. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Historia architektury angielskiej jest specyficzna i odbiega od historii architektury na kontynencie europejskim. Okresy stylistyczne nie daj\u0105 si\u0119 \u0142atwo wyr\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107, ich czas trwania jest odmienny. Dominuj\u0105cym stylem by\u0142 gotyk, kt\u00F3ry trwa\u0142 nieprzerwanie od XII do XIX wieku w r\u00F3\u017Cnych odmianach i pod r\u00F3\u017Cnymi nazwami. Okre\u015Blenie neogotyk jest zatem nieprecyzyjne w zastosowaniu wobec architektury angielskiej, gdy\u017C w pewnym sensie stanowi on rzeczywist\u0105 kontynuacj\u0119 gotyku. W\u015Br\u00F3d gothic revival daj\u0105 si\u0119 wyr\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107 nawi\u0105zania do poszczeg\u00F3lnych okres\u00F3w \u015Bredniowiecznego gotyku, np. pochodz\u0105cy z po\u0142owy XIX w gmach Parlamentu i Big Ben to wierna kopia stylu Gothic Perpendicular (wyst\u0119puj\u0105cego od po\u0142owy XIV wieku)"@pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C."@uk . "\uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uAC74\uCD95(\uC601\uC5B4: Architecture of the United Kingdom \uD639\uC740 \uC601\uC5B4: British Architecture)\uC740 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uAC74\uCD95\uBD80\uD130 21\uC138\uAE30 \uD604\uB300 \uAC74\uCD95\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uAC74\uCD95 \uC591\uC2DD\uC744 \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uC744 \uC774\uB8E8\uB294 \uC5F0\uD569\uC655\uAD6D \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370 \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC774 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC788\uB294 \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uC774\uB904\uB0C8\uC73C\uBA70 \uC774\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uBD81\uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC, \uC6E8\uC77C\uC2A4, \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uAC00 \uB3C5\uCC3D\uC801\uC778 \uC591\uC2DD\uC744 \uBC1C\uC804\uC2DC\uCF1C\uC654\uB2E4. \uBE0C\uB9AC\uD2BC \uC81C\uB3C4 \uC804\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC120\uC0AC \uC2DC\uB300\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC70\uC2AC\uB7EC \uC62C\uB77C\uAC00\uB294 \uACE0\uC804\uC801\uC778 \uAD6C\uC870\uBB3C\uC774 \uB2E4\uC218 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uB098, \uC601\uAD6D \uAC74\uCD95 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uBCF8\uACA9\uC801\uC778 \uBC1C\uD765\uC740 597\uB144 \uCE94\uD130\uBCA0\uB9AC\uC758 \uC544\uC6B0\uAD6C\uC2A4\uD2F0\uB204\uC2A4\uAC00 \uBE0C\uB9AC\uD2BC \uC655\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uC785\uC131\uD55C\uC9C0 \uC5BC\uB9C8 \uC9C0\uB098\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC544 \uC575\uAE00\uB85C\uC0C9\uC2A8\uC778\uC774 \uC9C0\uC740 \uD06C\uB9AC\uC2A4\uCC9C \uAD50\uD68C\uC5D0\uC11C \uBE44\uB86F\uB41C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC9C4\uB2E4. 11\uC138\uAE30 \uBB34\uB835, \uB178\uB974\uB9CC \uC591\uC2DD\uC758 \uAC74\uCD95\uBB3C\uC774 \uBE0C\uB9AC\uD2BC\uACFC \uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC\uC5D0 \uC655\uC131\uD558\uAC8C \uC9C0\uC5B4\uC9C0\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uB54C \uCD95\uC870\uB41C \uB300\uB2E4\uC218 \uAC74\uBB3C\uC740 \uB178\uB974\uB9CC\uC871\uC758 \uCE68\uB7B5\uC744 \uB3D5\uB294 \uC131\uACFC \uAD50\uD68C\uC600\uB2E4. 1180\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1520\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAF43\uD53C\uC6E0\uB358 \uC601\uAD6D\uC2DD \uACE0\uB515 \uAC74\uCD95\uC740 \uC6D0\uB798 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC720\uB798\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uB3C5\uCC3D\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uD615 \uBC0F \uACC4\uC2B9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "39280"^^ . . . . . . "Arquitetura do Reino Unido"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uAC74\uCD95"@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "La storia dell'architettura del Regno Unito viene tradizionalmente fatta iniziare dopo l'invasione normanna dell'Inghilterra. Nel corso dei secoli si sono sviluppati vari stili, fra i quali vanno ricordati il gotico inglese, il barocco inglese, Barocco edoardiano, l'Architettura elisabettiana, l'architettura georgiana, l'architettura giacobiana e l'architettura vittoriana."@it . . . "\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0438\u0438"@ru . . . . "La arquitectura del Reino Unido tiene una larga y diversa historia desde antes de Stonehenge hasta los dise\u00F1os del arquitecto contempor\u00E1neo internacionalmente reconocido Norman Foster."@es . . . . . . . . "La storia dell'architettura del Regno Unito viene tradizionalmente fatta iniziare dopo l'invasione normanna dell'Inghilterra. Nel corso dei secoli si sono sviluppati vari stili, fra i quali vanno ricordati il gotico inglese, il barocco inglese, Barocco edoardiano, l'Architettura elisabettiana, l'architettura georgiana, l'architettura giacobiana e l'architettura vittoriana."@it . "24224238"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A arquitetura do Reino Unido, ou arquitetura brit\u00E2nica, consiste em uma combina\u00E7\u00E3o ecl\u00E9tica de estilos arquitet\u00F4nicos, desde aqueles anteriores \u00E0 cria\u00E7\u00E3o do Reino Unido, como romana, at\u00E9 a contempor\u00E2nea do s\u00E9culo XXI. A Inglaterra viu os desenvolvimentos mais influentes, embora a Irlanda, a Esc\u00F3cia e o Pa\u00EDs de Gales tenham adotado estilos \u00FAnicos e desempenhado pap\u00E9is de lideran\u00E7a na hist\u00F3ria internacional da arquitetura. Embora existam estruturas pr\u00E9-hist\u00F3ricas e cl\u00E1ssicas no Reino Unido, a hist\u00F3ria da arquitetura brit\u00E2nica come\u00E7a efetivamente com as primeiras igrejas crist\u00E3s anglo-sax\u00F4nicas, constru\u00EDdas logo ap\u00F3s a chegada de Agostinho de Canterbury \u00E0 Gr\u00E3-Bretanha, em 597. A arquitetura normanda foi constru\u00EDda em larga escala em toda a Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e Irlanda a partir do s\u00E9culo XI, na forma de castelos e igrejas, para ajudar a impor a autoridade normanda sobre seus dom\u00EDnios. A arquitetura g\u00F3tica inglesa, que floresceu entre 1180 e 1520, foi inicialmente importada da Fran\u00E7a, mas rapidamente desenvolveu suas pr\u00F3prias qualidades. Em todo o Reino Unido, a arquitetura medieval secular deixou um legado de grandes castelos de pedra, com uma concentra\u00E7\u00E3o sendo encontrada nos dois lados da fronteira anglo-escocesa, datando das Guerras da Independ\u00EAncia Escocesa do s\u00E9culo XIV. A inven\u00E7\u00E3o da p\u00F3lvora e dos canh\u00F5es tornou os castelos redundantes, e o Renascimento ingl\u00EAs que se seguiu facilitou o desenvolvimento de novos estilos art\u00EDsticos para a arquitetura dom\u00E9stica: estilo Tudor, barroco ingl\u00EAs, estilo rainha Anne e paladiano. A arquitetura georgiana, escocesa baronial e neocl\u00E1ssica avan\u00E7ou ap\u00F3s o Iluminismo escoc\u00EAs e, desde a d\u00E9cada de 1930, surgiram v\u00E1rias formas modernistas, embora os movimentos de resist\u00EAncia tradicionalistas continuem com o apoio de Charles, pr\u00EDncipe de Gales. Al\u00E9m do Reino Unido, a influ\u00EAncia da arquitetura brit\u00E2nica \u00E9 evidente na maioria de suas ex-col\u00F4nias e territ\u00F3rios atuais em todo o mundo. A influ\u00EAncia \u00E9 particularmente forte na \u00CDndia, Bangladesh e Paquist\u00E3o resultado do dom\u00EDnio brit\u00E2nico na \u00CDndia nos s\u00E9culos XIX e XX. As cidades de Lahore, Mumbai, Calcut\u00E1, Daca e Chatig\u00E3o possuem tribunais, pr\u00E9dios administrativos e esta\u00E7\u00F5es ferrovi\u00E1rias projetadas nos estilos arquitet\u00F4nicos brit\u00E2nicos. No Reino Unido, um monumento programado \u00E9 um s\u00EDtio arqueol\u00F3gico \"de import\u00E2ncia nacional\" ou um edif\u00EDcio hist\u00F3rico, com prote\u00E7\u00E3o contra mudan\u00E7as n\u00E3o autorizadas. Um edif\u00EDcio listado \u00E9 um edif\u00EDcio ou outra estrutura decretada como tendo um significado arquitet\u00F4nico, hist\u00F3rico ou cultural especial; \u00E9 um status amplamente usado, aplicado a cerca de meio milh\u00E3o de edif\u00EDcios no Reino Unido, promulgado por disposi\u00E7\u00F5es na Lei de Planejamento de Cidades e Pa\u00EDses de 1947 e na Lei de Planejamento de Cidades e Pa\u00EDses (Esc\u00F3cia) de 1947."@pt . . "Historia architektury angielskiej"@pl . . . . . . . . . "1118538367"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "A arquitetura do Reino Unido, ou arquitetura brit\u00E2nica, consiste em uma combina\u00E7\u00E3o ecl\u00E9tica de estilos arquitet\u00F4nicos, desde aqueles anteriores \u00E0 cria\u00E7\u00E3o do Reino Unido, como romana, at\u00E9 a contempor\u00E2nea do s\u00E9culo XXI. A Inglaterra viu os desenvolvimentos mais influentes, embora a Irlanda, a Esc\u00F3cia e o Pa\u00EDs de Gales tenham adotado estilos \u00FAnicos e desempenhado pap\u00E9is de lideran\u00E7a na hist\u00F3ria internacional da arquitetura. Embora existam estruturas pr\u00E9-hist\u00F3ricas e cl\u00E1ssicas no Reino Unido, a hist\u00F3ria da arquitetura brit\u00E2nica come\u00E7a efetivamente com as primeiras igrejas crist\u00E3s anglo-sax\u00F4nicas, constru\u00EDdas logo ap\u00F3s a chegada de Agostinho de Canterbury \u00E0 Gr\u00E3-Bretanha, em 597. A arquitetura normanda foi constru\u00EDda em larga escala em toda a Gr\u00E3-Bretanha e Irlanda a partir do s\u00E9culo XI, na form"@pt . . "\uC601\uAD6D\uC758 \uAC74\uCD95(\uC601\uC5B4: Architecture of the United Kingdom \uD639\uC740 \uC601\uC5B4: British Architecture)\uC740 \uB85C\uB9C8 \uAC74\uCD95\uBD80\uD130 21\uC138\uAE30 \uD604\uB300 \uAC74\uCD95\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uB2E4\uC591\uD55C \uAC74\uCD95 \uC591\uC2DD\uC744 \uD3EC\uAD04\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC601\uAD6D\uC744 \uC774\uB8E8\uB294 \uC5F0\uD569\uC655\uAD6D \uAC00\uC6B4\uB370 \uC789\uAE00\uB79C\uB4DC \uC9C0\uC5ED\uC774 \uAC00\uC7A5 \uC601\uD5A5\uB825\uC788\uB294 \uBC1C\uC804\uC744 \uC774\uB904\uB0C8\uC73C\uBA70 \uC774\uC640 \uD568\uAED8 \uBD81\uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC, \uC6E8\uC77C\uC2A4, \uC2A4\uCF54\uD2C0\uB79C\uB4DC\uAC00 \uB3C5\uCC3D\uC801\uC778 \uC591\uC2DD\uC744 \uBC1C\uC804\uC2DC\uCF1C\uC654\uB2E4. \uBE0C\uB9AC\uD2BC \uC81C\uB3C4 \uC804\uC5ED\uC5D0 \uC120\uC0AC \uC2DC\uB300\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAC70\uC2AC\uB7EC \uC62C\uB77C\uAC00\uB294 \uACE0\uC804\uC801\uC778 \uAD6C\uC870\uBB3C\uC774 \uB2E4\uC218 \uC874\uC7AC\uD558\uB098, \uC601\uAD6D \uAC74\uCD95 \uBB38\uD654\uC758 \uBCF8\uACA9\uC801\uC778 \uBC1C\uD765\uC740 597\uB144 \uCE94\uD130\uBCA0\uB9AC\uC758 \uC544\uC6B0\uAD6C\uC2A4\uD2F0\uB204\uC2A4\uAC00 \uBE0C\uB9AC\uD2BC \uC655\uAD6D\uC5D0 \uC785\uC131\uD55C\uC9C0 \uC5BC\uB9C8 \uC9C0\uB098\uC9C0 \uC54A\uC544 \uC575\uAE00\uB85C\uC0C9\uC2A8\uC778\uC774 \uC9C0\uC740 \uD06C\uB9AC\uC2A4\uCC9C \uAD50\uD68C\uC5D0\uC11C \uBE44\uB86F\uB41C \uAC83\uC73C\uB85C \uC5EC\uACA8\uC9C4\uB2E4. 11\uC138\uAE30 \uBB34\uB835, \uB178\uB974\uB9CC \uC591\uC2DD\uC758 \uAC74\uCD95\uBB3C\uC774 \uBE0C\uB9AC\uD2BC\uACFC \uC544\uC77C\uB79C\uB4DC\uC5D0 \uC655\uC131\uD558\uAC8C \uC9C0\uC5B4\uC9C0\uAE30 \uC2DC\uC791\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uB54C \uCD95\uC870\uB41C \uB300\uB2E4\uC218 \uAC74\uBB3C\uC740 \uB178\uB974\uB9CC\uC871\uC758 \uCE68\uB7B5\uC744 \uB3D5\uB294 \uC131\uACFC \uAD50\uD68C\uC600\uB2E4. 1180\uB144\uBD80\uD130 1520\uB144\uAE4C\uC9C0 \uAF43\uD53C\uC6E0\uB358 \uC601\uAD6D\uC2DD \uACE0\uB515 \uAC74\uCD95\uC740 \uC6D0\uB798 \uD504\uB791\uC2A4\uC5D0\uC11C \uC720\uB798\uD588\uC9C0\uB9CC \uC601\uAD6D\uC5D0\uC11C \uB3C5\uCC3D\uC801\uC73C\uB85C \uBCC0\uD615 \uBC0F \uACC4\uC2B9\uB418\uC5C8\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . . . . . . "Architecture of the United Kingdom"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457 \u2014 \u0441\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043D\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0456 \u043F\u0430\u043C'\u044F\u0442\u043A\u0438, \u0449\u043E \u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043D\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043D\u0443 \u0437\u043D\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C."@uk . . "Architettura britannica"@it . . . . "The architecture of the United Kingdom, or British architecture, consists of a combination of architectural styles, dating as far back to Roman architecture, to the present day 21st century contemporary. England has seen the most influential developments, though Ireland, Scotland, and Wales have each fostered unique styles and played leading roles in the international history of architecture. Although there are prehistoric and classical structures in the United Kingdom, British architectural history effectively begins with the first Anglo-Saxon Christian churches, built soon after Augustine of Canterbury arrived in Great Britain in 597. Norman architecture was built on a vast scale throughout Great Britain and Ireland from the 11th century onwards in the form of castles and churches to hel"@en . . . "\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0457 \u0411\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043D\u0456\u0457"@uk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Historia architektury angielskiej jest specyficzna i odbiega od historii architektury na kontynencie europejskim. Okresy stylistyczne nie daj\u0105 si\u0119 \u0142atwo wyr\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107, ich czas trwania jest odmienny. Dominuj\u0105cym stylem by\u0142 gotyk, kt\u00F3ry trwa\u0142 nieprzerwanie od XII do XIX wieku w r\u00F3\u017Cnych odmianach i pod r\u00F3\u017Cnymi nazwami. Okre\u015Blenie neogotyk jest zatem nieprecyzyjne w zastosowaniu wobec architektury angielskiej, gdy\u017C w pewnym sensie stanowi on rzeczywist\u0105 kontynuacj\u0119 gotyku. W\u015Br\u00F3d gothic revival daj\u0105 si\u0119 wyr\u00F3\u017Cni\u0107 nawi\u0105zania do poszczeg\u00F3lnych okres\u00F3w \u015Bredniowiecznego gotyku, np. pochodz\u0105cy z po\u0142owy XIX w gmach Parlamentu i Big Ben to wierna kopia stylu Gothic Perpendicular (wyst\u0119puj\u0105cego od po\u0142owy XIV wieku)"@pl . . . 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"Arquitectura del Reino Unido"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The architecture of the United Kingdom, or British architecture, consists of a combination of architectural styles, dating as far back to Roman architecture, to the present day 21st century contemporary. England has seen the most influential developments, though Ireland, Scotland, and Wales have each fostered unique styles and played leading roles in the international history of architecture. Although there are prehistoric and classical structures in the United Kingdom, British architectural history effectively begins with the first Anglo-Saxon Christian churches, built soon after Augustine of Canterbury arrived in Great Britain in 597. Norman architecture was built on a vast scale throughout Great Britain and Ireland from the 11th century onwards in the form of castles and churches to help impose Norman authority upon their dominions. English Gothic architecture, which flourished between 1180 until around 1520, was initially imported from France, but quickly developed its own unique qualities. Throughout the United Kingdom, secular medieval architecture has left a legacy of large stone castles, with a concentration being found lining both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border, dating from the Wars of Scottish Independence of the 14th century. The invention of gunpowder and cannons made castles redundant, and the English Renaissance that followed facilitated development of new artistic styles for domestic architecture: Tudor style, English Baroque, Queen Anne Style, and Palladian. Georgian, Scots Baronial and Neoclassical architecture advanced after the Scottish Enlightenment, and since the 1930s various modernist forms appeared, though traditionalist resistance movements continue with support from Charles, Prince of Wales. Beyond the United Kingdom, the influence of British architecture is evident in most of its former colonies and current territories across the globe. The influence is particularly strong in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan the result of British rule in India in the 19th and 20th centuries. The cities of Lahore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Dhaka and Chittagong have courts, administrative buildings and railway stations designed in British architectural styles. In the United Kingdom, a scheduled monument is a \"nationally important\" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorised change. A listed building is a building or other structure decreed as being of special architectural, historical or cultural significance; it is a widely used status, applied to around half a million buildings in the UK, enacted by provisions in the Town and Country Planning Act 1947 and the ."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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"La arquitectura del Reino Unido tiene una larga y diversa historia desde antes de Stonehenge hasta los dise\u00F1os del arquitecto contempor\u00E1neo internacionalmente reconocido Norman Foster."@es . . .