlacht um Ypern an der Westfront im Ersten Weltkrieg bezeichnet. Sie dauerte bis zum 29. April. Im deutschen Sprachraum wird die Auseinandersetzung zu den vier Flandernschlachten gez\u00E4hlt und auch als Schlacht bei Armentieres bezeichnet. In Frankreich bezeichnet man sie als la quatri\u00E8me bataille d'Ypres oder la bataille d' Estaires, \u00FCberwiegend aber als la bataille de la Lys (benannt nach dem Fl\u00FCsschen Lys (dt. Leie)). Im englischen Sprachraum spricht man von der Battle of the Lys (1918)."@de . . "Douglas Haig"@en . . . "Gomes da Costa"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Germans penetrate British lines up to"@en . "Vierde Slag om Ieper"@nl . "De Vierde Slag om Ieper, ook wel de Leieslag genoemd, is een veldslag die werd gevochten in de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Op 1 maart 1918 bezette het 2e Beierse R.I.R., van generaal-majoor von Dittelberger, Diksmuide. Als oefening voor het Duits lenteoffensief dat gepland werd op Loos-Armentiers door de 1e Beierse Reservedivisie leek het de Duitsers nuttig Diksmuide aan te vallen. Omdat dit alles onder de ogen van de geallieerden moest gebeuren, zorgde de Duitse artillerie ervoor de vijand in de loopgraven te houden onder leiding van Res-Hauptmann Gombart en Res-Luitenant Eschenbach."@nl . . . . . "Bitwa pod Lys"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ludwig von Falkenhausen"@en . "1481874"^^ . . . "Cyriaque Gillain"@en . . . . "Herbert Plumer"@en . . ""@en . . . . . . . "La bataille de la Lys, \u00E9galement connue sous le nom de quatri\u00E8me bataille d'Ypres ou de bataille d'Estaires (en Allemagne : Vierte Flandernschlacht), fait partie de l'ensemble des offensives allemandes dans les Flandres, l'op\u00E9ration Georgette con\u00E7ue par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral Ludendorff pour reprendre Ypres, au cours de la Premi\u00E8re Guerre mondiale. La bataille de la Lys s'est d\u00E9roul\u00E9e du 9 avril au 29 avril 1918. L'\u00E9tat-major allemand a b\u00E9n\u00E9fici\u00E9 du renfort des troupes ramen\u00E9es de Russie \u00E0 la suite de la paix sign\u00E9e avec les soviets (trait\u00E9 de Brest-Litovsk). La 2e division portugaise, command\u00E9e par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral Gomes da Costa (qui deviendra plus tard pr\u00E9sident du Portugal), avec approximativement 20 000 hommes, perd environ 300 officiers et 7 000 hommes, tu\u00E9s, bless\u00E9s ou prisonniers, en r\u00E9sistant \u00E0 l'attaque de quatre divisions allemandes, fortes de 50 000 hommes, de la VIe arm\u00E9e allemande command\u00E9e par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral von Quast."@fr . . . . . "\u5229\u65AF\u6CB3\u6218\u5F79\uFF08Battle of the Lys\uFF09\uFF0C\u662F\u4E00\u6218\u671F\u95F4\u5FB7\u519B\u5C0D\u6CD5\u5170\u5FB7\u65AF\u5730\u5340\u8FDB\u653B\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\uFF0C\u4E5F\u662F1918\u5E74\u6625\u5B63\u653B\u52E2\u7684\u4E00\u90E8\u5206\u3002 \u6700\u521D\u70BA\u9C81\u767B\u9053\u592B\u7B56\u5212\u7684\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u4F5C\u6230\uFF08Operation George\uFF09\uFF0C\u4F46\u540E\u6765\u88AB\u7F29\u51CF\u4E3A\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u8482\u4F5C\u6230\uFF08Operation Georgette\uFF09\u3002\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u8482\u4F5C\u6230\u4E00\u8B6F\u300C\u55AC\u6CBB\u7279\u300D\u3002\u4F5C\u6230\u76EE\u6A19\u662F\u5360\u9886\u4F0A\u666E\u5C14\uFF0C\u8FEB\u4F7F\u82F1\u519B\u64A4\u56DE\u6D77\u5CE1\u6E2F\u53E3\uFF0C\u9000\u51FA\u6218\u4E89\u3002 \u5728\u8BA1\u5212\u3001\u6267\u884C\u548C\u5F71\u54CD\u65B9\u9762\uFF0C\u683C\u723E\u5967\u683C\u8482\u4F5C\u6230\u90FD\u50CF\u6625\u5B63\u653B\u52E2\u65E9\u671F\u7684\u7C73\u590F\u8036\u723E\u4F5C\u6230\u3002"@zh . . "The Battle of the Lys, also known as the Fourth Battle of Ypres, was fought from 7 to 29 April 1918 and was part of the German spring offensive in Flanders during the First World War. It was originally planned by General Erich Ludendorff as Operation George but was reduced to Operation Georgette, with the objective of capturing Ypres, forcing the British forces back to the Channel ports and out of the war. In planning, execution and effects, Georgette was similar to (although smaller than) Operation Michael, earlier in the Spring Offensive."@en . . . "Unknown" . "250"^^ . . . "Als Vierte Flandernschlacht wird die am 7. April 1918 beginnende vierte Schlacht um Ypern an der Westfront im Ersten Weltkrieg bezeichnet. Sie dauerte bis zum 29. April. Im deutschen Sprachraum wird die Auseinandersetzung zu den vier Flandernschlachten gez\u00E4hlt und auch als Schlacht bei Armentieres bezeichnet. In Frankreich bezeichnet man sie als la quatri\u00E8me bataille d'Ypres oder la bataille d' Estaires, \u00FCberwiegend aber als la bataille de la Lys (benannt nach dem Fl\u00FCsschen Lys (dt. Leie)). Im englischen Sprachraum spricht man von der Battle of the Lys (1918)."@de . . . . . "POINT(2.9000000953674 50.705554962158)"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u064A\u0632 (1918)"@ar . . . . . . "A Batalha de La Lys (7 a 29 de abril de 1918) foi uma enorme ofensiva militar alem\u00E3 focada ao norte da fronteira franco-belga, na regi\u00E3o da Flandres, durante a Primeira Grande Guerra. Tamb\u00E9m conhecida como Opera\u00E7\u00E3o Georgette, Ofensiva do Lys, Quarta Batalha de Ypres, Quarta Batalha da Flandres e Batalha de Estaires, fez parte da chamada Ofensiva de Primavera, onde os alem\u00E3es pretendiam romper as linhas Aliadas de uma vez por todas na Frente Ocidental europeia. Foi planejada pelo general Erich Ludendorff e de in\u00EDcio teria um alcance bem maior, mas acabou sendo reduzida em escala. Parte dos planos era tomar de vez a regi\u00E3o de Ypres e expulsar os brit\u00E2nicos dos portos belgas. Foi lan\u00E7ada como uma sequ\u00EAncia a Opera\u00E7\u00E3o Michael, tamb\u00E9m travada no contexto da Ofensiva de Primavera alem\u00E3. No final, a Opera\u00E7\u00E3o Georgette acabou falhando em seus objetivos principais e terminou sendo inconclusiva para os alem\u00E3es no quadro geral da guerra, dando vantagem t\u00E1tica aos Aliados. Nesta batalha, que marcou negativamente a participa\u00E7\u00E3o de Portugal na Primeira Guerra Mundial, os ex\u00E9rcitos alem\u00E3es infligiram uma pesada derrota \u00E0s tropas portuguesas, constituindo o maior desastre militar portugu\u00EAs depois da batalha de Alc\u00E1cer-Quibir, em 1578. A frente de combate distribu\u00EDa-se numa extensa linha de 55 quil\u00F3metros, entre as localidades de e de Armenti\u00E8res, guarnecida pelo , com cerca de 84 000 homens, entre os quais se compreendia a 2.\u00AA divis\u00E3o do Corpo Expedicion\u00E1rio Portugu\u00EAs (CEP), constitu\u00EDda por cerca de 20 000 homens, dos quais somente pouco mais de 15 000 estavam nas primeiras linhas, comandados pelo general Gomes da Costa (que mais tarde conta as mem\u00F3rias deste acontecimento em A Batalha do Lys (1920) no qual descreve a organiza\u00E7\u00E3o do C.E.P. e os seus dispositivos e enuncia os epis\u00F3dios pr\u00E9vios \u00E0 Batalha). Esta linha viu-se impotente para sustentar o embate de oito divis\u00F5es do , com cerca de 55 000 homens comandados pelo general (1850-1934). Essa ofensiva alem\u00E3, montada por Erich Ludendorff, ficou conhecida como ofensiva \"Georgette\" e visava \u00E0 tomada de Calais e Boulogne-sur-Mer. As tropas portuguesas, em apenas quatro horas de batalha na madrugada e manh\u00E3 de 9 de Abril, teriam registado milhares de baixas, entre mortos (1 341), feridos (4 626), desaparecidos (1 932) e prisioneiros (7440). De acordo com estudos recentes, por\u00E9m, esses n\u00FAmeros estariam muito inflacionados. Segundo um autor, em La Lys ter-se-\u00E3o registado apenas 423 mortos portugueses (de um total de 2 086 mortos do Corpo Expedicion\u00E1rio Portugu\u00EAs em 1917-1918) e cerca de 6 000 prisioneiros. Outro autor refere apenas 300 mortos e 6 000 prisioneiros portugueses em La Lys. Entre as diversas raz\u00F5es para esta derrota t\u00E3o evidente t\u00EAm sido citadas, por diversos historiadores, as seguintes: \n* A revolu\u00E7\u00E3o de dezembro de 1917, em Lisboa, que colocou na Presid\u00EAncia da Rep\u00FAblica o Major Doutor Sid\u00F3nio Pais, o qual alterou profundamente a pol\u00EDtica de beliger\u00E2ncia prosseguida antes pelo Partido Democr\u00E1tico; \n* A chamada a Lisboa, por ordem de Sid\u00F3nio Pais, de muitos oficiais com experi\u00EAncia de guerra ou por raz\u00F5es de persegui\u00E7\u00E3o pol\u00EDtica ou de favor pol\u00EDtico; \n* Devido \u00E0 falta de barcos, as tropas portuguesas n\u00E3o foram rendidas pelas brit\u00E2nicas, o que provocou um grande des\u00E2nimo nos soldados. Al\u00E9m disso, alguns oficiais, com maior poder econ\u00F3mico e influ\u00EAncia, conseguiram regressar a Portugal, mas n\u00E3o voltaram para ocupar os seus postos; \n* O moral do ex\u00E9rcito era t\u00E3o baixo que houve insubordina\u00E7\u00F5es, deser\u00E7\u00E3o e suic\u00EDdios. \n* A grande diferen\u00E7a num\u00E9rica entre as for\u00E7as portuguesas e as alem\u00E3s; \n* O armamento alem\u00E3o era muito melhor em qualidade e quantidade do que o usado pelas tropas portuguesas o qual, no entanto, era igual ao das tropas brit\u00E2nicas; \n* O ataque alem\u00E3o deu-se no dia em que as tropas lusas tinham recebido ordens para, finalmente, serem deslocadas para posi\u00E7\u00F5es mais \u00E0 retaguarda; \n* As tropas brit\u00E2nicas recuaram em suas posi\u00E7\u00F5es, deixando expostos os flancos do CEP, facilitando o seu envolvimento e aniquila\u00E7\u00E3o. O resultado da batalha j\u00E1 era esperado por oficiais respons\u00E1veis dentro do CEP, Gomes da Costa e Sinel de Cordes, que por diversas vezes tinham comunicado ao governo portugu\u00EAs o estado calamitoso das tropas. No entanto, \u00E9 de real\u00E7ar o facto de a ofensiva \"Georgette\" se tratar duma ofensiva j\u00E1 pr\u00F3xima do desespero, planeada pelo Alto Comando da Alemanha Imperial para causar a desorganiza\u00E7\u00E3o em profundidade da frente aliada antes da chegada das tropas norte-americanas, que nessa altura se encontravam prestes a embarcar ou j\u00E1 em tr\u00E2nsito para a Europa. O objectivo do general Ludendorff no sector portugu\u00EAs consistia em atacar fortemente nos flancos do CEP, consciente que nesse caso os flancos das linhas portuguesa e brit\u00E2nica vizinha recuariam para o interior das suas zonas defensivas respectivas em vez de manterem uma frente coerente, abrindo assim uma larga passagem por onde a infantaria alem\u00E3 se pudesse lan\u00E7ar. Coerente com essa t\u00E1ctica e para assegurar que os flancos do movimento alem\u00E3o n\u00E3o ficassem desprotegidos, os estrategas alem\u00E3es decidiram-se a simplesmente arrasar o sector portugu\u00EAs com a sua esmagadora superioridade em capacidade de fogo artilheiro (uma especialidade alem\u00E3), e deslocando para a ofensiva um grande n\u00FAmero de efectivos como se explica acima, (nas palavras dos pr\u00F3prios: \"Vamos abrir aqui um buraco e depois logo se v\u00EA!\", o que tamb\u00E9m indicia o estado de esp\u00EDrito j\u00E1 desesperado do planeamento da ofensiva). Nestas condi\u00E7\u00F5es, n\u00E3o surpreende a derrocada do CEP, que apesar de tudo resistiu como p\u00F4de atrasando o movimento alem\u00E3o o suficiente para as reservas aliadas serem mobilizadas para tapar a brecha. Esta resist\u00EAncia \u00E9 geralmente pouco valorizada em face da derrota, mas caso esta n\u00E3o se tivesse verificado a frente aliada na zona poderia ter sido envolvida por um movimento de cerco em ambos os flancos pelo ex\u00E9rcito alem\u00E3o, o que levaria ao seu colapso. Trata-se de uma batalha com muitos mitos em volta a distorcerem a percep\u00E7\u00E3o do realmente passado nesse dia 9 de Abril de 1918. Uma situa\u00E7\u00E3o an\u00E1loga \u00E0 da batalha de La Lys foi a da contra-ofensiva alem\u00E3 nas Ardenas na parte final da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a (Batalha do Bulge), que merece compara\u00E7\u00E3o pelas semelhan\u00E7as entre ambas. Novamente um ex\u00E9rcito aliado escasso para defender o sector atribu\u00EDdo ao I Ex\u00E9rcito dos Estados Unidos), sujeito a uma ofensiva desesperada por parte do Alto Comando Alem\u00E3o (OKW - Oberkommando der Wehrmacht), para desorganizar a frente aliada arrombando-a em profundidade, usando para o efeito quatro ex\u00E9rcitos completos (dois blindados) para atacar no sector do I ex\u00E9rcito norte-americano. A consequ\u00EAncia foi o colapso local da frente, com retirada desorganizada dos americanos e com milhares a serem feitos prisioneiros pelos alem\u00E3es, contido depois com as reservas aliadas (incluindo for\u00E7as sobreviventes da Batalha de Arnhem ainda em recupera\u00E7\u00E3o como a e a divis\u00F5es aerotransportadas) e com o desvio de recursos de outros ex\u00E9rcitos aliados nas regi\u00F5es vizinhas (com destaque para o III Ex\u00E9rcito do general Patton), obrigando a passar duma situa\u00E7\u00E3o de ofensiva geral aliada \u00E0 defesa do sector das Ardenas a todo o custo. Os aliados s\u00F3 retomariam a iniciativa na frente ocidental passado mais de um m\u00EAs. Comparando-se ambas compreende-se melhor a derrocada das for\u00E7as do CEP em La Lys. A experi\u00EAncia do Corpo Expedicion\u00E1rio Portugu\u00EAs no campo de batalha ficou registada na publica\u00E7\u00E3o Jo\u00E3o Ningu\u00E9m, soldado da Grande Guerra, com ilustra\u00E7\u00F5es e texto do capit\u00E3o Menezes Ferreira. Pela sua parte, Adelino Delduque da Costa, Coronel de Infantaria, feito prisioneiro pelas tropas alem\u00E3s a 9 de abril de 1918, escreveu durante oito meses e meio de cativeiro sob forma de di\u00E1rio entre os campos de Rastatt e Breesen as suas Notas do cativeiro, um dos mais vivos relatos dos acontecimentos que seguiram a derrota portuguesa, assim como das prec\u00E1rias condi\u00E7\u00F5es em que houve de sobreviver os oficiais portugueses aprisionados na Alemanha. Al\u00E9m destas, v\u00E1rias foram as obras editadas que t\u00EAm como pano de fundo o mais sangrento epis\u00F3dio da participa\u00E7\u00E3o portuguesa no conflito, nomeadamente: Flandres: notas e impress\u00F5es de Costa Dias (1920) e A 2\u00AA Divis\u00E3o Portuguesa na Batalha do Lys (1924) pelo Major Vasco de Carvalho com pref\u00E1cio do general Fernando Tamagnini. As cerim\u00F3nias da comemora\u00E7\u00E3o do anivers\u00E1rio da Batalha de La Lys t\u00EAm lugar, habitualmente, todos os anos no Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vit\u00F3ria - Batalha (Leiria) num dos primeiros fins de semana de Abril, com a presen\u00E7a dos v\u00E1rios ramos das for\u00E7as armadas portuguesas, entre outras entidades. No final, a ofensiva alem\u00E3 acabou perdendo for\u00E7a e com a chegada de refor\u00E7os franceses no fim de abril, os militares alem\u00E3es come\u00E7aram a sofrer perdas consider\u00E1veis. Perdendo a iniciativa, em 29 de abril o Alto Comando Alem\u00E3o cancelou a Opera\u00E7\u00E3o Georgette e desautorizou novas ofensivas naquele setor. Em um estudo feito em 2002, Marix Evans estimou as perdas alem\u00E3s em 109 300 (entre mortos, feridos e desaparecidos). Os brit\u00E2nicos perderam 76 300 homens e 60 aeronaves, enquanto os franceses registraram 35 000 baixas em combate. J\u00E1 Portugal contabilizou oficialmente 400 mortos e 6 600 homens feitos prisioneiros."@pt . . "Batalha de La Lys"@pt . . . . . . . . . "Belgium"@en . . . . "Battle of the Lys"@en . . . "Tamagnini de Abreu"@en . "1116999235"^^ . . "Friedrich von Armin"@en . . . "King Albert I"@en . . "50.7055549621582"^^ . "2.900000095367432"^^ . . . . . . . "Bitwa pod Lys (zwana tak\u017Ce IV bitw\u0105 pod Ypres) \u2013 bitwa na froncie zachodnim I wojny \u015Bwiatowej, stoczona w dniach 9\u201329 kwietnia 1918 pomi\u0119dzy oddzia\u0142ami niemieckimi a francuskimi, brytyjskimi i portugalskimi. Niemiecka ofensywa pod nazw\u0105 Kaiserschlacht pod dow\u00F3dztwem gen. Ludendorffa zmierzaj\u0105ca do opanowania Ypres we Flandrii i w konsekwencji do przerwania frontu, pomimo uchwycenia pewnych pozycji, za\u0142ama\u0142a si\u0119 po dwudziestu dniach walk, przy du\u017Cych stratach z obu stron."@pl . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . "Arthur Currie"@en . "22211"^^ . "German Lys offensive, 1918"@en . . . "La quarta battaglia di Ypres (meglio conosciuta come battaglia del Lys o operazione Georgette) \u00E8 stato uno scontro, svoltosi il 9 e il 29 aprile 1918, durante l'ultima grande offensiva tedesca della prima guerra mondiale. L'obiettivo principale dell'Alto comando tedesco era rappresentato dalla citt\u00E0 di Diksmuide. Gli attaccanti, dopo circa un mese di combattimenti, riuscirono a sfondare le linee britanniche tra Ypres e Loos. Nel giro di pochi giorni l'offensiva cominci\u00F2 ad affievolirsi, anche a causa dell'intervento delle forze francesi, sino ad arrestarsi definitivamente. I tedeschi non riuscirono a raggiungere gli obiettivi previsti e riuscirono solo a far indietreggiare di pochi chilometri le linee del fronte alleato."@it . . . . . . "\u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u00AB\u0414\u0436\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0442\u00BB"@uk . "The Battle of the Lys, also known as the Fourth Battle of Ypres, was fought from 7 to 29 April 1918 and was part of the German spring offensive in Flanders during the First World War. It was originally planned by General Erich Ludendorff as Operation George but was reduced to Operation Georgette, with the objective of capturing Ypres, forcing the British forces back to the Channel ports and out of the war. In planning, execution and effects, Georgette was similar to (although smaller than) Operation Michael, earlier in the Spring Offensive."@en . "Belgium" . . . . . . . "La bataille de la Lys, \u00E9galement connue sous le nom de quatri\u00E8me bataille d'Ypres ou de bataille d'Estaires (en Allemagne : Vierte Flandernschlacht), fait partie de l'ensemble des offensives allemandes dans les Flandres, l'op\u00E9ration Georgette con\u00E7ue par le g\u00E9n\u00E9ral Ludendorff pour reprendre Ypres, au cours de la Premi\u00E8re Guerre mondiale. La bataille de la Lys s'est d\u00E9roul\u00E9e du 9 avril au 29 avril 1918. L'\u00E9tat-major allemand a b\u00E9n\u00E9fici\u00E9 du renfort des troupes ramen\u00E9es de Russie \u00E0 la suite de la paix sign\u00E9e avec les soviets (trait\u00E9 de Brest-Litovsk)."@fr . . . . "Flanders, northeast France"@en . . . "Battle of the Lys (1918)"@en . "35 divisions (~612,500)" . "\u5229\u65AF\u6CB3\u6230\u5F79 (1918\u5E74)"@zh . . "\u010Ctvrt\u00E1 bitva u Yper"@cs . "Bitwa pod Lys (zwana tak\u017Ce IV bitw\u0105 pod Ypres) \u2013 bitwa na froncie zachodnim I wojny \u015Bwiatowej, stoczona w dniach 9\u201329 kwietnia 1918 pomi\u0119dzy oddzia\u0142ami niemieckimi a francuskimi, brytyjskimi i portugalskimi. Niemiecka ofensywa pod nazw\u0105 Kaiserschlacht pod dow\u00F3dztwem gen. Ludendorffa zmierzaj\u0105ca do opanowania Ypres we Flandrii i w konsekwencji do przerwania frontu, pomimo uchwycenia pewnych pozycji, za\u0142ama\u0142a si\u0119 po dwudziestu dniach walk, przy du\u017Cych stratach z obu stron."@pl . "Unknown"@en . . . . . "\u010Ctvrt\u00E1 bitva u Yper, zvan\u00E1 t\u00E9\u017E jako bitva na \u0159ece Leie, prob\u00EDhala mezi 7. a 29. dubnem 1918. Byla sou\u010D\u00E1st\u00ED n\u011Bmeck\u00E9 jarn\u00ED ofenz\u00EDvy ve Flandrech b\u011Bhem prvn\u00ED sv\u011Btov\u00E9 v\u00E1lky. Gener\u00E1l Erich Ludendorff ji p\u016Fvodn\u011B napl\u00E1noval pod jm\u00E9nem operace George, pozd\u011Bji se jej\u00ED n\u00E1zev zm\u011Bnil na operace Georgette. C\u00EDlem bylo dob\u00FDt Ypry a donutit britsk\u00E9 s\u00EDly k \u00FAstupu k p\u0159\u00EDstav\u016Fm u Laman\u0161sk\u00E9ho pr\u016Flivu. Britov\u00E9 by tak byli donuceni se ne\u00FA\u010Dastnit v\u00E1lky. Operace Georgette byla ve sv\u00E9m z\u00E1kladu podobn\u00E1 (i kdy\u017E men\u0161\u00ED ne\u017E) operaci Michael, kter\u00E1 se uskute\u010Dnila o m\u011Bs\u00EDc d\u0159\u00EDve t\u00E9ho\u017E roku."@cs . "50.705555555555556 2.9" . . . . . . . . "Quarta battaglia di Ypres"@it . . . "Battle of the Lys"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Vierte Flandernschlacht"@de . . "\u041E\u043F\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044F \u00AB\u0414\u0436\u043E\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0442\u00BB (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Unternehmen Georgette), \u0442\u0430\u043A\u043E\u0436 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043D\u0430 \u041B\u0456\u0441\u0456 1918 \u0440\u043E\u043A\u0443 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Battle of the Lys), \u0444\u0440. Bataille de la Lys \u0430\u0431\u043E \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0406\u043F\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0430\u043D\u0433\u043B. Fourth Battle of Ypres) \u0442\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0424\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0434\u0440\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Vierte Flandernschlacht) (7\u201429 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1918) \u2014 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0456\u044F \u043C\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E, \u0442\u0430\u043A \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u00AB\u0412\u0435\u0441\u043D\u044F\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E\u00BB, \u043D\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043F\u0443 \u043D\u0456\u043C\u0435\u0446\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0430\u0440\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u0441\u044C\u043A \u0441\u043E\u044E\u0437\u043D\u0438\u043A\u0456\u0432 \u043D\u0430 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0443 \u0444\u0440\u043E\u043D\u0442\u0456 \u043D\u0430\u043F\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0456\u043D\u0446\u0456 \u041F\u0435\u0440\u0448\u043E\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043E\u0432\u043E\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043D\u0438."@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ferdinand von Quast"@en . . .