This list of Cornell University alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of Cornell University. Cornell counted 245,027 living alumni as of August 2008. Its alumni includes 25 recipients of National Medal of Science and National Medal of Technology and Innovation combined, 36 MacArthur Fellows, 34 Marshall Scholars and 31 Rhodes Scholars, 242 elected members of the National Academy of Sciences, 195 elected members of the National Academy of Engineering, 190 plus heads of higher learning institutions in the United States and around the world, and Cornell is the only university in the world with three female winners of unshared Nobel Prizes among its graduates (Pearl S. Buck, Barbara McClintock, and Toni Morrison). Many alumni maintain university