An exonym is a place name, used by non-natives of that place, that differs from the official or native name for that place. Turkish has a wealth of exonyms in areas beyond the current borders of Turkey notably those that were once part of Ottoman Empire and its vassals and tributaries or within the Turkish, Ottoman, or a Turkic sphere of cultural or economic influence. In addition, Turkish sometimes renders the names of other cities in a phonetic Turkish spelling, e.g., Chicago as Şikago or Manchester as Mançester. As these forms are not commonly used in Turkish, there is not a systematic attempt to include them here.