Vicente Álvarez Travieso (1705–1779) was a Spanish judge and politician who served as the first alguacil (sheriff or constable) of San Antonio, Texas, from 1731 until his death. He was a leading spokesperson of the Canary Islands settlers of San Antonio and was noted for his support for the Isleño community there. Through his demands to the leaders of New Spain, Travieso was able to improve the lives of the Isleños. He was instrumental in providing medical care for them, thus ensuring their survival. Travieso became mayor of San Antonio in 1776.