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- Beatified Marta Wołowska of Słonim, murdered for saving Jews (en)
- Cardinal Jozef-Ernest van Roey of Belgium was active in rescuing Jews (en)
- The Archbishop of Toulouse, Jules-Géraud Saliège led the 1942 denunciation of the mistreatment of Jews (en)
- Pope Pius XI faced the rise of Hitler (en)
- Archbishop Aloysius Stepinac initially welcomed the Independent State of Croatia, but subsequently condemned the Nazi-aligned state's atrocities (en)
- Pope Pius XII held the position during World War II (en)
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