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- The Wheeler–Kenyon method is a method of archaeological excavation. The technique originates from the work of Mortimer Wheeler and Tessa Wheeler at Verulamium (1930–35), and was later refined by Kathleen Kenyon during her excavations at Jericho (1952–58). The Wheeler–Kenyon system involves digging within a series of squares that can vary in size set within a larger grid. This leaves a freestanding wall of earth—known as a "balk"—that can range from 50 cm for temporary grids, and measure up to 2 metres in width for a deeper square. The normal width of a permanent balk is 1 metre on each side of a unit. These vertical slices of earth allow archaeologists to compare the exact provenance of a found object or feature to adjacent layers of earth ("strata"). During Kenyon's excavations at Jericho, this technique helped discern the long and complicated occupational history of the site. It was believed that this approach allowed more precise stratigraphic observations than earlier "horizontal exposure" techniques that relied on architectural and ceramic analysis. (en)
- 探方（代号为T）为田野考古发掘的一种基本发掘单位，将发掘区分割为若干相等的方格，以此为单位分工发掘，这些方格即探方，此类发掘方法称为或探方（沟）法，具有开掘面积大、操作方便、有充足的剖面便于观察文化现象等优点。 探方由主体、隔梁和关键柱三部分组成，为便于测量和后续发掘，探方方向一般取正方向（即磁针指向北），并以西南角为测量的坐标基点，东边和北边各留宽1米的隔梁，东北角两个隔梁的相交处即关键柱（1米×1米），隔梁主要用于记录和分析地层信息，并可兼顾方便运输，在清理过程中可能会被打掉（如较为重要的遗迹现象位于或部分位于隔梁之下时），关键柱则通常会作为坐标点保留。 探方的面积大小依据发掘区规模、地层结构的复杂程度和文化层的堆积情况而定，通常为5米×5米，最小不小于2米×2米，最大不超过10米×10米，亦可将探方分作更小的探方进行发掘，如将10米×10米（除去隔梁为9米×9米）的大探方分为4米×4米的4个小探方，中间仍留出宽1米的隔梁。 探方的编号方法有顺序法和坐标法等，图中所示为坐标法，由四位数组成，分别用两位数表示由南向北和由西向东的座标顺序，其编号能够体现出探方在遗址中的位置，且空间分布具有连贯性，适用于大型遗址的规划。 按照中华人民共和国《田野考古工作规程》（2012年版），最终的发掘记录中每个探方的资料汇总包括探方总记录、探方日记、探方总平面图、四壁剖面图，各层下开口遗迹平面图，单位地层关系系络图，影像、测绘、采样登记表及其他形式的记录等。 (zh)
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- The Wheeler–Kenyon method is a method of archaeological excavation. The technique originates from the work of Mortimer Wheeler and Tessa Wheeler at Verulamium (1930–35), and was later refined by Kathleen Kenyon during her excavations at Jericho (1952–58). The Wheeler–Kenyon system involves digging within a series of squares that can vary in size set within a larger grid. This leaves a freestanding wall of earth—known as a "balk"—that can range from 50 cm for temporary grids, and measure up to 2 metres in width for a deeper square. The normal width of a permanent balk is 1 metre on each side of a unit. These vertical slices of earth allow archaeologists to compare the exact provenance of a found object or feature to adjacent layers of earth ("strata"). During Kenyon's excavations at Jericho (en)
- 探方（代号为T）为田野考古发掘的一种基本发掘单位，将发掘区分割为若干相等的方格，以此为单位分工发掘，这些方格即探方，此类发掘方法称为或探方（沟）法，具有开掘面积大、操作方便、有充足的剖面便于观察文化现象等优点。 探方由主体、隔梁和关键柱三部分组成，为便于测量和后续发掘，探方方向一般取正方向（即磁针指向北），并以西南角为测量的坐标基点，东边和北边各留宽1米的隔梁，东北角两个隔梁的相交处即关键柱（1米×1米），隔梁主要用于记录和分析地层信息，并可兼顾方便运输，在清理过程中可能会被打掉（如较为重要的遗迹现象位于或部分位于隔梁之下时），关键柱则通常会作为坐标点保留。 探方的面积大小依据发掘区规模、地层结构的复杂程度和文化层的堆积情况而定，通常为5米×5米，最小不小于2米×2米，最大不超过10米×10米，亦可将探方分作更小的探方进行发掘，如将10米×10米（除去隔梁为9米×9米）的大探方分为4米×4米的4个小探方，中间仍留出宽1米的隔梁。 探方的编号方法有顺序法和坐标法等，图中所示为坐标法，由四位数组成，分别用两位数表示由南向北和由西向东的座标顺序，其编号能够体现出探方在遗址中的位置，且空间分布具有连贯性，适用于大型遗址的规划。 (zh)
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- Wheeler–Kenyon method (en)
- 探方 (zh)
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