Caneadea is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 2,238 at the 2020 census. The name is of Seneca language origin and means "where the heavens rest on earth." The Seneca are the dominant Iroquoian tribe in this western part of their territory and are known as the "gatekeepers"; they are one of the Five Nations of the , or Iroquois League. The town is in the northwest quadrant of the county.