Water supply and sanitation in Japan is characterized by numerous achievements and some challenges. The country has achieved universal access to water supply and sanitation; has one of the lowest levels of water distribution losses in the world; regularly exceeds its own strict standards for the quality of drinking water and treated waste water; uses an effective national system of performance benchmarking for water and sanitation utilities; makes extensive use of both advanced and appropriate technologies such as the jōkasō on-site sanitation system; and has pioneered the payment for ecosystem services before the term was even coined internationally. Some of the challenges are a decreasing population, declining investment, fiscal constraints, ageing facilities, an ageing workforce, a frag
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| - Water supply and sanitation in Japan (en)
- سياسة اليابان المائية (ar)
- Politica dell'acqua in Giappone (it)
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| - حققت عمليات إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي في اليابان عدة إنجازات على الرغم من بعض التحديات والصعوبات التي واجهتها. إذ حققت اليابان إمكانية الوصول الشامل إلى إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي، إذ تمتلك الآن أدنى مستويات الخسائر فيما يتعلق بتوزيع المياه في العالم، وتتجاوز المعايير الصارمة الخاصة بنوعية مياه الشرب ومياه الفضلات المُعالَجة وتستخدم اليابان نظامًا وطنيًا فعالًا لقياس الأداء في مجال المياه والصرف الصحي، كما تستخدم على نطاق واسع تقنيات متقدمة مثل نظام جوكاسو للصرف الصحي، إذ أدارت اليابان دفع تكاليف خدمات النظام الإيكولوجي قبل أن يتم صياغة هذا المصطلح على المستوى الدولي. ومن بين التحديات التي تواجهها: تناقص عدد السكان وانخفاض الاستثمار والقيود المالية ومشاكل متعلقة بقِدَم المرافق الصحية، والأعمار الكبيرة للقوى العاملة وتجزئة توفير الخدمات بين آلاف المرافق البلدية وضعف بعض المناطق من البلد (ar)
- Water supply and sanitation in Japan is characterized by numerous achievements and some challenges. The country has achieved universal access to water supply and sanitation; has one of the lowest levels of water distribution losses in the world; regularly exceeds its own strict standards for the quality of drinking water and treated waste water; uses an effective national system of performance benchmarking for water and sanitation utilities; makes extensive use of both advanced and appropriate technologies such as the jōkasō on-site sanitation system; and has pioneered the payment for ecosystem services before the term was even coined internationally. Some of the challenges are a decreasing population, declining investment, fiscal constraints, ageing facilities, an ageing workforce, a frag (en)
- La politica dell'acqua in Giappone è quel complesso di decreti, leggi e provvedimenti che gli organi amministrativi giapponesi attuano nella gestione e salvaguardia delle risorse idriche, nell'approvvigionamento dell'acqua potabile, nella depurazione e nel trattamento delle acque reflue e nello sviluppo e manutenzione delle infrastrutture legate ai servizi igienico-sanitari. (it)
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| - حققت عمليات إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي في اليابان عدة إنجازات على الرغم من بعض التحديات والصعوبات التي واجهتها. إذ حققت اليابان إمكانية الوصول الشامل إلى إمدادات المياه والصرف الصحي، إذ تمتلك الآن أدنى مستويات الخسائر فيما يتعلق بتوزيع المياه في العالم، وتتجاوز المعايير الصارمة الخاصة بنوعية مياه الشرب ومياه الفضلات المُعالَجة وتستخدم اليابان نظامًا وطنيًا فعالًا لقياس الأداء في مجال المياه والصرف الصحي، كما تستخدم على نطاق واسع تقنيات متقدمة مثل نظام جوكاسو للصرف الصحي، إذ أدارت اليابان دفع تكاليف خدمات النظام الإيكولوجي قبل أن يتم صياغة هذا المصطلح على المستوى الدولي. ومن بين التحديات التي تواجهها: تناقص عدد السكان وانخفاض الاستثمار والقيود المالية ومشاكل متعلقة بقِدَم المرافق الصحية، والأعمار الكبيرة للقوى العاملة وتجزئة توفير الخدمات بين آلاف المرافق البلدية وضعف بعض المناطق من البلد إزاء حالات الجفاف التي من المتوقع أن تزداد نسبتها بسبب تغير المناخ. (ar)
- Water supply and sanitation in Japan is characterized by numerous achievements and some challenges. The country has achieved universal access to water supply and sanitation; has one of the lowest levels of water distribution losses in the world; regularly exceeds its own strict standards for the quality of drinking water and treated waste water; uses an effective national system of performance benchmarking for water and sanitation utilities; makes extensive use of both advanced and appropriate technologies such as the jōkasō on-site sanitation system; and has pioneered the payment for ecosystem services before the term was even coined internationally. Some of the challenges are a decreasing population, declining investment, fiscal constraints, ageing facilities, an ageing workforce, a fragmentation of service provision among thousands of municipal utilities, and the vulnerability of parts of the country to droughts that are expected to become more frequent due to climate change. (en)
- La politica dell'acqua in Giappone è quel complesso di decreti, leggi e provvedimenti che gli organi amministrativi giapponesi attuano nella gestione e salvaguardia delle risorse idriche, nell'approvvigionamento dell'acqua potabile, nella depurazione e nel trattamento delle acque reflue e nello sviluppo e manutenzione delle infrastrutture legate ai servizi igienico-sanitari. Il Giappone ha nel mondo uno dei livelli più bassi di dispersione nella distribuzione dell'acqua e supera regolarmente i rigorosi standard della qualità dell'acqua potabile e delle acque reflue trattate. Il 100% della popolazione giapponese ha accesso a una fonte d'acqua migliorata e nel 2013 il 76,3% aveva accesso al sistema fognario pubblico (下水 gesui?) mentre nelle aree rurali o quantomeno al di fuori delle grandi città si utilizzava principalmente un sistema a fosse settiche (浄化槽 jōkasō?). Il Paese nipponico deve comunque affrontare alcune sfide quali la diminuzione della popolazione, il calo degli investimenti, i vincoli fiscali, l'invecchiamento dei servizi e della forza lavoro, la suddivisione delle responsabilità legate al servizio idrico integrato tra le migliaia di operatori gestiti dai comuni, la vulnerabilità di alcune parti del Paese colpite dalla siccità e l'aumento probabile del numero di queste ultime a causa del cambiamento climatico. (it)
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access improved sanitation
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access improved water
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