"Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology. It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. The dogma was championed by the Nobel Prize Laureate Christian B. Anfinsen from his research on the folding of ribonuclease A. The postulate amounts to saying that, at the environmental conditions (temperature, solvent concentration and composition, etc.) at which folding occurs, the native structure is a unique, stable and kinetically accessible minimum of the free energy. In other words, there are three conditions for formation of a unique protein structure:"@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3\u30BB\u30F3\u306E\u30C9\u30B0\u30DE"@ja . . . . . . "\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3\u30BB\u30F3\u306E\u30C9\u30B0\u30DE\uFF08\u82F1: Anfinsen's dogma\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u71B1\u529B\u5B66\u7684\u4EEE\u8AAC\uFF08\u82F1: thermodynamic hypothesis\uFF09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3001\u5206\u5B50\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u306F\u3001\u5C11\u306A\u304F\u3068\u3082\u6A19\u6E96\u7684\u306A\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u74B0\u5883\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5C0F\u3055\u306A\u7403\u72B6\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u672C\u6765\u306E\u69CB\u9020\u306F\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u306E\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u914D\u5217\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306E\u307F\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u30C9\u30B0\u30DE\u306F\u3001\u30CE\u30FC\u30D9\u30EB\u8CDE\u53D7\u8CDE\u8005\u306E\u30AF\u30EA\u30B9\u30C1\u30E3\u30F3 B. \u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3\u30BB\u30F3\u304C\u3001\u30EA\u30DC\u30CC\u30AF\u30EC\u30A2\u30FC\u30BCA\u306E\u6298\u308A\u305F\u305F\u307F\uFF08\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30EB\u30C7\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3076\uFF09\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u5F7C\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u304B\u3089\u63D0\u5531\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u306F\u3001\u6298\u308A\u305F\u305F\u307F\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u74B0\u5883\u6761\u4EF6\uFF08\u6E29\u5EA6\u3001\u6EB6\u5A92\u6FC3\u5EA6\u3001\u7D44\u6210\u306A\u3069\uFF09\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672C\u6765\u306E\u69CB\u9020\u306F\u30E6\u30CB\u30FC\u30AF\u3067\u5B89\u5B9A\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u901F\u5EA6\u8AD6\u7684\u306B\u5230\u9054\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u6700\u5C0F\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u8A00\u3044\u63DB\u3048\u308C\u3070\u3001\u30E6\u30CB\u30FC\u30AF\u306A\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u69CB\u9020\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u306B\u306F\u3001\u6B21\u306E3\u3064\u306E\u6761\u4EF6\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002 \u4E00\u610F\u6027\u305D\u306E\u914D\u5217\u306B\u3001\u540C\u7B49\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4ED6\u306E\u69CB\u6210\u304C\u306A\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304C\u5FC5\u8981\u3002\u3057\u305F\u304C\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305D\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u306E\u6700\u5C0F\u5024\u306F\u3086\u308B\u304E\u306E\u306A\u3044\u3082\u306E\u3067\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u3002\u5B89\u5B9A\u6027\u5468\u56F2\u306E\u74B0\u5883\u304C\u5C11\u3057\u5909\u5316\u3057\u305F\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306F\u3001\u6700\u5C0F\u69CB\u6210\u306B\u5909\u5316\u3092\u5F15\u304D\u8D77\u3053\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306F\u3067\u304D\u306A\u3044\u3002\u3053\u308C\u306F\u3001\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u9762\u3092\u3001\u30B9\u30FC\u30D7\u76BF\uFF08\u8907\u6570\u306E\u4F4E\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u72B6\u614B\u304C\u5BC6\u63A5\u306B\u95A2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308B\uFF09\u3067\u306F\u306A\u304F\u3001\u6F0F\u6597\uFF08\u305D\u306E\u5E95\u306B\u5929\u7136\u72B6\u614B\u304C\u3042\u308B\uFF09\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306B\u63CF\u304F\u3053\u3068\u304C\u3067\u304D\u308B\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002\u5B89\u5B9A\u6027\u3092\u5F97\u308B\u305F\u3081\u306B\u306F\u3001\u5929\u7136\u72B6\u614B\u306E\u5468\u308A\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u9762\u306F\u304B\u306A\u308A\u6025\u3067\u9AD8\u304F\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u3002\u904B\u52D5\u5B66\u7684\u5230\u9054\u6027\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u9762\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30EB\u30C9\u72B6\u614B\u304B\u3089\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30EB\u30C9\u72B6\u614B\u3078\u306E\u7D4C\u8DEF\u304C\u9069\u5EA6\u306B\u6ED1\u3089\u304B\u3067\u306A\u3051\u308C\u3070\u306A\u3089\u306A\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u8A00\u3044\u63DB\u3048\u308C\u3070\u3001\u9396\u306E\u6298\u308A\u305F\u305F\u307F\u306B\uFF08\u7D50\u3073\u76EE\u306A\u3069\u306E\u9AD8\u6B21\u7ACB\u4F53\u69CB\u9020\u306E\u3088\u3046\u306A\uFF09\u975E\u5E38\u306B\u8907\u96D1\u306A\u5F62\u72B6\u306E\u5909\u5316\u3092\u4F34\u308F\u306A\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610F\u5473\u3059\u308B\u3002"@ja . . "Dogma di Anfinsen"@it . . . "Il dogma di Anfinsen, conosciuto anche come ipotesi termodinamica di Anfinsen, \u00E8 un postulato della biologia molecolare espresso dal premio Nobel per la chimica Christian B. Anfinsen. Il dogma afferma che, almeno per le piccole proteine globulari, la \u00E8 determinata solamente dalla sequenza di amminoacidi che costituiscono la proteina. Ci\u00F2 equivale a dire che, nelle condizioni ambientali (temperatura, concentrazione del solvente e composizione, ecc.) alle quali avviene il ripiegamento proteico, la struttura nativa corrisponde a un unico minimo di energia libera, stabile e cineticamente accessibile. Analizzando le tre condizioni relative al minimo di energia libera: \n* Unicit\u00E0: richiede che la sequenza non possieda qualche altra configurazione dotata di energia libera comparabile. Quindi il minimo di energia libera deve essere univoco. \n* Stabilit\u00E0: piccoli cambiamenti nell'ambiente circostante non possono produrre cambiamenti nella configurazione a energia minima. Ci\u00F2 pu\u00F2 essere descritto come una superficie parabolica di energia libera con lo corrispondente al punto di minimo; la superficie di energia libera nelle vicinanze dello stato nativo deve essere piuttosto ripida ed elevata, per potere fornire la stabilit\u00E0. \n* Accessibilit\u00E0 cinetica: significa che il percorso nella superficie di energia libera dallo stato denaturato a quello con riavvolgimento proteico deve essere ragionevolmente piano o in altre parole che il ripiegamento della catena non deve implicare cambiamenti altamente complessi nella forma (come nodi o altre conformazioni di ordine superiore). Come la proteina raggiunga questa struttura rientra nel campo di studio del ripiegamento proteico, che si basa un dogma correlato chiamato paradosso di Levinthal. Il paradosso di Levinthal afferma che il numero di conformazioni possibili disponibili per una data proteina \u00E8 astronomicamente grande. Effettivamente, questo rende la predizione computazionale della struttura proteica tramite la valutazione di tutte le possibili configurazioni irrealizzabile persino per proteine relativamente piccole. Inoltre, alcune proteine hanno bisogno dell'assistenza di un'altra classe di proteine chiamate chaperoni molecolari per realizzare un avvolgimento corretto. \u00C8 stato suggerito che ci\u00F2 contraddirebbe il dogma di Anfinsen, tuttavia questi non sembrano influenzare lo stato finale della proteina, piuttosto agirebbero principalmente prevenendo l'aggregazione di diverse molecole proteiche prima che la proteina vada incontro al ripiegamento."@it . "1059167722"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology. It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. The dogma was championed by the Nobel Prize Laureate Christian B. Anfinsen from his research on the folding of ribonuclease A. The postulate amounts to saying that, at the environmental conditions (temperature, solvent concentration and composition, etc.) at which folding occurs, the native structure is a unique, stable and kinetically accessible minimum of the free energy. In other words, there are three conditions for formation of a unique protein structure: \n* Uniqueness \u2013 Requires that the sequence does not have any other configuration with a comparable free energy. Hence the free energy minimum must be unchallenged. \n* Stability \u2013 Small changes in the surrounding environment cannot give rise to changes in the minimum configuration. This can be pictured as a free energy surface that looks more like a funnel (with the native state in the bottom of it) rather than like a soup plate (with several closely related low-energy states); the free energy surface around the native state must be rather steep and high, in order to provide stability. \n* Kinetical accessibility \u2013 Means that the path in the free energy surface from the unfolded to the folded state must be reasonably smooth or, in other words, that the folding of the chain must not involve highly complex changes in the shape (like knots or other high order conformations)."@en . . . . . . "7978"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Anfinsen-Dogma"@de . "Das Anfinsen-Dogma (auch thermodynamische Hypothese der Proteinfaltung) postuliert, dass jedes Protein unter physiologischen Bedingungen eine native Proteinfaltung minimaler freier Energie besitzt, die durch die Aminos\u00E4uresequenz vorgegeben ist. Die minimale Energie kann per Faltungstrichter grafisch dargestellt werden. Das Postulat wurde vom Nobelpreistr\u00E4ger Christian B. Anfinsen aufgrund seiner Studien an Ribonuklease A formuliert."@de . . . . . . . . "Anfinsen's dogma"@en . . . . . "Il dogma di Anfinsen, conosciuto anche come ipotesi termodinamica di Anfinsen, \u00E8 un postulato della biologia molecolare espresso dal premio Nobel per la chimica Christian B. Anfinsen. Il dogma afferma che, almeno per le piccole proteine globulari, la \u00E8 determinata solamente dalla sequenza di amminoacidi che costituiscono la proteina. Ci\u00F2 equivale a dire che, nelle condizioni ambientali (temperatura, concentrazione del solvente e composizione, ecc.) alle quali avviene il ripiegamento proteico, la struttura nativa corrisponde a un unico minimo di energia libera, stabile e cineticamente accessibile."@it . . "Das Anfinsen-Dogma (auch thermodynamische Hypothese der Proteinfaltung) postuliert, dass jedes Protein unter physiologischen Bedingungen eine native Proteinfaltung minimaler freier Energie besitzt, die durch die Aminos\u00E4uresequenz vorgegeben ist. Die minimale Energie kann per Faltungstrichter grafisch dargestellt werden. Das Postulat wurde vom Nobelpreistr\u00E4ger Christian B. Anfinsen aufgrund seiner Studien an Ribonuklease A formuliert."@de . "\u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3\u30BB\u30F3\u306E\u30C9\u30B0\u30DE\uFF08\u82F1: Anfinsen's dogma\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u71B1\u529B\u5B66\u7684\u4EEE\u8AAC\uFF08\u82F1: thermodynamic hypothesis\uFF09\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u77E5\u3089\u308C\u308B\u3001\u5206\u5B50\u751F\u7269\u5B66\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u305D\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u306F\u3001\u5C11\u306A\u304F\u3068\u3082\u6A19\u6E96\u7684\u306A\u751F\u7406\u5B66\u7684\u74B0\u5883\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u5C0F\u3055\u306A\u7403\u72B6\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u306B\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306F\u3001\u672C\u6765\u306E\u69CB\u9020\u306F\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u306E\u30A2\u30DF\u30CE\u9178\u914D\u5217\u306B\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306E\u307F\u6C7A\u5B9A\u3055\u308C\u308B\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u30C9\u30B0\u30DE\u306F\u3001\u30CE\u30FC\u30D9\u30EB\u8CDE\u53D7\u8CDE\u8005\u306E\u30AF\u30EA\u30B9\u30C1\u30E3\u30F3 B. \u30A2\u30F3\u30D5\u30A3\u30F3\u30BB\u30F3\u304C\u3001\u30EA\u30DC\u30CC\u30AF\u30EC\u30A2\u30FC\u30BCA\u306E\u6298\u308A\u305F\u305F\u307F\uFF08\u30D5\u30A9\u30FC\u30EB\u30C7\u30A3\u30F3\u30B0\u3068\u3082\u547C\u3076\uFF09\u306B\u95A2\u3059\u308B\u5F7C\u306E\u7814\u7A76\u304B\u3089\u63D0\u5531\u3057\u305F\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u3053\u306E\u4EEE\u8AAC\u306F\u3001\u6298\u308A\u305F\u305F\u307F\u304C\u884C\u308F\u308C\u308B\u74B0\u5883\u6761\u4EF6\uFF08\u6E29\u5EA6\u3001\u6EB6\u5A92\u6FC3\u5EA6\u3001\u7D44\u6210\u306A\u3069\uFF09\u306B\u304A\u3044\u3066\u3001\u672C\u6765\u306E\u69CB\u9020\u306F\u30E6\u30CB\u30FC\u30AF\u3067\u5B89\u5B9A\u3057\u3066\u304A\u308A\u3001\u901F\u5EA6\u8AD6\u7684\u306B\u5230\u9054\u53EF\u80FD\u306A\u6700\u5C0F\u306E\u81EA\u7531\u30A8\u30CD\u30EB\u30AE\u30FC\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306E\u3067\u3042\u308B\u3002\u8A00\u3044\u63DB\u3048\u308C\u3070\u3001\u30E6\u30CB\u30FC\u30AF\u306A\u30BF\u30F3\u30D1\u30AF\u8CEA\u69CB\u9020\u3092\u5F62\u6210\u3059\u308B\u306B\u306F\u3001\u6B21\u306E3\u3064\u306E\u6761\u4EF6\u304C\u3042\u308B\u3002"@ja . . . . "7973428"^^ . . .