. . . "En phon\u00E9tique articulatoire, une consonne apicale est une consonne articul\u00E9e avec la pointe de la langue ou sa partie ant\u00E9rieure. Sont articul\u00E9es ainsi les consonnes dont le lieu d'articulation se situe vers l'avant de la bouche : linguo-labiales, dentales, alv\u00E9olaires, post-alv\u00E9olaires et r\u00E9troflexes. En alphabet phon\u00E9tique international, c'est not\u00E9 avec le pontet renvers\u00E9 souscrit \u25CC\u033A \n* Portail de la linguistique"@fr . . "En phon\u00E9tique articulatoire, une consonne apicale est une consonne articul\u00E9e avec la pointe de la langue ou sa partie ant\u00E9rieure. Sont articul\u00E9es ainsi les consonnes dont le lieu d'articulation se situe vers l'avant de la bouche : linguo-labiales, dentales, alv\u00E9olaires, post-alv\u00E9olaires et r\u00E9troflexes. En alphabet phon\u00E9tique international, c'est not\u00E9 avec le pontet renvers\u00E9 souscrit \u25CC\u033A \n* Portail de la linguistique"@fr . . . "1111404036"^^ . . . . . "\u25CC\u033A"@en . "Apikal (Linguistik)"@de . . . "Een apicaal is een foon (spraakgeluid) geproduceerd door de luchtstroom in de mond te belemmeren met het puntje van de tong. Apicaal is de tegenhanger van laminaal, waarbij het midden van de tong wordt gebruikt. De vergelijking tussen apicaal en laminaal is vrij zeldzaam, en slaat vrijwel alleen op fricatieven en affricaten."@nl . "An apical consonant is a phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue (apex) in conjunction with upper articulators from lips to postalveolar, and possibly prepalatal. It contrasts with laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue, just behind the tip. Sometimes apical is used exclusively for an articulation that involves only the tip of the tongue and apicolaminal for an articulation that involves both the tip and the blade of the tongue. However, the distinction is not always made and the latter one may be called simply apical, especially when describing an apical dental articulation. As there is some laminal contact in the alveolar region, the apicolaminal dental consonants are also labelled as "@en . . "Sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oski apikalne i laminalne"@pl . "\u0410\u043F\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0301\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435 (\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435) \u2014 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u044C\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 \u043A \u0437\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043C. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u043A \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u0430\u0444\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043C. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C, \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445."@ru . "Consonne apicale"@fr . . "Consoante apical \u00E9 um fone produzido pela obstru\u00E7\u00E3o da passagem de ar com a ponta da l\u00EDngua. Ela contrasta com as laminais, que s\u00E3o produzidas pela cria\u00E7\u00E3o de uma obstru\u00E7\u00E3o com a , logo atr\u00E1s da ponta."@pt . "Consoante apical \u00E9 um fone produzido pela obstru\u00E7\u00E3o da passagem de ar com a ponta da l\u00EDngua. Ela contrasta com as laminais, que s\u00E3o produzidas pela cria\u00E7\u00E3o de uma obstru\u00E7\u00E3o com a , logo atr\u00E1s da ponta."@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Apikal inneb\u00E4r att n\u00E5got sker \"fr\u00E5n toppen\". Det kan exempelvis vara ett ljud med tungspetsen, en s\u00E5 kallad apikal konsonant. Ordet \u00E4r vanligt inom anatomi och v\u00E4xtfysiologi. Exempelvis att en v\u00E4xt v\u00E4xer apikalt, allts\u00E5 fr\u00E5n toppen."@sv . "Apikal adalah bunyi atau fonem yang berkenaan dengan ujung lidah atau penyempitan antara ujung lidah dan gigi atas."@in . . . . "Apikal adalah bunyi atau fonem yang berkenaan dengan ujung lidah atau penyempitan antara ujung lidah dan gigi atas."@in . . . "Apical"@en . "Sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oska apikalna \u2013 sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oska artyku\u0142owana za pomoc\u0105 czubka j\u0119zyka w przeciwie\u0144stwie do sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oski laminalnej, artyku\u0142owanej g\u00F3rn\u0105 powierzchni\u0105 j\u0119zyka. Rozr\u00F3\u017Cnienie to odnosi si\u0119 do sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142osek dzi\u0105s\u0142owych i szczytowych. W j\u0119zyku polskim sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oskami apikalnymi s\u0105 [l] i [r]. Laminalne s\u0105 [t], [d], [n] [s], [z], [c], [dz], [sz], [\u017C], [cz] i [d\u017C]. W niekt\u00F3rych odmianach j\u0119zyka arabskiego (w Hadramaucie) \uFE95 [t] jest realizowane jako g\u0142oska laminalna, \uFEA9 [d] za\u015B jako apikalna."@pl . "\u820C\u5C16\u97F3"@zh . . . . "Consonante apicale"@it . . . . . . . . . "Apikal"@sv . . "1223371"^^ . . . . "Ein Apikal ist ein Phon (Sprachlaut), der durch Blockieren des Luftstroms mit der Zungenspitze (dem Apex linguae) gebildet wird. Er unterscheidet sich von den laminalen Konsonanten, die dadurch gebildet werden, dass der Luftstrom durch das Zungenblatt blockiert wird.Im Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet werden apikale Laute durch ein untergesetztes umgekehrtes Br\u00FCckensymbol (\u25CC\u033A, Unicode COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW U+033A) gekennzeichnet. Lautbezeichnung nach Artikulationsorgan labial | |koronal |laminal |dorsal |radikal |glottal"@de . "Una consonante apical es un sonido conson\u00E1ntico producido obstruyendo el paso del aire mediante el \u00E1pice de la lengua (es decir la punta de la lengua). Este tipo de articulaci\u00F3n difiere del de las laminares en las que la obstrucci\u00F3n se produce con la l\u00E1mina (tercio anterior de la lengua, situado justo detr\u00E1s del \u00E1pice). En el Alfabeto Fon\u00E9tico Internacional, el diacr\u00EDtico para las consonantes apicales es / \u25CC\u033A /."@es . "\u820C\u5C16\u97F3\uFF08Apical consonant\uFF09\u6307\u9876\u4F4F\u6216\u8005\u63A5\u8FD1\u95E8\u9F7F\u3001\u3001\u786C\u989A\u800C\u53D1\u51FA\u7684\u8F85\u97F3\u3002 \u820C\u5C16\u97F3\u5305\u62EC\uFF1A \n* \u9F7F\u97F3\u6216\u820C\u5C16\u524D\u97F3 \n* \u9F7F\u9F88\u97F3\u6216\u820C\u5C16\u4E2D\u97F3 \n* \u5377\u820C\u97F3\u6216\u820C\u5C16\u540E\u97F3 \n* \u9F7F\u989A\u97F3 \u9664\u4E86\u9A6C\u62C9\u96C5\u62C9\u59C6\u8BED\u4EE5\u5916\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u8BED\u8A00\u6CA1\u6709\u820C\u5C16\u524D\u585E\u97F3\u548C\u820C\u5C16\u4E2D\u585E\u97F3\u7684\u5BF9\u7ACB\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\uFF1A\u4FC4\u8BED\u3001\u6CD5\u8BED\u4E2D\u7684t d n\u8BFB\u4F5C\u820C\u5C16\u524D\u97F3\u27E8t\u033A d\u033A n\u033A\u27E9\uFF0C\u800C\u82F1\u8BED\u7684\u8BFB\u4F5C\u820C\u5C16\u4E2D\u97F3\u3002"@zh . "An apical consonant is a phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the tip of the tongue (apex) in conjunction with upper articulators from lips to postalveolar, and possibly prepalatal. It contrasts with laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue, just behind the tip. Sometimes apical is used exclusively for an articulation that involves only the tip of the tongue and apicolaminal for an articulation that involves both the tip and the blade of the tongue. However, the distinction is not always made and the latter one may be called simply apical, especially when describing an apical dental articulation. As there is some laminal contact in the alveolar region, the apicolaminal dental consonants are also labelled as denti-alveolar. It is not a very common distinction and is typically applied only to fricatives and affricates. Thus, many varieties of English have either apical or laminal pairs of [t]/[d]. However, some varieties of Arabic, including Hadhrami Arabic in Yemen, realize [t] as laminal but [d] as apical. Basque uses the distinction for alveolar fricatives, as does Serbo-Croatian. Mandarin Chinese uses it for postalveolar fricatives (the \"alveolo-palatal\" and \"retroflex\" series). Lillooet uses it as a secondary feature in contrasting velarized and non-velarized affricates. A distinction between apical and laminal is common in Australian Aboriginal languages for nasals, plosives and (usually) lateral approximants. Most dialects in the Bengali\u2013Assamese continuum distinguish between dental\u2013laminal alveolar stops and apical alveolar stops. In Upper Assamese, they have merged and leave only the apical alveolar stops. In Western Bengali apical alveolars are replaced by apical post-alveolars. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, the diacritic for apical consonants is U+033A \u25CC\u033A COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW."@en . . "Apikal"@in . . . "In fonetica articolatoria, una consonante apicale \u00E8 un fono (suono del discorso) prodotto ostruendo il passaggio dell'aria con l'apice della lingua (cio\u00E8 la punta della lingua). Questo suono \u00E8 l'opposto delle consonanti laminari, che sono prodotte creando un'ostruzione con la lama della lingua (che si trova appena dietro all'apice). Entrambi sono parte delle coronali, articolate con la parte anteriore della lingua."@it . . "Apical consonant"@en . "826"^^ . . "Ein Apikal ist ein Phon (Sprachlaut), der durch Blockieren des Luftstroms mit der Zungenspitze (dem Apex linguae) gebildet wird. Er unterscheidet sich von den laminalen Konsonanten, die dadurch gebildet werden, dass der Luftstrom durch das Zungenblatt blockiert wird.Im Internationalen Phonetischen Alphabet werden apikale Laute durch ein untergesetztes umgekehrtes Br\u00FCckensymbol (\u25CC\u033A, Unicode COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW U+033A) gekennzeichnet. Es ist keine besonders \u00FCbliche Unterscheidung und wird nur bei Frikativen und Affrikaten verwendet. So haben viele Variet\u00E4ten des Englischen entweder apikale oder laminale Paare von \u200B[\u2060t\u2060]\u200B/\u200B[\u2060d\u2060]\u200B. Einige Variet\u00E4ten des Arabischen, das Hadramitische (Hadramautisch) eingeschlossen, realisiert das [t] als Laminal, das [d] hingegen als Apikal. Das Baskische verwendet diese Unterscheidung bei den alveolaren Frikativen, so wie im Serbokroatischen. Die nordchinesischen Dialekte bzw. das Hochchinesische verwenden dies bei postalveolaren Frikativen (\u201EAlveolo-palatal\u201C- und \u201ERetroflex\u201C-Laute). Die Lilloeet-Sprache benutzt dies als Sekund\u00E4rmerkmal, indem sie velarisierte und nicht-velarisierte Affrikate gegen\u00FCberstellt. Eine Unterscheidung zwischen Apikal und Laminal ist verbreitet in australischen Sprachen bei Nasalen, Plosiven und normalerweise auch bei den lateralen Approximanten. Lautbezeichnung nach Artikulationsorgan labial | |koronal |laminal |dorsal |radikal |glottal"@de . . . . . "Consonante apical"@es . . . . . . . . "Apeksa konsonanto, a\u016D pli klare langopinta konsonanto, a\u016D fak\u0135argone apikalo estas parolsono farita per \u015Dtopado (obstrukco) de la aerpasejo per la pinto (apekso) de la lango. Tio kontrastas kun la laminalaj konsonantoj, produktataj per \u015Dtopado per la de la lango (kio estas tuj super kaj malanta\u016D la apekso)."@eo . "Apeksa konsonanto"@eo . "Consoante apical"@pt . . . . . . . "\u820C\u5C16\u97F3\uFF08\u305C\u3063\u305B\u3093\u304A\u3093\uFF09\u306F\u820C\u5148\uFF08\u820C\u5C16\uFF09\u3067\u8ABF\u97F3\u3055\u308C\u308B\u97F3\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . "In fonetica articolatoria, una consonante apicale \u00E8 un fono (suono del discorso) prodotto ostruendo il passaggio dell'aria con l'apice della lingua (cio\u00E8 la punta della lingua). Questo suono \u00E8 l'opposto delle consonanti laminari, che sono prodotte creando un'ostruzione con la lama della lingua (che si trova appena dietro all'apice). Entrambi sono parte delle coronali, articolate con la parte anteriore della lingua. Non si tratta di una distinzione molto comune, e tipicamente si applica solamente alle fricative e alle affricate. Pertanto molte variet\u00E0 della lingua inglese hanno coppie apicali o laminali di [t]/[d]. Tuttavia, alcune variet\u00E0 di arabo, compreso l', realizzano [t] come laminale ma [d] come apicale. La lingua basca utilizza questa distinzione per le fricative alveolari, come la lingua serbo-croata. Il cinese la usa per le fricative postalveolari (la serie \"alveolo-palatale\" e \"retroflessa\"). Lo la utilizza come seconda caratteristica nell'opposizione tra affricate velarizzate e non velarizzate. Una distinzione tra apicali e laminari \u00E8 comune nelle lingue australiane aborigene per le nasali, le occlusive e di solito anche per le approssimanti laterali."@it . . "409"^^ . "Apeksa konsonanto, a\u016D pli klare langopinta konsonanto, a\u016D fak\u0135argone apikalo estas parolsono farita per \u015Dtopado (obstrukco) de la aerpasejo per la pinto (apekso) de la lango. Tio kontrastas kun la laminalaj konsonantoj, produktataj per \u015Dtopado per la de la lango (kio estas tuj super kaj malanta\u016D la apekso)."@eo . . . . . "4072"^^ . "Apicaal (fonetiek)"@nl . . . "\u0410\u043F\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0301\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0301\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435 (\u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u0432\u044B\u0435) \u2014 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043A\u0438, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u043C\u044B\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u0442\u043E\u043A \u0432\u043E\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u043F\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441\u0430\u043C\u044B\u043C \u043A\u043E\u043D\u0447\u0438\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430. \u041F\u0440\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043E\u043F\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0436\u043D\u043E\u0435 \u043C\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043E \u0437\u0430\u043D\u0438\u043C\u0430\u044E\u0442 \u043B\u0430\u043C\u0438\u043D\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435, \u043A\u043E\u0442\u043E\u0440\u044B\u0435 \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0438\u0437\u043D\u043E\u0441\u044F\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0441 \u043F\u043E\u043C\u043E\u0449\u044C\u044E \u043F\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0438\u044F \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043E \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430 \u043A \u0437\u0443\u0431\u0430\u043C. \u042D\u0442\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043B\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043D\u0435 \u043E\u0441\u043E\u0431\u0435\u043D\u043D\u043E \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043F\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D\u0435\u043D\u043E \u0438 \u043E\u0431\u044B\u0447\u043D\u043E \u043E\u0442\u043D\u043E\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0442\u043E\u043B\u044C\u043A\u043E \u043A \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u043C \u0438 \u0430\u0444\u0444\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043C. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u043A\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C, \u043A\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0431\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C \u044F\u0437\u044B\u043A\u0430\u0445."@ru . "\u0410\u043F\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043B\u044C\u043D\u044B\u0435 \u0441\u043E\u0433\u043B\u0430\u0441\u043D\u044B\u0435"@ru . "Apikal inneb\u00E4r att n\u00E5got sker \"fr\u00E5n toppen\". Det kan exempelvis vara ett ljud med tungspetsen, en s\u00E5 kallad apikal konsonant. Ordet \u00E4r vanligt inom anatomi och v\u00E4xtfysiologi. Exempelvis att en v\u00E4xt v\u00E4xer apikalt, allts\u00E5 fr\u00E5n toppen."@sv . "Una consonante apical es un sonido conson\u00E1ntico producido obstruyendo el paso del aire mediante el \u00E1pice de la lengua (es decir la punta de la lengua). Este tipo de articulaci\u00F3n difiere del de las laminares en las que la obstrucci\u00F3n se produce con la l\u00E1mina (tercio anterior de la lengua, situado justo detr\u00E1s del \u00E1pice). No es muy frecuente el contraste entre consonantes apicales y laminales o apicales y predorsales; frecuentemente las lenguas que presentan este tipo de contraste lo restringen a las africadas. En espa\u00F1ol del siglo XVI existi\u00F3 esta diferencia entre /s\u033A/ (apical) y /s\u032A\u033A/ (laminar) (esta \u00FAltima dio origen en el centro y norte de Espa\u00F1a a /\u03B8/, mientras que en Am\u00E9rica, Canarias, gran parte de Andaluc\u00EDa y Extremadura se conserv\u00F3 dicha sibilante sin cambios, pero la apical se transform\u00F3 en laminar). Tambi\u00E9n en algunas variedades de ingl\u00E9s diferencian entre variantes de apicales y laminares de [t]/[d]. Algunas variantes de \u00E1rabe, incluyendo el \u00E1rabe de Hadhramaut, articula [t\u033B] como laminar pero [d\u033A] como apical. El euskera tiene tambi\u00E9n este contraste en las sibilanes alveolares, y tambi\u00E9n el serbocroata. En chino mandar\u00EDn se usan este contraste como rasgo adicional dentro de las postaveolares (eso diferencia a las \"alveo-palatales\" de las \"retroflejas\"). El usa el contraste apical como rasgo secundario para las africadas velarizadas y no-velarizadas. El contraste entre apicales y laminares es tambi\u00E9n com\u00FAn en lenguas australianas en las nasales, las oclusivas y las laterales. En el Alfabeto Fon\u00E9tico Internacional, el diacr\u00EDtico para las consonantes apicales es / \u25CC\u033A /."@es . "\u820C\u5C16\u97F3\uFF08Apical consonant\uFF09\u6307\u9876\u4F4F\u6216\u8005\u63A5\u8FD1\u95E8\u9F7F\u3001\u3001\u786C\u989A\u800C\u53D1\u51FA\u7684\u8F85\u97F3\u3002 \u820C\u5C16\u97F3\u5305\u62EC\uFF1A \n* \u9F7F\u97F3\u6216\u820C\u5C16\u524D\u97F3 \n* \u9F7F\u9F88\u97F3\u6216\u820C\u5C16\u4E2D\u97F3 \n* \u5377\u820C\u97F3\u6216\u820C\u5C16\u540E\u97F3 \n* \u9F7F\u989A\u97F3 \u9664\u4E86\u9A6C\u62C9\u96C5\u62C9\u59C6\u8BED\u4EE5\u5916\uFF0C\u4E00\u822C\u8BED\u8A00\u6CA1\u6709\u820C\u5C16\u524D\u585E\u97F3\u548C\u820C\u5C16\u4E2D\u585E\u97F3\u7684\u5BF9\u7ACB\u3002\u4F8B\u5982\uFF1A\u4FC4\u8BED\u3001\u6CD5\u8BED\u4E2D\u7684t d n\u8BFB\u4F5C\u820C\u5C16\u524D\u97F3\u27E8t\u033A d\u033A n\u033A\u27E9\uFF0C\u800C\u82F1\u8BED\u7684\u8BFB\u4F5C\u820C\u5C16\u4E2D\u97F3\u3002"@zh . "\u820C\u5C16\u97F3\uFF08\u305C\u3063\u305B\u3093\u304A\u3093\uFF09\u306F\u820C\u5148\uFF08\u820C\u5C16\uFF09\u3067\u8ABF\u97F3\u3055\u308C\u308B\u97F3\u3092\u3044\u3046\u3002"@ja . "Een apicaal is een foon (spraakgeluid) geproduceerd door de luchtstroom in de mond te belemmeren met het puntje van de tong. Apicaal is de tegenhanger van laminaal, waarbij het midden van de tong wordt gebruikt. De vergelijking tussen apicaal en laminaal is vrij zeldzaam, en slaat vrijwel alleen op fricatieven en affricaten."@nl . "Sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oska apikalna \u2013 sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oska artyku\u0142owana za pomoc\u0105 czubka j\u0119zyka w przeciwie\u0144stwie do sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oski laminalnej, artyku\u0142owanej g\u00F3rn\u0105 powierzchni\u0105 j\u0119zyka. Rozr\u00F3\u017Cnienie to odnosi si\u0119 do sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142osek dzi\u0105s\u0142owych i szczytowych. W j\u0119zyku polskim sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142oskami apikalnymi s\u0105 [l] i [r]. Laminalne s\u0105 [t], [d], [n] [s], [z], [c], [dz], [sz], [\u017C], [cz] i [d\u017C]. Rozr\u00F3\u017Cnienie mi\u0119dzy tymi dwoma typami sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142osek jest fonemiczne w j\u0119zyku baskijskim i j\u0119zykach tubylczych Australii. R\u00F3wnie\u017C w niekt\u00F3rych j\u0119zykach salisz istnieje takie rozr\u00F3\u017Cnienie, wspomagane obecno\u015Bci\u0105 welaryzacji lub faryngalizacji sp\u00F3\u0142g\u0142osek apikalnych. W niekt\u00F3rych odmianach j\u0119zyka arabskiego (w Hadramaucie) \uFE95 [t] jest realizowane jako g\u0142oska laminalna, \uFEA9 [d] za\u015B jako apikalna."@pl . . . "\u820C\u5C16\u97F3"@ja .