. . . . . . . . "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti (Azawad 1803 \u2013 Timbuctu 1865) fou un l\u00EDder religi\u00F3s i pol\u00EDtic maure/moro (\u00E0rab bedu\u00ED-amazic, arab\u00F2fon) de l'\u00C0frica occidental, marabut dirigent de la zawiya dels Bakkiyya i xeic de la tribu kanata. A la meitat del segle xix va negociar amb Ahmadu Lobbo i va obtenir el control de Timbuctu pagant un tribut. El setembre de 1853 va rebre l'explorador Heinrich Barth, amb qui va fer amistat, i es va enfrontar a Lobbo quan aquest va dictar una fatwa per arrestar o matar Barth com a cristi\u00E0 i enemic de l'islam. Ahmad va rebutjar la fatwa perqu\u00E8 Barth no era un dhimmi (un cristi\u00E0 subjecte al govern d'un musulm\u00E0) ni un enemic de l'islam, sin\u00F3 un ciutad\u00E0 d'un pa\u00EDs amic com la Gran Bretanya. La disputa va arribar lluny i Ahmad fins i tot va negar a Lobbo el dret de declarar la gihad i el va considerar com \"el governant d'unes quantes cabanes a la perif\u00E8ria del m\u00F3n isl\u00E0mic\". Fou un dels darrers xeics dels kanata i de la bakkakiyya o bakkiyya (branca de la kadiriyya). La seva voluminosa correspond\u00E8ncia aporta una detallada visi\u00F3 de la pol\u00EDtica i la religi\u00F3 al segle xix a l'\u00C0frica occidental. El 1862 els fulbes de Masina foren derrotats per al-Hadjdj Umar fundador de l'anomenat imperi Toucouleur, i Ahmad al-Bakkai es va erigir en el defensor de la independ\u00E8ncia de Timbuct\u00FA. Poc despr\u00E9s Umar va conquerir Timbuct\u00FA i la va saquejar per\u00F2 Ahmad es va aliar als fulbes (o peuls) que es van revoltar dirigits per Balobo, germ\u00E0 de l'executat rei de Masina, i junts van assetjar la capital Hamdallahi durant 8 mesos; quan la gana va fer impossible la resist\u00E8ncia, Umar va fer cremar la ciutat i es va refugiar als penya-segats de Bandiagara, on abandonat pels seus partidaris, va morir misteriosament, fent saltar una c\u00E0rrega d'explosiu (1864). Ahmad va morir el 1865 per\u00F2 els maures kanata de la bakkakiyya o kadiriyya van seguir dominant Timbuct\u00FA fins a l'arribada dels francesos el 1893, quan es van retirar cap a l'Azawad."@ca . "2432"^^ . . . . . . . . "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti"@ca . . . . . . "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti (Azawad 1803 \u2013 Timbuctu 1865) fou un l\u00EDder religi\u00F3s i pol\u00EDtic maure/moro (\u00E0rab bedu\u00ED-amazic, arab\u00F2fon) de l'\u00C0frica occidental, marabut dirigent de la zawiya dels Bakkiyya i xeic de la tribu kanata."@ca . . . . "Sidi Ahmad al-Baqqa'i (auch al-Bakkai; * vermutlich 1803 in der Oase Mabruk in der Region Azawad, n\u00F6rdlich von Timbuktu; \u2020 1865 bei Timbuktu) war einer der bedeutendsten Korangelehrten Westafrikas im 19. Jahrhundert."@de . . . . . "1111560680"^^ . . . . . "Sidi Ahmad al-Baqqa'i (auch al-Bakkai; * vermutlich 1803 in der Oase Mabruk in der Region Azawad, n\u00F6rdlich von Timbuktu; \u2020 1865 bei Timbuktu) war einer der bedeutendsten Korangelehrten Westafrikas im 19. Jahrhundert."@de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti (1803 in the Azawad region north of Timbuktu \u2013 1865 in Timbuktu) was a West African Islamic and political leader. He was one of the last principal spokesmen in precolonial Western Sudan for an accommodationist stance towards the threatening Christian European presence, and even provided protection to Heinrich Barth from an attempted kidnapping by the ruler of Massina, Amadu III. In a letter to the ruler, which was rather a fatwa he denied the former's right to have Barth arrested or killed and his belongings confiscated, as the Christian was neither a dhimmi (a non-Muslim subject of a Muslim ruler) nor an enemy of Islam, but the native of a friendly country, that is Great Britain. He went as far as to deny Ahmad Ahmad ibn Muhammad Lobbo the right to proclaim a jihad and called him \"the ruler over a few huts at the outskirts of the Islamic world\". Al-Bakkai was also one of the last Kunta family shaykhs, whose prestige and religious influence were interwoven with the Qadiri brotherhood and the economic fortunes of the Timbuktu region. His voluminous correspondence provides a rare, detailed glimpse into political and religious thought in 19th century West Africa regarding the primary concerns of; the nature of the Imamate/ caliphate in Sahelian and Sudanese communities, issues surrounding the encroaching Christian powers, and the growing politicalization of Sufi tariqah affiliation."@en . "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti"@en . "Ahmad al-Bakkai al-Kunti (1803 in the Azawad region north of Timbuktu \u2013 1865 in Timbuktu) was a West African Islamic and political leader. He was one of the last principal spokesmen in precolonial Western Sudan for an accommodationist stance towards the threatening Christian European presence, and even provided protection to Heinrich Barth from an attempted kidnapping by the ruler of Massina, Amadu III. In a letter to the ruler, which was rather a fatwa he denied the former's right to have Barth arrested or killed and his belongings confiscated, as the Christian was neither a dhimmi (a non-Muslim subject of a Muslim ruler) nor an enemy of Islam, but the native of a friendly country, that is Great Britain. He went as far as to deny Ahmad Ahmad ibn Muhammad Lobbo the right to proclaim a jiha"@en . . . . . . . . "Sidi Ahmad al-Baqqai"@de . . . . "5087368"^^ . . . . . . .