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The Battle of the Blacks or Battle of the Slaves was a conflict in Cairo, on 21–23 August 1169, between the black African units of the Fatimid army and other pro-Fatimid elements, and Sunni Syrian troops loyal to the Fatimid vizier, Saladin. Saladin's rise to the vizierate, and his sidelining of the Fatimid caliph, al-Adid, antagonized the traditional Fatimid elites, including the army regiments, as Saladin relied chiefly on the Kurdish and Turkish cavalry troops that had come with him from Syria. According to the medieval sources, which are biased towards Saladin, this conflict led to an attempt by the palace majordomo, , to enter into an agreement with the Crusaders and jointly attack Saladin's forces in order to get rid of him. Saladin learned of this conspiracy, and had Mu'tamin execut

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dbo:abstract
  • The Battle of the Blacks or Battle of the Slaves was a conflict in Cairo, on 21–23 August 1169, between the black African units of the Fatimid army and other pro-Fatimid elements, and Sunni Syrian troops loyal to the Fatimid vizier, Saladin. Saladin's rise to the vizierate, and his sidelining of the Fatimid caliph, al-Adid, antagonized the traditional Fatimid elites, including the army regiments, as Saladin relied chiefly on the Kurdish and Turkish cavalry troops that had come with him from Syria. According to the medieval sources, which are biased towards Saladin, this conflict led to an attempt by the palace majordomo, , to enter into an agreement with the Crusaders and jointly attack Saladin's forces in order to get rid of him. Saladin learned of this conspiracy, and had Mu'tamin executed on 20 August. Modern historians have questioned the veracity of this report, suspecting that it may have been invented to justify Saladin's subsequent move against the Fatimid troops. This event provoked the uprising of the black African troops of the Fatimid army, numbering some 50,000 men, who were joined by Armenian soldiers and the populace of Cairo the next day. The clashes lasted for two days, as the Fatimid troops initially attacked the vizier's palace, but were driven back to the large square between the Fatimid Great Palaces. There the black African troops and their allies appeared to be gaining the upper hand, until al-Adid came out publicly against them, and Saladin ordered the burning of their settlements, located south of Cairo outside the city wall, where the black Africans' families had been left behind. The black Africans then broke and retreated in disorder to the south, until they were encircled near the Bab Zuwayla gate, where they surrendered and were allowed to cross the Nile to Giza. Despite promises of safety, they were attacked and almost annihilated there by Saladin's brother Turan-Shah. The defeat of the Fatimid troops was a watershed moment in the history of Egypt and the Muslim world, as it removed the main military support of the Fatimid regime and consolidated Saladin's position as the de facto ruler of Egypt. This culminated in the restoration of Sunni dominance over Egypt and the deposition of the Fatimid dynasty in September 1171. In its place, Saladin established his own Ayyubid dynasty. Some black African troops remained in Saladin's service for a few years, but most who survived the massacre of 1169 fled to Upper Egypt, where they joined unsuccessful pro-Fatimid uprisings in subsequent years. (en)
  • A Batalha dos Negros ou Batalha dos Escravos foi um conflito no Cairo, em 21-23 de agosto de 1169, entre as unidades africanas negras do exército fatímida e outros elementos pró-fatímidas, e as tropas sunitas sírias leais aos fatímidas vizir, Saladino. A ascensão de Saladino ao vizirado e sua marginalização do califa fatímida, al-Adid, antagonizou as tradicionais elites fatímidas, incluindo os regimentos do exército, já que Saladino dependia principalmente dos curdos e turcos, e tropas de cavalaria que vieram com ele da Síria. De acordo com as fontes medievais, que são tendenciosas para Saladino, este conflito levou a uma tentativa do mordomo do palácio, Mu'tamin al-Khilafa, de entrar em um acordo com os cruzados e atacar conjuntamente as forças de Saladino para se livrar dele. Saladino soube dessa conspiração e executou Mu'tamin em 20 de agosto. Historiadores modernos questionaram a veracidade deste relatório, suspeitando que ele pode ter sido inventado para justificar o movimento subsequente de Saladino contra as tropas fatímidas. Este evento provocou a revolta das tropas negras africanas do exército fatímida, com cerca de 50 000 homens, aos quais se juntaram soldados armênios e a população do Cairo no dia seguinte. Os confrontos duraram dois dias, pois as tropas fatímidas atacaram inicialmente o palácio do vizir, mas foram repelidas para a grande praça entre os grandes palácios fatímidas. Lá, as tropas africanas negras e seus aliados pareciam estar ganhando vantagem, até que al-Adid se manifestou publicamente contra eles, e Saladino ordenou a queima de seus assentamentos, localizados ao sul do Cairo, fora da muralha da cidade, onde as famílias dos africanos negros tinha ficado para trás. Os negros africanos então quebraram e recuaram em desordem para o sul, até serem cercados perto do portão Bab Zuwayla, onde se renderam e foram autorizados a atravessar o Nilo para Gizé. Apesar das promessas de segurança, eles foram atacados e quase aniquilados pelo irmão de Saladino, Turan-Shah. A derrota das tropas fatímidas foi um divisor de águas na história do Egito e do mundo muçulmano, pois removeu o principal apoio militar do regime fatímida e consolidou a posição de Saladino como governante de fato do Egito. Isso culminou na restauração do domínio sunita sobre o Egito e na deposição da dinastia fatímida em setembro de 1171. Em seu lugar, Saladino estabeleceu sua própria dinastia aiúbida. Algumas tropas africanas negras permaneceram a serviço de Saladino por alguns anos, mas a maioria dos que sobreviveram ao massacre de 1169 fugiu para o Alto Egito, onde se juntaram a revoltas pró-Fatimida malsucedidas nos anos seguintes. (pt)
dbo:combatant
  • Pro-Fatimid citizens of Cairo
  • Saladin's Syrian forces
  • Black-African and Armenian troops of theFatimid army
dbo:commander
dbo:date
  • 1169-08-23 (xsd:date)
dbo:place
dbo:result
  • Victory for Saladin's forces
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  • 69857604 (xsd:integer)
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  • Black-African and Armenian troops of the Fatimid army (en)
  • Pro-Fatimid citizens of Cairo (en)
  • Saladin's Syrian forces (en)
dbp:commander
dbp:conflict
  • Battle of the Blacks (en)
dbp:date
  • 0001-08-23 (xsd:gMonthDay)
dbp:place
dbp:result
  • Victory for Saladin's forces (en)
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rdfs:comment
  • The Battle of the Blacks or Battle of the Slaves was a conflict in Cairo, on 21–23 August 1169, between the black African units of the Fatimid army and other pro-Fatimid elements, and Sunni Syrian troops loyal to the Fatimid vizier, Saladin. Saladin's rise to the vizierate, and his sidelining of the Fatimid caliph, al-Adid, antagonized the traditional Fatimid elites, including the army regiments, as Saladin relied chiefly on the Kurdish and Turkish cavalry troops that had come with him from Syria. According to the medieval sources, which are biased towards Saladin, this conflict led to an attempt by the palace majordomo, , to enter into an agreement with the Crusaders and jointly attack Saladin's forces in order to get rid of him. Saladin learned of this conspiracy, and had Mu'tamin execut (en)
  • A Batalha dos Negros ou Batalha dos Escravos foi um conflito no Cairo, em 21-23 de agosto de 1169, entre as unidades africanas negras do exército fatímida e outros elementos pró-fatímidas, e as tropas sunitas sírias leais aos fatímidas vizir, Saladino. A ascensão de Saladino ao vizirado e sua marginalização do califa fatímida, al-Adid, antagonizou as tradicionais elites fatímidas, incluindo os regimentos do exército, já que Saladino dependia principalmente dos curdos e turcos, e tropas de cavalaria que vieram com ele da Síria. De acordo com as fontes medievais, que são tendenciosas para Saladino, este conflito levou a uma tentativa do mordomo do palácio, Mu'tamin al-Khilafa, de entrar em um acordo com os cruzados e atacar conjuntamente as forças de Saladino para se livrar dele. Saladino so (pt)
rdfs:label
  • Battle of the Blacks (en)
  • Batalha dos Negros (pt)
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  • Battle of the Blacks (en)
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