Robert Wauchope (c. 1500 – 1551) was a Scots-born cleric, who was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh from 1539 to 1551. He was born at Nidrie Marischal near Edinburgh, Scotland, son of Gilbert Wauchope, who was the head of the family which owned Niddrie Marischal for several centuries. Robert is known to have been nearly blind from an early age (there are conflicting accounts of precisely how bad his eyesight was), yet he somehow overcame this handicap and became an outstanding scholar. He is recorded as studying at the University of Paris in 1526, and also studied for a time with Hector Boece at King's College, Aberdeen. He was a friend of Erasmus.