Sergey Petrovich Pesteryev (Russian: Сергей Петрович Пестерев; 12 January 1888 – 2 May 1942) was a Russian Empire cyclist. He competed in two events at the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was arrested by Soviet authorities and sentenced to five years in a labor camp in April 1940; he died in prison two years later. Pesteryev was posthumously rehabilitated in 1999.