William James Gilmore (April 24, 1821 – August 9, 1896) was a Democratic jurist in the U.S. State of Ohio who was an Ohio Supreme Court Judge during 1875–1880. Gilmore was born in Bedford County, Virginia, son of Dr. Eli Gilmore and Clarissa Mosby Clayton, sister of a prominent Mississippi judge, later a member of the Confederate Congress, Alexander Mosby Clayton. The family moved to Israel Township, Preble County, Ohio in 1825, where the father became a prominent physician. Here William was educated at a log schoolhouse, at Hopewell Academy, and at Westfield Academy.