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- Major Factors Influencing Stroke Volume - Multiple factors affect preload, afterload, and contractility, and are the major considerations influencing SV. (en)
- Summary of Major Factors Influencing Cardiac Output - The primary factors influencing HR include autonomic innervation plus endocrine control. Not shown are environmental factors, such as electrolytes, metabolic products, and temperature. The primary factors controlling SV include preload, contractility, and afterload. Other factors such as electrolytes may be classified as either positive or negative inotropic agents. (en)
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