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Statements

Subject Item
dbr:Unexploded_ordnance
rdf:type
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rdfs:label
Niewybuch Municiones no explotadas 불발탄 Nevybuchlá munice الذخائر غير المنفجرة Blindgänger Munição não detonada Munition non explosée Blindgångare Unexploded ordnance 未爆炸弹药 不発弾 Blindganger
rdfs:comment
不発弾（ふはつだん）は、起爆に関する機構に何らかの不具合があって爆発せずにある砲弾、ロケット弾、誘導弾などの弾薬類の総称である。 * 発射薬に関する異常で発射されなかった弾薬類も、一般には不発弾と呼ばれるが、専門的には不発射弾と呼ばれる。不発射弾については後述。 * 転じて、何等かの効果が期待されて行われた動作や興行などが、期待された効果を生まなかった場合に、不発弾や不発と形容される。 Blindgänger (fachsprachlich: Kampfmittelaltlasten, nicht detonierte Kampfmittel, explosive Kampfmittelrückstände) sind Munition wie Granaten oder Bomben, die nach ihrer Verwendung (Abschuss oder Abwurf) nicht oder nicht vollständig explodiert sind. Ursache dafür können technisches Versagen, Fehlbedienung, ungünstige Einsatzbedingungen oder Sabotage bei der Produktion sein. Ein Blindgänger ist von einem Versager zu unterscheiden: Während bei einem Blindgänger der Zündmechanismus auslöst, es aber nicht zu einer Explosion kommt, hat bei einem Versager der Zündmechanismus nicht oder nur unvollständig ausgelöst. Niewybuch – każdy przedmiot zawierający materiał wybuchowy w stanie wolnym, który powinien zdetonować, jednak pomimo stworzenia warunków koniecznych do tego procesu nie doszło do wybuchu. Podobnym pojęciem jest niewypał, który odnosi się jednak nie do ładunku wybuchowego, lecz do ładunku miotającego. Unexploded ordnance (UXO, sometimes abbreviated as UO), unexploded bombs (UXBs), and explosive remnants of war (ERW or ERoW) are explosive weapons (bombs, shells, grenades, land mines, naval mines, cluster munition, and other munitions) that did not explode when they were employed and still pose a risk of detonation, sometimes many decades after they were used or discarded. UXO does not always originate from wars; areas such as military training grounds can also hold significant numbers, even after the area has been abandoned. UXO from World War I continue to be a hazard, with poisonous gas filled munitions still a problem. When unwanted munitions are found, they are sometimes destroyed in controlled explosions, but accidental detonation of even very old explosives also occurs, sometimes w O termo munição não detonada ou munição não explodida refere-se a armas explosivas, especificamente bombas, projéteis, granadas, minas terrestres, minas navais ou outros equipamentos de guerra que não detonaram durante o conflito no qual foram utilizadas e que permanecem no terreno, à superfície ou enterradas, durante anos ou mesmo décadas. Deste modo representam um perigo latente para a população civil. As minas antipessoais e as bombas de fragmentação são os exemplos mais conhecidos e numerosos de munições não detonadas. As munições não detonadas entram também na categoria de . 未爆炸弹药，又稱哑炮，是指在武装冲突结束后仍遗留在某一地区的各种 ( 未爆炸或被弃置的) 。其中包括炮弹、手榴弹、地雷、、火箭弹、导弹以及其他弹药。这类武器可能在被布设或遗弃数十年后爆炸，存在致命且不稳定的危险。 الذخائر الغير منفجرة (بالإنجليزية: Unexploded Ordnance - تختصر إلى، UXB/UXO أو UO)‏ هي أسلحة متفجرة، (قنابل، قذائف، قنابل يدوية، قنابل أرضية، قنابل بحرية، إلخ) لم تنفجر بسبب عدم توفر الظروف المناسبة لانفجارها، ولا تزال تشكل خطر الانفجار، حتى بعد مرور عقود على استخدامها أو تجاهلها. L'expression munitions non explosées (traduction littérale de l'anglais UneXploded Ordnance (UXO)) ou restes explosifs de guerre (Explosive Remnants of War (ERW)) désigne généralement des munitions équipées d'une charge explosive, qui ont été tirées, mais n'ont pas explosé à l'impact. Il peut également s'agir de munitions stockées et perdues ou oubliées. Nevybuchlá munice jsou výbušniny, které nevybuchly v době svého vojenského použití. Toto střelivo a miny představují i po skončení bojových operací v konfliktních oblastech nebezpečí pro civilní obyvatelstvo. Nevybuchlá munice ročně zabije či zmrzačí desetitisíce obyvatel válkou zasažených zemí. Ve Francii a Belgii nálezy takové munice při polních pracích označují jako . El término municiones no detonadas se refiere a armas explosivas, específicamente explosivos, que no se detonaron durante el conflicto en el cual fueron utilizadas y permanecen sobre el terreno durante años y décadas, de forma que representan un peligro latente para la población civil. Las minas antipersona y las bombas de racimo son uno de los ejemplos más conocidos y numerosos de municiones no detonadas. Las municiones no detonadas entran también en la categoría de restos explosivos de guerra. Een blindganger is een explosief of wapen dat niet op het oorspronkelijk bedoelde moment afgegaan is. Het kan hier ieder soort militair of civiel explosief betreffen. Van vuurwerk, granaten, vliegtuigbommen, gifgasgranaten en zelfs nucleaire wapens kunnen blindgangers bestaan. Meestal betreft het vuurwerk en niet-ontplofte munitie. Blindgangers zijn uitermate gevaarlijk omdat ze op ieder willekeurig moment door minieme (onbedoelde) stimulans (alsnog) kunnen ontploffen. 불발탄(不發彈, Unexploded ordnance(UXO 혹은 UO), unexploded bombs(UXBs), explosive remnants of war(ERW))은 매설 혹은 방치되고 최대 수 십 년간 폭발하지 않아 폭발의 위험이 있는 폭탄, 포탄, 유탄, 지뢰, 어뢰, 집속탄 등의 폭발 무기를 일컫는다. 불발탄은 전투 뿐 아니라 군사훈련 때문에도 생긴다. 독가스 탄약을 포함한 제1차 세계 대전의 불발탄은 여전히 문제다. 의도치 않은 탄약이 발견되면 통제된 폭발을 통해 파괴되기도 하지만 심지어 아주 오래된 것이 뜻하지 않게 폭발해서 심각한 피해를 낳기도 한다. 78개국이 지뢰로 오염됐으며 15,000명에서 2만 명을 죽이고 그보다 더 많은 사람이 불구가 된다. 약 80%의 사상자는 민간인인데 어린이에게 가장 영향을 준다. 사망자 절반 가량은 폭발 후 수 시간 내에 죽는다. 확실한 폭발의 위험과 더불어 매장된 불발탄은 환경오염을 야기한다. 몇몇 군사훈련지역에서 과염소산염 등을 이용한 화학 탄약은 토양과 지하수를 오염시킨다. Blindgångare (från tyskans Blindgänger) kallas ammunition och bomber som inte exploderade som tänkt efter avfyrning, och som därmed fortfarande riskerar att explodera. UXO är en förkortning av engelskans UneXploded Ordnance. Typiska exempel på UXO är minor samt blindgångare från artilleriet. I Sverige används förkortningen OXA (OeXploderad Ammunition). I militärstrategi är aktiviteten EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) eller ammunitionsröjning betydelsefull vid framryckning och återtagande av landområden.
rdfs:seeAlso
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foaf:depiction
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dcterms:subject
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dbo:thumbnail
n4:1918_German_UXOs1.jpg?width=300
dbp:date
March 2020
dbp:reason
What kind of difficulty?
dbo:abstract
Een blindganger is een explosief of wapen dat niet op het oorspronkelijk bedoelde moment afgegaan is. Het kan hier ieder soort militair of civiel explosief betreffen. Van vuurwerk, granaten, vliegtuigbommen, gifgasgranaten en zelfs nucleaire wapens kunnen blindgangers bestaan. Meestal betreft het vuurwerk en niet-ontplofte munitie. Blindgangers zijn uitermate gevaarlijk omdat ze op ieder willekeurig moment door minieme (onbedoelde) stimulans (alsnog) kunnen ontploffen. Internationaal werden in het kader van de Conventie over bepaalde conventionele wapens regels afgesproken voor het opruimen van niet-ontplofte oorlogsmunitie. Niewybuch – każdy przedmiot zawierający materiał wybuchowy w stanie wolnym, który powinien zdetonować, jednak pomimo stworzenia warunków koniecznych do tego procesu nie doszło do wybuchu. Podobnym pojęciem jest niewypał, który odnosi się jednak nie do ładunku wybuchowego, lecz do ładunku miotającego. Blindgänger (fachsprachlich: Kampfmittelaltlasten, nicht detonierte Kampfmittel, explosive Kampfmittelrückstände) sind Munition wie Granaten oder Bomben, die nach ihrer Verwendung (Abschuss oder Abwurf) nicht oder nicht vollständig explodiert sind. Ursache dafür können technisches Versagen, Fehlbedienung, ungünstige Einsatzbedingungen oder Sabotage bei der Produktion sein. Ein Blindgänger ist von einem Versager zu unterscheiden: Während bei einem Blindgänger der Zündmechanismus auslöst, es aber nicht zu einer Explosion kommt, hat bei einem Versager der Zündmechanismus nicht oder nur unvollständig ausgelöst. Eine besondere Kategorie stellen Langzeitzünder bei Fliegerbomben dar, die dazu dienen sollten, langfristig das Bedrohungspotenzial im Zielgebiet aufrechtzuerhalten und die Bombe später explodieren zu lassen. Auch diese Zünder können versagen und zu echten Blindgängern werden. Bomben, die nicht explodieren, aber beim Aufschlag aufgerissen sind, werden als Zerscheller bezeichnet. Bomben, die nur teilweise auf die Zündung ansprechen, heißen Teildetonierer. Der Begriff wird auch bei nicht detonierenden Feuerwerkskörpern verwendet. International werden diese als UXO als Abkürzung für Unexploded Ordnance (übersetzt: „nicht explodierte Munition“) bezeichnet. Nevybuchlá munice jsou výbušniny, které nevybuchly v době svého vojenského použití. Toto střelivo a miny představují i po skončení bojových operací v konfliktních oblastech nebezpečí pro civilní obyvatelstvo. Nevybuchlá munice ročně zabije či zmrzačí desetitisíce obyvatel válkou zasažených zemí. Ve Francii a Belgii nálezy takové munice při polních pracích označují jako . الذخائر الغير منفجرة (بالإنجليزية: Unexploded Ordnance - تختصر إلى، UXB/UXO أو UO)‏ هي أسلحة متفجرة، (قنابل، قذائف، قنابل يدوية، قنابل أرضية، قنابل بحرية، إلخ) لم تنفجر بسبب عدم توفر الظروف المناسبة لانفجارها، ولا تزال تشكل خطر الانفجار، حتى بعد مرور عقود على استخدامها أو تجاهلها. O termo munição não detonada ou munição não explodida refere-se a armas explosivas, especificamente bombas, projéteis, granadas, minas terrestres, minas navais ou outros equipamentos de guerra que não detonaram durante o conflito no qual foram utilizadas e que permanecem no terreno, à superfície ou enterradas, durante anos ou mesmo décadas. Deste modo representam um perigo latente para a população civil. As minas antipessoais e as bombas de fragmentação são os exemplos mais conhecidos e numerosos de munições não detonadas. As munições não detonadas entram também na categoria de . Um total de 78 países encontra-se com minas terrestres no terreno em situação pós-conflito, e estas matam de 15000 a 20000 pessoas cada ano, ferindo e mutilando muitas mais. Cerca de 80% das vítimas são civis, sendo as crianças o grupo etário mais afetado. 未爆炸弹药，又稱哑炮，是指在武装冲突结束后仍遗留在某一地区的各种 ( 未爆炸或被弃置的) 。其中包括炮弹、手榴弹、地雷、、火箭弹、导弹以及其他弹药。这类武器可能在被布设或遗弃数十年后爆炸，存在致命且不稳定的危险。 Unexploded ordnance (UXO, sometimes abbreviated as UO), unexploded bombs (UXBs), and explosive remnants of war (ERW or ERoW) are explosive weapons (bombs, shells, grenades, land mines, naval mines, cluster munition, and other munitions) that did not explode when they were employed and still pose a risk of detonation, sometimes many decades after they were used or discarded. UXO does not always originate from wars; areas such as military training grounds can also hold significant numbers, even after the area has been abandoned. UXO from World War I continue to be a hazard, with poisonous gas filled munitions still a problem. When unwanted munitions are found, they are sometimes destroyed in controlled explosions, but accidental detonation of even very old explosives also occurs, sometimes with fatal results. Seventy-eight countries are contaminated by land mines, which kill or maim 15,000–20,000 people every year. Approximately 80% of casualties are civilian, with children the most affected age group. An estimated average of 50% of deaths occurs within hours of the blast. In recent years, mines have been used increasingly as weapons of terror against local civilian populations specifically. In addition to the obvious danger of explosion, buried UXO can cause environmental contamination. In some heavily used military training areas, munitions-related chemicals such as explosives and perchlorate (a component of pyrotechnics and rocket fuel) can enter soil and groundwater. Blindgångare (från tyskans Blindgänger) kallas ammunition och bomber som inte exploderade som tänkt efter avfyrning, och som därmed fortfarande riskerar att explodera. UXO är en förkortning av engelskans UneXploded Ordnance. Typiska exempel på UXO är minor samt blindgångare från artilleriet. I Sverige används förkortningen OXA (OeXploderad Ammunition). I militärstrategi är aktiviteten EOD (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) eller ammunitionsröjning betydelsefull vid framryckning och återtagande av landområden. 不発弾（ふはつだん）は、起爆に関する機構に何らかの不具合があって爆発せずにある砲弾、ロケット弾、誘導弾などの弾薬類の総称である。 * 発射薬に関する異常で発射されなかった弾薬類も、一般には不発弾と呼ばれるが、専門的には不発射弾と呼ばれる。不発射弾については後述。 * 転じて、何等かの効果が期待されて行われた動作や興行などが、期待された効果を生まなかった場合に、不発弾や不発と形容される。 불발탄(不發彈, Unexploded ordnance(UXO 혹은 UO), unexploded bombs(UXBs), explosive remnants of war(ERW))은 매설 혹은 방치되고 최대 수 십 년간 폭발하지 않아 폭발의 위험이 있는 폭탄, 포탄, 유탄, 지뢰, 어뢰, 집속탄 등의 폭발 무기를 일컫는다. 불발탄은 전투 뿐 아니라 군사훈련 때문에도 생긴다. 독가스 탄약을 포함한 제1차 세계 대전의 불발탄은 여전히 문제다. 의도치 않은 탄약이 발견되면 통제된 폭발을 통해 파괴되기도 하지만 심지어 아주 오래된 것이 뜻하지 않게 폭발해서 심각한 피해를 낳기도 한다. 78개국이 지뢰로 오염됐으며 15,000명에서 2만 명을 죽이고 그보다 더 많은 사람이 불구가 된다. 약 80%의 사상자는 민간인인데 어린이에게 가장 영향을 준다. 사망자 절반 가량은 폭발 후 수 시간 내에 죽는다. 확실한 폭발의 위험과 더불어 매장된 불발탄은 환경오염을 야기한다. 몇몇 군사훈련지역에서 과염소산염 등을 이용한 화학 탄약은 토양과 지하수를 오염시킨다. El término municiones no detonadas se refiere a armas explosivas, específicamente explosivos, que no se detonaron durante el conflicto en el cual fueron utilizadas y permanecen sobre el terreno durante años y décadas, de forma que representan un peligro latente para la población civil. Las minas antipersona y las bombas de racimo son uno de los ejemplos más conocidos y numerosos de municiones no detonadas. Las municiones no detonadas entran también en la categoría de restos explosivos de guerra. L'expression munitions non explosées (traduction littérale de l'anglais UneXploded Ordnance (UXO)) ou restes explosifs de guerre (Explosive Remnants of War (ERW)) désigne généralement des munitions équipées d'une charge explosive, qui ont été tirées, mais n'ont pas explosé à l'impact. Il peut également s'agir de munitions stockées et perdues ou oubliées.
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