Wawrzyniec Cezary Anichini (born Cesare Anighini; 1787 in Florence – January 31, 1861 in Raudondvaris) was an Italian architect, active mostly in what is now the Republic of Lithuania. Anichini arrived to the lands of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1812 as an engineer within Napoleon's Grande Armée. Following Napoleon's defeat in Russia he was captured as prisoner of war. Released by the Russians he settled in Vilna (modern Vilnius) together with yet another Italian expatriate, (a sculptor and father of Michał Elwiro Andriolli). With time he polonised his surname and signed most his projects as Cezary Anichini.