an Entity references as follows:
The 1830–31 United States Senate elections were elections that had Jacksonians gain one seat in the United States Senate from the Anti-Jacksonian coalition, but lose one seat to the short-lived Nullifier Party. By the time Congress first met in December 1831, however, the Jacksonians had a net loss of one seat. As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by state legislatures.