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- Power integrity or PI is an analysis to check whether the desired voltage and current are met from source to destination. Today, power integrity plays a major role in the success and failure of new electronic products. There are several coupled aspects of PI: on the chip, in the chip package, on the circuit board, and in the system. Four main issues must be resolved to ensure power integrity at the printed circuit board level: 1.
* Keep the voltage ripple at the chips pads lower than the specification (e.g. less than +/-50 mV variation around 1V) 2.
* Control ground bounce (also called synchronous switching noise, simultaneous switching noise, or simultaneous switching output (SSN or SSO)) 3.
* Control electromagnetic interference and maintain electromagnetic compatibility: the power distribution network is generally the largest set of conductors on the circuit board and therefore the largest (unwanted) antenna for emission and reception of noise. 4.
* Maintaining a proper DC Voltage level at the load at high currents. A modern processor or field-programmable gate array can pull 1-100 Amps at sub-1V VDD levels with AC and DC margins in the tens of millivolts. Very little DC voltage drop can thus be tolerated on the power distribution network. (en)
- 電源完整性（Power integrity）簡稱PI，是確認電源來源及目的端的電壓及電流是否符合需求。電源完整性在現今的電子產品中相當重要。有幾個有關電源完整性的層面：晶片層面、晶片封裝層面、電路板層面及系統層面。在電路板層面的電源完整性要達到以下三個需求： 1.
* 使晶片引腳的電壓漣波比規格要小一些（例如電壓和1V之間的誤差小於+/-50 mV） 2.
* 控制接地反弹（也稱為同步切換雜訊SSN、同步切換輸出SSO） 3.
* 降低電磁干擾（EMI）並且維持电磁兼容性（EMC）：電源分布網路（PDN）是電路板上最大型的導體，因此也是最容易發射及接收雜訊的天線。 (zh)
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- 電源完整性（Power integrity）簡稱PI，是確認電源來源及目的端的電壓及電流是否符合需求。電源完整性在現今的電子產品中相當重要。有幾個有關電源完整性的層面：晶片層面、晶片封裝層面、電路板層面及系統層面。在電路板層面的電源完整性要達到以下三個需求： 1.
* 使晶片引腳的電壓漣波比規格要小一些（例如電壓和1V之間的誤差小於+/-50 mV） 2.
* 控制接地反弹（也稱為同步切換雜訊SSN、同步切換輸出SSO） 3.
* 降低電磁干擾（EMI）並且維持电磁兼容性（EMC）：電源分布網路（PDN）是電路板上最大型的導體，因此也是最容易發射及接收雜訊的天線。 (zh)
- Power integrity or PI is an analysis to check whether the desired voltage and current are met from source to destination. Today, power integrity plays a major role in the success and failure of new electronic products. There are several coupled aspects of PI: on the chip, in the chip package, on the circuit board, and in the system. Four main issues must be resolved to ensure power integrity at the printed circuit board level: (en)
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- Power integrity (en)
- 電源完整性 (zh)
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