Ion Tănăsescu (September 1, 1875 – January 25, 1954) was a Romanian surgeon and anatomist. Born in Fălticeni, he began high school in his native town, but later moved to Iași, graduating in 1896. From that year until 1902, he studied medicine at the University of Iași; his thesis dealt with hydrocele and its treatment. Upon graduating, he performed his military service in a Roșiori cavalry regiment. In 1903, he left for Paris, where he attended the surgical clinics of professors Henri Albert Hartmann, Théodore Tuffier and . Working in the latter's anatomical laboratory, his aptitude was quickly noticed and he was selected to prepare the dissection specimens that the professor used in his courses. During this period, Tănăsescu published a number of works on anatomy that showed his meticulou