Teodoro de Almeida C.O. FRS (7 January 1722 – 18 April 1804) was a Portuguese Catholic priest, member of the Congregation of the Oratory of Saint Philip Neri, a writer and philosopher, and a leading personage of the Portuguese Enlightenment. Like the rest of the Portuguese elites, Almeida was horrified by the worst excesses of the French Revolution, and spent his final years as a vocal champion of Portugal's Christian heritage against atheism and the errors of a society based on the political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.