Calow is a village and civil parish in the county of Derbyshire in England. The population of the village at the 2011 census was 2,494. Calow is in North East Derbyshire and is adjacent to Chesterfield. Coal and iron were worked in the village and for some time blast furnaces were in operation. Coal mined in Calow supplied furnaces in the nearby village of Duckmanton. The Chesterfield Royal Hospital, built just outside the boundaries of Calow, was opened in 1984. Amenities in Calow include; shops, a small park, a chemist, a primary school and a community centre.