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- التحالف الجمهوري الإسلامي (بالأردوية: اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد) تحالف سياسي يميني محافظ تشكل في سبتمبر 1988 لمعارضة حزب الشعب الباكستاني الاشتراكي الديمقراطي في انتخابات ذلك العام. تألف التحالف من تسعة أحزاب أبرزها الرابطة الإسلامية الباكستانية، ، والجماعة الإسلامية. تألف التحالف من تسعة أطراف على غرار المكون من تسعة أحزاب والذي شن حملة ضد حزب الشعب الباكستاني في عام 1977. كان رئيس التحالف غلام مصطفى جاتوي، لكن زعيمه الأكثر نشاطًا كان نواز شريف. وقد فاز التحالف بثلاثة وخمسين مقعدًا في الجمعية الوطنية، مقارنةً باثنين وتسعين فاز بها حزب الشعب الباكستاني. برز نواز شريف في انتخابات 1988 باعتباره أقوى سياسي خارج حزب الشعب الباكستاني. وفي ديسمبر 1988 نجح في تشكيل حكومة البنجاب وأصبح رئيس وزراء المقاطعة، حتى أصبح رئيسًا للوزراء في عام 1990 حيث فاز التحالف بـ 105 مقعدًا مقابل خمسة وأربعين مقعدًا للتحالف الديمقراطي الباكستاني. في الانتخابات الوطنية لعام 1993 لم يعد التحالف موجودًا، لقد بذلت الأحزاب الإسلامية معظم طاقاتها في محاولة تشكيل تحالف انتخابي عملي بدلاً من تعزيز ترشيح نواز شريف، الشخص الوحيد القادر على تحدي بينظير بوتو. (ar)
- The Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (lit. Islamic Democratic Alliance; acronym: IJI; Urdu: اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد) was a right-wing conservative alliance formed in September 1988 to oppose the democratic socialist Pakistan Peoples Party in elections that year. The alliance comprised nine parties, of which the major components were the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), National Peoples Party (NPP), Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), with PML accounting for 80% of the IJI's electoral candidates. The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency, under director Hamid Gul, had a major role in forming the right-of-centre political alliance. Care had been taken to ensure that the alliance comprised nine parties to generate comparison with the nine-party Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) that had campaigned against PPP in 1977. The head of the party was Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi, but its most resourceful leader was Nawaz Sharif, a young industrialist whom Zia ul-Haq had appointed chief minister of Punjab. Sharif was vying for control of the Pakistan Muslim League, which was headed at that time by former Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo. It won only fifty-three seats in the National Assembly, compared with ninety-two won by the PPP. Most IJI seats were won in Punjab. Nawaz Sharif emerged from the 1988 elections as the most powerful politician outside the PPP. In December 1988, he succeeded in forming an IJI administration in Punjab and became the province's chief minister. It was from this power base that he waged the political battles that eventually led to his becoming prime minister in 1990. In the supercharged atmosphere of the 1990 elections, the electorate surprised observers. Neither the IJI nor the PPP was expected to come up with a firm mandate to rule. Yet the IJI received a strong mandate to govern, winning 105 seats versus forty-five seats for the Pakistan Democratic Alliance (PDA), of which the PPP was the main component in the National Assembly. Opposition groups alleged large scale selective rigging of seats to not just ensure an IJI victory but also prevent those opposed to Military influence from being elected. In the 1993 national elections, the IJI coalition no longer existed to bring together all the anti-PPP forces. The religious parties expended most of their energies trying to form a workable electoral alliance rather than bolstering the candidacy of Nawaz Sharif, the only person capable of challenging Benazir Bhutto. (en)
- L'Alliance démocratique islamique ou ADI (en ourdou : اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد ou Islami Jamhoori Ittehad - IJI, en anglais : Islamic Democratic Alliance - IDA) est une coalition de partis politiques religieux ou conservateurs du Pakistan, fondée en 1988 et disparue en 1993, qui participe aux élections législatives de 1988 et de 1990. Fondée autour de la Ligue musulmane du Pakistan, l'Alliance démocratique islamique est créée pour participer aux élections face au Parti du peuple pakistanais de Benazir Bhutto. Alors que Nawaz Sharif émerge rapidement comme le leader de l'alliance, cette dernière le mène au poste de Premier ministre en 1990. À la suite de divisions persistantes, l'alliance se décompose progressivement durant les années suivantes. (fr)
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- Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (en)
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Benazir ki Shamat Aai (en)
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- التحالف الجمهوري الإسلامي (بالأردوية: اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد) تحالف سياسي يميني محافظ تشكل في سبتمبر 1988 لمعارضة حزب الشعب الباكستاني الاشتراكي الديمقراطي في انتخابات ذلك العام. تألف التحالف من تسعة أحزاب أبرزها الرابطة الإسلامية الباكستانية، ، والجماعة الإسلامية. تألف التحالف من تسعة أطراف على غرار المكون من تسعة أحزاب والذي شن حملة ضد حزب الشعب الباكستاني في عام 1977. كان رئيس التحالف غلام مصطفى جاتوي، لكن زعيمه الأكثر نشاطًا كان نواز شريف. (ar)
- The Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (lit. Islamic Democratic Alliance; acronym: IJI; Urdu: اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد) was a right-wing conservative alliance formed in September 1988 to oppose the democratic socialist Pakistan Peoples Party in elections that year. The alliance comprised nine parties, of which the major components were the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), National Peoples Party (NPP), Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), with PML accounting for 80% of the IJI's electoral candidates. The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency, under director Hamid Gul, had a major role in forming the right-of-centre political alliance. Care had been taken to ensure that the alliance comprised nine parties to generate comparison with the nine-party Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) that had campaigned against PPP in 1977. (en)
- L'Alliance démocratique islamique ou ADI (en ourdou : اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد ou Islami Jamhoori Ittehad - IJI, en anglais : Islamic Democratic Alliance - IDA) est une coalition de partis politiques religieux ou conservateurs du Pakistan, fondée en 1988 et disparue en 1993, qui participe aux élections législatives de 1988 et de 1990. (fr)
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- Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (en)
- التحالف الجمهوري الإسلامي (ar)
- Alliance démocratique islamique (fr)
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