William Dozier Anderson (July 20, 1862 – January 6, 1952) was a mayor, state legislator, and judge in Mississippi. He served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi from 1910 to 1911 and from 1920 to 1944. He also served as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives and the Mississippi State Senate. He was mayor of Tupelo, Mississippi from 1898 to 1906.