. "Albert Otto Hirschman (* 7. April 1915 in Berlin als Otto-Albert Hirschmann; \u2020 10. Dezember 2012 im Ewing Township, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer Volkswirt und Sozialwissenschaftler deutscher Herkunft."@de . "\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0631\u062A \u0623\u0648\u062A\u0648 \u0625\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: Albert Otto Hirschman)\u200F (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u062F 7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1915 - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 10 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012)"@ar . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (Berlim, Alemanha, 7 de abril de 1915 - 10 de dezembro de 2012, Erwin, New Jersey, Estados Unidos) foi um economista influente, autor de v\u00E1rios livros sobre economia pol\u00EDtica e ideologia pol\u00EDtica."@pt . "Albert Otto Hirschman (born Otto-Albert Hirschmann; April 7, 1915 \u2013 December 10, 2012) was a German economist and the author of several books on political economy and political ideology. His first major contribution was in the area of development economics. Here he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth. He argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision-making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms. His later work was in political economy and there he advanced two schemata. The first describes the three basic possible responses to decline in firms or polities (quitting, speaking up, staying quiet) in Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970). The second describes the basic arguments made by conservatives (perversity, futility and jeopardy) in The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991). In World War II, he played a key role in rescuing refugees in occupied France."@en . . . . "\u30A2\u30EB\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FBO\u30FB\u30CF\u30FC\u30B7\u30E5\u30DE\u30F3\uFF08Albert Otto Hirschman, 1915\u5E744\u67087\u65E5 - 2012\u5E7412\u670811\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u51FA\u8EAB\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u5C02\u9580\u306F\u653F\u6CBB\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u958B\u767A\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3002"@ja . . "\uC568\uBC84\uD2B8 \uC624\uD1A0 \uD5C8\uC26C\uB9CC(Albert Otto Hirschman, 1915\uB144 4\uC6D4 7\uC77C \u2013 2012\uB144 12\uC6D4 10\uC77C)\uC740 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC815\uCE58\uACBD\uC81C\uD559 \uBC0F \uC774\uB150\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uC5EC\uB7EC \uCC45\uC758 \uC800\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8 \uC8FC\uC694 \uACF5\uD5CC\uC740 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uACBD\uC81C\uD559 \uBD84\uC57C\uC600\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uADF8\uB294 \uBD88\uADE0\uD615 \uC131\uC7A5\uC758 \uD544\uC694\uC131\uC744 \uAC15\uC870\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uAC1C\uBC1C \uB3C4\uC0C1\uAD6D\uC740 \uC758\uC0AC \uACB0\uC815 \uB2A5\uB825\uC774 \uBD80\uC871\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uBD88\uADE0\uD615\uC774 \uC131\uC7A5\uC744 \uCD09\uC9C4\uD558\uACE0 \uC790\uC6D0\uC744 \uB3D9\uC6D0\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uC7A5\uB824\uB418\uC5B4\uC57C\uD55C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC758 \uD575\uC2EC\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uAE30\uC5C5\uACFC \uB9CE\uC740 \uC5F0\uACC4\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uC744 \uACE0\uBB34\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uD6C4\uAE30 \uC791\uC5C5\uC740 \uC815\uCE58\uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uACE0 \uAC70\uAE30\uC11C \uADF8\uB294 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uB3C4\uC2DD\uC744 \uBC1C\uC804 \uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8\uB294 \u300AExit, Voice, Loyalty\u300B (1970)\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE30\uC5C5\uC774\uB098 \uC815\uCE58\uC758 \uC1E0\uD1F4 \uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC138 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB450 \uBC88\uC9F8\uB294 \u300AThe Rhetoric of Reaction\u300B (1991)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCF4\uC218\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uB0B4\uB9B0 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804\uC5D0\uC11C \uB09C\uBBFC\uC744 \uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (born Otto-Albert Hirschmann; April 7, 1915 \u2013 December 10, 2012) was a German economist and the author of several books on political economy and political ideology. His first major contribution was in the area of development economics. Here he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth. He argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision-making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms."@en . "Albert O. Hirschman"@ca . . . "1915-04-07"^^ . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman"@en . . . . . . . . . . "phi153"@en . . "\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0631\u062A \u0623\u0648\u062A\u0648 \u0625\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064A\u0629: Albert Otto Hirschman)\u200F (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064A\u062F 7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064A\u0644 1915 - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 10 \u062F\u064A\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2012)"@ar . . . . . . . . . . . . . "2012-12-10"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "e"@en . . . "\u0425\u0438\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D, \u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442"@ru . . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (Berlino, 7 aprile 1915 \u2013 Ewing, 11 dicembre 2012) \u00E8 stato un economista tedesco naturalizzato statunitense, autore di diversi libri di economia politica."@it . "\u0623\u0644\u0628\u064A\u0631\u062A \u0623\u0648\u062A\u0648 \u0625\u064A\u0631\u064A\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0646"@ar . . "\u963F\u723E\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u5967\u5716\u00B7\u8D6B\u5E0C\u66FC\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AAlbert Otto Hirschman\uFF0C\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AOtto-Albert Hirschmann\uFF0C1915\u5E744\u67087\u65E5\uFF0D2012\u5E7412\u670811\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u963F\u5C14\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u8D6B\u7EEA\u66FC\uFF0C\u77E5\u540D\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u5BB6\u8207\u601D\u60F3\u5BB6\u3002\u5176\u5B78\u8853\u751F\u6DAF\u65E9\u671F\u5C08\u9577\u65BC\u767C\u5C55\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5F8C\u671F\u5247\u958B\u59CB\u5C0D\u653F\u6CBB\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u4EE5\u53CA\u653F\u6CBB\u610F\u8B58\u578B\u614B\u505A\u6DF1\u5165\u7814\u7A76\u3002\u8457\u6709\u300A\u53DB\u96E2\u3001\u6297\u8B70\u8207\u5FE0\u8AA0\u300B\u53CA\u300A\u53CD\u52D5\u7684\u4FEE\u8FAD\u300B\u5169\u672C\u653F\u6CBB\u5B78\u7D93\u5178\u8457\u4F5C\u3002 \u8D6B\u5E0C\u66FC\u751F\u65BC\u5FB7\u570B\u67CF\u6797\u72B9\u592A\u4E2D\u4EA7\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C18\u5C81\u8EB2\u907F\u53CD\u72B9\u6D6A\u6F6E\u9003\u81F3\u6CD5\u56FD\uFF0C1936\u5E747\u6708\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53D1\uFF0C\u8D6B\u7DD2\u66FC\u53C3\u8207\u6210\u70BA\u5171\u548C\u519B\u6218\u58EB\uFF0C\u4E8C\u6218\u7206\u53D1\u6642\u5FD7\u613F\u52A0\u5165\u6CD5\u56FD\u9646\u519B\uFF0C\u62B5\u6297\u5FB7\u56FD\u5165\u4FB5\uFF0C\u6CD5\u56FD\u6295\u964D\u540E\u6D41\u4EA1\u5230\u9A6C\u8D5B\u7684\u8D6B\u7DD2\u66FC\u548C\u76EE\u7779\u7EB3\u7CB9\u5D1B\u8D77\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u8BB0\u8005\u5408\u4F5C\u6210\u7ACB\u300C\u7DCA\u6025\u6551\u63F4\u59D4\u54E1\u6703\u300D\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5354\u52A9\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u8FA6\u8B49\u51FA\u9003\u6B50\u9678\uFF0C\u300C\u7DCA\u6025\u6551\u63F4\u59D4\u54E1\u6703\u300D\u6551\u51FA\u4E86\u5305\u62EC\u5982\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u6F22\u5A1C\u00B7\u9102\u862D\u592B\u5A66\u548C\u85DD\u8853\u5BB6\u99AC\u514B\u00B7\u590F\u5361\u723E\u7B49\u5169\u5343\u591A\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . . . . . "2012-12-10"^^ . . . . . . . . . "1915-04-07"^^ . . "\u30A2\u30EB\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FBO\u30FB\u30CF\u30FC\u30B7\u30E5\u30DE\u30F3\uFF08Albert Otto Hirschman, 1915\u5E744\u67087\u65E5 - 2012\u5E7412\u670811\u65E5\uFF09\u306F\u3001\u30C9\u30A4\u30C4\u51FA\u8EAB\u306E\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u8005\u3002\u5C02\u9580\u306F\u653F\u6CBB\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3001\u958B\u767A\u7D4C\u6E08\u5B66\u3002"@ja . . . . . . . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (nacido como Otto-Albert Hirschmann; Berl\u00EDn, Imperio alem\u00E1n, 7 de abril de 1915 - 10 de diciembre de 2012)\u200B fue un economista y autor de varios libros sobre econom\u00EDa pol\u00EDtica. Estudi\u00F3 Econom\u00EDa en la London School of Economics, en la Universidad de Par\u00EDs y en la Universidad de Trieste.[cita requerida]"@es . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (nacido como Otto-Albert Hirschmann; Berl\u00EDn, Imperio alem\u00E1n, 7 de abril de 1915 - 10 de diciembre de 2012)\u200B fue un economista y autor de varios libros sobre econom\u00EDa pol\u00EDtica. Estudi\u00F3 Econom\u00EDa en la London School of Economics, en la Universidad de Par\u00EDs y en la Universidad de Trieste.[cita requerida]"@es . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u041E\u0442\u0442\u043E \u0425\u0438\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Albert Otto Hirschman; 7 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1915 \u2014 10 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 2012) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044F-\u0425\u0438\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 (\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0435\u0435, \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430)."@ru . . . . . "Hirschman (left) interpreting for the accused GermanAnton Dostlerin Italy 1945"@en . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (n\u00E9 le 7 avril 1915 \u00E0 Berlin, sous le nom de Hirschmann, et mort le 10 d\u00E9cembre 2012) est un \u00E9conomiste initialement allemand, puis plus tard naturalis\u00E9 am\u00E9ricain, de formation multinationale et un socio-\u00E9conomiste h\u00E9t\u00E9rodoxe. Ses recherches pluridisciplinaires rendent difficile sa classification dans une des disciplines auxquelles il a contribu\u00E9 telles que l'\u00E9conomie, les sciences politiques ou la sociologie."@fr . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (Otto-Albert Hirschmann; 7 d'abril de 1915 - 10 de desembre del 2012) fou un economista influent, autor de diversos llibres sobre economia pol\u00EDtica i ideologia pol\u00EDtica. La seva primera contribuci\u00F3 important fou en l'\u00E0rea de l'economia de desenvolupament. Aqu\u00ED emfasitz\u00E0 la necessitat del creixement no equilibrat. Com que els pa\u00EFsos en vies de desenvolupament tenen escasses habilitats per a prendre decisions, argument\u00E0 que calia promoure desequilibris per a estimular el creixement i ajudar a mobilitzar recursos. Per a aconseguir-ho \u00E9s cabdal promoure ind\u00FAstries amb un gran nombre de connexions amb altres empreses. Les seves aportacions m\u00E9s tardanes en economia pol\u00EDtica avan\u00E7aren dos esquemes senzills, per\u00F2 intel\u00B7lectualment potents. El primer descriu les tres respostes possibles b\u00E0siques en empreses o sistemes pol\u00EDtics (abandonar, al\u00E7ar la veu o restar en silenci) en el llibre Exit, Voice and Loyalty (1970). El segon descriu els arguments b\u00E0sics que fan servir els conservadors (perversitat, futilitat i perill) en The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991). En la Segona Guerra Mundial, tingu\u00E9 un paper destacat rescatant refugiats en la Fran\u00E7a ocupada."@ca . . . . . . . "\u963F\u723E\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u5967\u5716\u00B7\u8D6B\u5E0C\u66FC\uFF08\u82F1\u8A9E\uFF1AAlbert Otto Hirschman\uFF0C\u5FB7\u8A9E\uFF1AOtto-Albert Hirschmann\uFF0C1915\u5E744\u67087\u65E5\uFF0D2012\u5E7412\u670811\u65E5\uFF09\uFF0C\u53C8\u8B6F\u963F\u5C14\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u8D6B\u7EEA\u66FC\uFF0C\u77E5\u540D\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u5BB6\u8207\u601D\u60F3\u5BB6\u3002\u5176\u5B78\u8853\u751F\u6DAF\u65E9\u671F\u5C08\u9577\u65BC\u767C\u5C55\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\uFF0C\u4E2D\u5F8C\u671F\u5247\u958B\u59CB\u5C0D\u653F\u6CBB\u7D93\u6FDF\u5B78\u4EE5\u53CA\u653F\u6CBB\u610F\u8B58\u578B\u614B\u505A\u6DF1\u5165\u7814\u7A76\u3002\u8457\u6709\u300A\u53DB\u96E2\u3001\u6297\u8B70\u8207\u5FE0\u8AA0\u300B\u53CA\u300A\u53CD\u52D5\u7684\u4FEE\u8FAD\u300B\u5169\u672C\u653F\u6CBB\u5B78\u7D93\u5178\u8457\u4F5C\u3002 \u8D6B\u5E0C\u66FC\u751F\u65BC\u5FB7\u570B\u67CF\u6797\u72B9\u592A\u4E2D\u4EA7\u5BB6\u5EAD\uFF0C18\u5C81\u8EB2\u907F\u53CD\u72B9\u6D6A\u6F6E\u9003\u81F3\u6CD5\u56FD\uFF0C1936\u5E747\u6708\u897F\u73ED\u7259\u5185\u6218\u7206\u53D1\uFF0C\u8D6B\u7DD2\u66FC\u53C3\u8207\u6210\u70BA\u5171\u548C\u519B\u6218\u58EB\uFF0C\u4E8C\u6218\u7206\u53D1\u6642\u5FD7\u613F\u52A0\u5165\u6CD5\u56FD\u9646\u519B\uFF0C\u62B5\u6297\u5FB7\u56FD\u5165\u4FB5\uFF0C\u6CD5\u56FD\u6295\u964D\u540E\u6D41\u4EA1\u5230\u9A6C\u8D5B\u7684\u8D6B\u7DD2\u66FC\u548C\u76EE\u7779\u7EB3\u7CB9\u5D1B\u8D77\u7684\u7F8E\u56FD\u8BB0\u8005\u5408\u4F5C\u6210\u7ACB\u300C\u7DCA\u6025\u6551\u63F4\u59D4\u54E1\u6703\u300D\uFF0C\u4EE5\u5354\u52A9\u72B9\u592A\u4EBA\u8FA6\u8B49\u51FA\u9003\u6B50\u9678\uFF0C\u300C\u7DCA\u6025\u6551\u63F4\u59D4\u54E1\u6703\u300D\u6551\u51FA\u4E86\u5305\u62EC\u5982\u653F\u6CBB\u54F2\u5B78\u5BB6\u6F22\u5A1C\u00B7\u9102\u862D\u592B\u5A66\u548C\u85DD\u8853\u5BB6\u99AC\u514B\u00B7\u590F\u5361\u723E\u7B49\u5169\u5343\u591A\u4EBA\u3002"@zh . . . "\u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u041E\u0442\u0442\u043E \u0413\u0456\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Albert Otto Hirschman, 7 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1915, [\u0434\u0435?] \u2014 11 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 2012) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044F-\u0413\u0456\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433 \u0437 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u041C\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0432 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430\u043C, \u0449\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0454 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043E\u043A \u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0440\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0457\u0445\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443, \u0449\u043E\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0431\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0432."@uk . "\uC568\uBC84\uD2B8 \uC624\uD1A0 \uD5C8\uC26C\uB9CC(Albert Otto Hirschman, 1915\uB144 4\uC6D4 7\uC77C \u2013 2012\uB144 12\uC6D4 10\uC77C)\uC740 \uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uB610\uD55C \uC815\uCE58\uACBD\uC81C\uD559 \uBC0F \uC774\uB150\uC5D0 \uAD00\uD55C \uC5EC\uB7EC \uCC45\uC758 \uC800\uC790\uC600\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8 \uC8FC\uC694 \uACF5\uD5CC\uC740 \uAC1C\uBC1C\uACBD\uC81C\uD559 \uBD84\uC57C\uC600\uB2E4. \uC5EC\uAE30\uC11C \uADF8\uB294 \uBD88\uADE0\uD615 \uC131\uC7A5\uC758 \uD544\uC694\uC131\uC744 \uAC15\uC870\uD588\uB2E4. \uADF8\uB294 \uAC1C\uBC1C \uB3C4\uC0C1\uAD6D\uC740 \uC758\uC0AC \uACB0\uC815 \uB2A5\uB825\uC774 \uBD80\uC871\uD558\uAE30 \uB54C\uBB38\uC5D0 \uBD88\uADE0\uD615\uC774 \uC131\uC7A5\uC744 \uCD09\uC9C4\uD558\uACE0 \uC790\uC6D0\uC744 \uB3D9\uC6D0\uD558\uB3C4\uB85D \uC7A5\uB824\uB418\uC5B4\uC57C\uD55C\uB2E4\uACE0 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uD588\uB2E4. \uC774\uAC83\uC758 \uD575\uC2EC\uC740 \uB2E4\uB978 \uAE30\uC5C5\uACFC \uB9CE\uC740 \uC5F0\uACC4\uB97C \uAC00\uC9C4 \uC0B0\uC5C5\uC744 \uACE0\uBB34\uC2DC\uD0A4\uB294 \uAC83\uC774\uC5C8\uB2E4. \uADF8\uC758 \uD6C4\uAE30 \uC791\uC5C5\uC740 \uC815\uCE58\uACBD\uC81C\uD559\uC5D0 \uC788\uC5C8\uACE0 \uAC70\uAE30\uC11C \uADF8\uB294 \uB450 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uB3C4\uC2DD\uC744 \uBC1C\uC804 \uC2DC\uCF30\uB2E4. \uCCAB \uBC88\uC9F8\uB294 \u300AExit, Voice, Loyalty\u300B (1970)\uC5D0\uC11C \uAE30\uC5C5\uC774\uB098 \uC815\uCE58\uC758 \uC1E0\uD1F4 \uC5D0 \uB300\uD55C \uC138 \uAC00\uC9C0 \uAE30\uBCF8\uC801\uC778 \uAC00\uB2A5\uD55C \uBC18\uC751\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD55C\uB2E4. \uB450 \uBC88\uC9F8\uB294 \u300AThe Rhetoric of Reaction\u300B (1991)\uC5D0\uC11C \uBCF4\uC218\uC8FC\uC758\uC790\uB4E4\uC774 \uB0B4\uB9B0 \uAE30\uBCF8 \uC8FC\uC7A5\uC744 \uC124\uBA85\uD55C\uB2E4. \uC81C2\uCC28 \uC138\uACC4 \uB300\uC804\uC5D0\uC11C \uB09C\uBBFC\uC744 \uAD6C\uD558\uB294 \uB370 \uC911\uC694\uD55C \uC5ED\uD560\uC744 \uD558\uAE30\uB3C4 \uD588\uB2E4."@ko . . . . . . . "Hirschman interpreting for the accused German Anton Dostler in Italy 1945"@en . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (ur. 7 kwietnia 1915 w Berlinie jako Albert Otto Hirschmann, zm. 11 grudnia 2012 w Ewing, New Jersey) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski ekonomista specjalizuj\u0105cy si\u0119 w ekonomii rozwoju i studiach nad Ameryk\u0105 \u0141aci\u0144sk\u0105, pisz\u0105cy tak\u017Ce prace z pogranicza nauk spo\u0142ecznych. Jest mi\u0119dzy innymi jednym z tw\u00F3rc\u00F3w indeksu Herfindahla-Hirschmana, popularnego wska\u017Anika miary koncentracji rynku, szeroko stosowanego w prawie antymonopolowym."@pl . . . . "Albert O. Hirschman"@es . . . . "Albert O. Hirschman"@it . . . . . . . . . . "24492"^^ . "\u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u041E\u0442\u0442\u043E \u0425\u0438\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u043D\u0435\u043C. Albert Otto Hirschman; 7 \u0430\u043F\u0440\u0435\u043B\u044F 1915 \u2014 10 \u0434\u0435\u043A\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044F 2012) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u044D\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0438\u043A\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0441\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u044F\u0432\u043B\u044F\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044F \u043E\u0434\u043D\u0438\u043C \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u043E\u0432 \u0438\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0430 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044F-\u0425\u0438\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430 (\u0442\u043E\u0447\u043D\u0435\u0435, \u0435\u0433\u043E \u0431\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043D\u043D\u0435\u0433\u043E \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043D\u0442\u0430)."@ru . "Albert Otto Hirschman (ur. 7 kwietnia 1915 w Berlinie jako Albert Otto Hirschmann, zm. 11 grudnia 2012 w Ewing, New Jersey) \u2013 ameryka\u0144ski ekonomista specjalizuj\u0105cy si\u0119 w ekonomii rozwoju i studiach nad Ameryk\u0105 \u0141aci\u0144sk\u0105, pisz\u0105cy tak\u017Ce prace z pogranicza nauk spo\u0142ecznych. Jest mi\u0119dzy innymi jednym z tw\u00F3rc\u00F3w indeksu Herfindahla-Hirschmana, popularnego wska\u017Anika miary koncentracji rynku, szeroko stosowanego w prawie antymonopolowym. Dzie\u0142a Hirshmana wyr\u00F3\u017Cnia interdyscyplinarny i erudycyjny styl, uwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105cy z\u0142o\u017Cono\u015B\u0107 proces\u00F3w gospodarczych oraz znaczenie czynnik\u00F3w o charakterze spo\u0142ecznym i politycznym. Du\u017Co uwagi po\u015Bwi\u0119ca tak\u017Ce spo\u0142ecznym i moralnym aspektom funkcjonowania instytucji rynkowych. Sprawia to, \u017Ce jego dzie\u0142a s\u0105 inspiruj\u0105ce tak\u017Ce dla socjologii, politologii i historii idei."@pl . . . . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (* 7. April 1915 in Berlin als Otto-Albert Hirschmann; \u2020 10. Dezember 2012 im Ewing Township, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer Volkswirt und Sozialwissenschaftler deutscher Herkunft."@de . . "Albert Otto Hirschman"@pl . . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (Berlim, Alemanha, 7 de abril de 1915 - 10 de dezembro de 2012, Erwin, New Jersey, Estados Unidos) foi um economista influente, autor de v\u00E1rios livros sobre economia pol\u00EDtica e ideologia pol\u00EDtica."@pt . . . . . . . . . "250"^^ . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (Otto-Albert Hirschmann; 7 d'abril de 1915 - 10 de desembre del 2012) fou un economista influent, autor de diversos llibres sobre economia pol\u00EDtica i ideologia pol\u00EDtica. La seva primera contribuci\u00F3 important fou en l'\u00E0rea de l'economia de desenvolupament. Aqu\u00ED emfasitz\u00E0 la necessitat del creixement no equilibrat. Com que els pa\u00EFsos en vies de desenvolupament tenen escasses habilitats per a prendre decisions, argument\u00E0 que calia promoure desequilibris per a estimular el creixement i ajudar a mobilitzar recursos. Per a aconseguir-ho \u00E9s cabdal promoure ind\u00FAstries amb un gran nombre de connexions amb altres empreses."@ca . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (n\u00E9 le 7 avril 1915 \u00E0 Berlin, sous le nom de Hirschmann, et mort le 10 d\u00E9cembre 2012) est un \u00E9conomiste initialement allemand, puis plus tard naturalis\u00E9 am\u00E9ricain, de formation multinationale et un socio-\u00E9conomiste h\u00E9t\u00E9rodoxe. Ses recherches pluridisciplinaires rendent difficile sa classification dans une des disciplines auxquelles il a contribu\u00E9 telles que l'\u00E9conomie, les sciences politiques ou la sociologie."@fr . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman"@en . . "\u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0413\u0456\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D"@uk . . . "\u963F\u723E\u4F2F\u7279\u00B7\u8D6B\u5E0C\u66FC"@zh . . . . . . . . "Albert Hirschman"@fr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Albert O. Hirschman"@de . . . . . "Albert Otto Hirschman (Berlino, 7 aprile 1915 \u2013 Ewing, 11 dicembre 2012) \u00E8 stato un economista tedesco naturalizzato statunitense, autore di diversi libri di economia politica."@it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\uC568\uBC84\uD2B8 \uD5C8\uC26C\uB9CC"@ko . "Albert O. Hirschman"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1871401"^^ . . . ""@en . . "\u30A2\u30EB\u30D0\u30FC\u30C8\u30FBO\u30FB\u30CF\u30FC\u30B7\u30E5\u30DE\u30F3"@ja . . "Albert Hirschman"@pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u0410\u043B\u044C\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u041E\u0442\u0442\u043E \u0413\u0456\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D (\u043D\u0456\u043C. Albert Otto Hirschman, 7 \u043A\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043D\u044F 1915, [\u0434\u0435?] \u2014 11 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043D\u044F 2012) \u2014 \u0430\u043C\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043A\u0430\u043D\u0441\u044C\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0441\u0442, \u043F\u0440\u043E\u0444\u0435\u0441\u043E\u0440 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0441\u044C\u043A\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0443\u043D\u0456\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443, \u043E\u0434\u0438\u043D \u0437 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u043D\u0434\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0443 \u0425\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0456\u043D\u0434\u0430\u043B\u044F-\u0413\u0456\u0440\u0448\u043C\u0430\u043D\u0430, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043E\u0440 \u043A\u043D\u0438\u0433 \u0437 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043F\u043E\u043B\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043D\u043E\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043E\u043B\u043E\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u041C\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0435\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043D\u0435\u0441\u043E\u043A \u0432 \u0435\u043A\u043E\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u043A\u0443 \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443, \u043F\u0456\u0434\u043A\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043D\u0435\u043E\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u043D\u0435\u0437\u0431\u0430\u043B\u0430\u043D\u0441\u043E\u0432\u0430\u043D\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0437\u0440\u043E\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043D\u043D\u044F. \u041E\u0441\u043A\u0456\u043B\u044C\u043A\u0438 \u043A\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043D\u0430\u043C, \u0449\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044E\u0442\u044C\u0441\u044F, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u043A\u0443\u0454 \u043D\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043E\u043A \u0443\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043B\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044F \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043D\u044C, \u0449\u043E \u0441\u043B\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043E\u0445\u043E\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043D\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043D\u043E\u043C\u0456\u0440\u043D\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044C \u0457\u0445\u043D\u044C\u043E\u0433\u043E \u0440\u043E\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043A\u0443, \u0449\u043E\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043C\u0443\u043B\u044E\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043F\u0440\u0438\u044F\u0442\u0438 \u043C\u043E\u0431\u0456\u043B\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0432."@uk . . . . . . "2012-12-14"^^ . . . "1124302029"^^ . .