Hu Xiansu or Hu Hsien-Hsu (simplified Chinese: 胡先骕; traditional Chinese: 胡先驌; pinyin: Hú Xiānsù, 24 May 1894 – 16 July 1968), was a Chinese botanist and an influential traditional scholar of his time. He was a founder of plant taxonomy in China and a pioneer of modern botany research in the country.