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- Raschigův–Hookerův proces je metoda výroby fenolu pojmenovaná podle německého chemika Friedricha Raschiga. Hlavními kroky tohoto procesu jsou výroba chlorbenzenu z benzenu, kyseliny chlorovodíkové a kyslíku, a následná hydrolýza chlorbenzenu na fenol. K průmyslové výrobě fenolu se již nepoužívá. (cs)
- Der Raschig-Hooker-Prozess ist ein großtechnisches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phenol. Er wurde erstmals 1939 von Fritz Raschig publiziert und stellte eine Alternative zum Sulfosäureverfahren und der Chlorbenzoldruckverseifung dar. (de)
- The Raschig–Hooker process is a chemical process for the production of phenol. The main steps in this process are the production of chlorobenzene from benzene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen, and the subsequent hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol. The first step uses either a copper or iron chloride catalyst and exposes the materials to air at 400℃. In the second step, the resulting chlorobenzene is introduced to steam at 450℃ over a silicon catalyst that hydrolyses the chlorobenzene, giving phenol and hydrogen chloride that can then be recycled back to the first step. Due to the two step nature, the Raschig–Hooker process can be used to produce either chlorobenzene or phenol. This process is basically used in Germany. The exact nature and composition of the catalyst is a secret. The ability to recycle the hydrogen chloride made the Raschig–Hooker process preferable to the Dow and Bayer process. The reaction, however, takes place at very high temperatures in a very acidic environment with hydrogen chloride vapor and therefore the industrial setting must use highly corrosion resistant equipment for the reaction. While the Raschig–Hooker process does recycle the hydrogen chloride it produces, its use of catalysts that need to be replaced. The harsh chemical environment, use of catalysts, and large energy consumption has made it a target for green chemistry alternatives. The Raschig–Hooker process suffers from selectivity issues in both steps. In the first step, the reaction is only run to 10% to 15% conversion to prevent the second addition of a chlorine atom to the desired chlorobenzene. Despite this, the overall selectivity of the reaction is 70% to 85%. The second step shares the low conversion rate and high selectivity of the first step. The small amount conversion per reaction offsets the monetary benefit of recycling the hydrogen chloride due to the large initial cost of the reaction. Therefore, the Raschig–Hooker process needed to be run at high concentrations in large reactors to be industrially economical. (en)
- Het Raschig-Hooker-proces is een industrieel proces voor de bereiding van fenol. Het werd in 1939 gepubliceerd door de Duitse industrieel en scheikundige . (nl)
- O processo Raschig (nomeado devido ao químico alemão , 1863–1928) é um processo químico para produzir hidroxilamina (usada para produzir caprolactama para a fabricação de nylon). O processo converte carbonato de amônio a , e é convertido à dissulfonato de hidroxilamina e então a sulfato de hidroxilamina. Outros processo também possuem este nome, muitas vezes citados confusamente na literatura. Hidrazinas são produzida no processo Olin Raschig.Clorobenzeno e fenol são produzidos no processo Raschig-Hooker. (pt)
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- Raschigův–Hookerův proces je metoda výroby fenolu pojmenovaná podle německého chemika Friedricha Raschiga. Hlavními kroky tohoto procesu jsou výroba chlorbenzenu z benzenu, kyseliny chlorovodíkové a kyslíku, a následná hydrolýza chlorbenzenu na fenol. K průmyslové výrobě fenolu se již nepoužívá. (cs)
- Der Raschig-Hooker-Prozess ist ein großtechnisches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Phenol. Er wurde erstmals 1939 von Fritz Raschig publiziert und stellte eine Alternative zum Sulfosäureverfahren und der Chlorbenzoldruckverseifung dar. (de)
- Het Raschig-Hooker-proces is een industrieel proces voor de bereiding van fenol. Het werd in 1939 gepubliceerd door de Duitse industrieel en scheikundige . (nl)
- O processo Raschig (nomeado devido ao químico alemão , 1863–1928) é um processo químico para produzir hidroxilamina (usada para produzir caprolactama para a fabricação de nylon). O processo converte carbonato de amônio a , e é convertido à dissulfonato de hidroxilamina e então a sulfato de hidroxilamina. Outros processo também possuem este nome, muitas vezes citados confusamente na literatura. Hidrazinas são produzida no processo Olin Raschig.Clorobenzeno e fenol são produzidos no processo Raschig-Hooker. (pt)
- The Raschig–Hooker process is a chemical process for the production of phenol. The main steps in this process are the production of chlorobenzene from benzene, hydrochloric acid and oxygen, and the subsequent hydrolysis of chlorobenzene to phenol. The first step uses either a copper or iron chloride catalyst and exposes the materials to air at 400℃. In the second step, the resulting chlorobenzene is introduced to steam at 450℃ over a silicon catalyst that hydrolyses the chlorobenzene, giving phenol and hydrogen chloride that can then be recycled back to the first step. Due to the two step nature, the Raschig–Hooker process can be used to produce either chlorobenzene or phenol. This process is basically used in Germany. The exact nature and composition of the catalyst is a secret. (en)
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- Raschigův–Hookerův proces (cs)
- Raschig-Hooker-Prozess (de)
- Raschig-Hooker-proces (nl)
- Raschig–Hooker process (en)
- Processo Raschig (pt)
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