Trademark troll is a pejorative term for any entity that attempts to register a trademark without intending to use it and who then threatens to sue others who use that mark. As a traditional troll is said to collect a toll from those trying to cross a bridge, a trademark troll "magically appears when an unsuspecting producer adopts the same or similar mark and poses upon them two choices: pay to get a license to use my mark or litigate".
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| - Trademark troll (en)
- 商標蟑螂 (zh)
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| - Trademark troll is a pejorative term for any entity that attempts to register a trademark without intending to use it and who then threatens to sue others who use that mark. As a traditional troll is said to collect a toll from those trying to cross a bridge, a trademark troll "magically appears when an unsuspecting producer adopts the same or similar mark and poses upon them two choices: pay to get a license to use my mark or litigate". (en)
- 商標蟑螂是一種貶義詞，指某個人或團體註冊了商標，但主要目的不在於使用該商標，而是用於威脅或起訴使用該商標的其他人以獲取利益（主要針對商標的原創者）。商標蟑螂的英語Trademark troll（商標洞穴巨人）由來是英語童話中，洞穴巨人會霸佔橋梁，當過橋者走到橋梁盡頭時突然出現並強迫過橋者繳交通行費。而現實世界中的商標蟑螂也一樣，會搶先註冊相同或相似的商標，在商標原創公司試圖使用該商標時，商標蟑螂就會出現向商標原創公司提出兩種選擇：付錢以獲得商標使用權或是進行法律訴訟。 商標蟑螂的存在體現了對商標權的普遍誤解：僅僅註冊一個商標並不會賦予商標所有人對該商標的壟斷權，而是必須在商業中使用才擁有該商標的權利。 知名的美國商標蟑螂Leo Stoller，提起了47起商標侵權訴訟（截至2007年），但沒有任何一件訴訟成立，伊利諾伊州北區已經禁止他在未經法院許可的情況下提起新的訴訟。 另一個例子是美國地方法院將Tim Langdell創辦Edge Game的商業行為稱為商標蟑螂行為，因為沒有證據表明Tim Langdell所聲稱的商標被用於商業用途，但有證據顯示Tim Langdell為了進行商標蟑螂訴訟，註冊了非常多的商標品牌。 (zh)
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| - Trademark troll is a pejorative term for any entity that attempts to register a trademark without intending to use it and who then threatens to sue others who use that mark. As a traditional troll is said to collect a toll from those trying to cross a bridge, a trademark troll "magically appears when an unsuspecting producer adopts the same or similar mark and poses upon them two choices: pay to get a license to use my mark or litigate". The existence of trademark trolls exemplifies a common misunderstanding about trademark rights: the mere registration of a mark does not give the trademark owner a monopoly over that mark but must be used in commerce. As a consequence, while Leo Stoller, who has been labelled a "prototypical trademark troll" by intellectual property attorney Anna B. Folgers, had brought 47 trademark infringement suits as of 2007, no court had found any infringement and the Northern District of Illinois had enjoined him from filing new actions without the court's permission. In a similar manner, the business practices of Tim Langdell of Edge Games were referred to as trolling by the US District Court after it was found that there was no evidence of commercial use of the asserted marks but that there was instead evidence that Langdell had fraudulently obtained and/or maintained many of his registrations. Another more targeted example in 2008 involved Never Give Up Limited claiming that they owned the brands of two fruit juice chains, Juiceling in Glasgow and Juiced Up in Edinburgh. According to undercover reporting by the BBC, Never Give Up's representative, John Blanchard, sought tens of thousands of pounds to sell the trademarks back. A more successful example was in November 2007, when businessman Dave Behar and his internet content production company Positive Ions, Inc. sued Ion Media Networks, claiming that Positive Ions owned the trademark to the word "Ion" and that Ion Media was using the name "Ion" without permission. Positive Ions were awarded a $1.7 million settlement, however Ion Media continued using the "Ion" name for its channels. Another successful example was with PBS member station WNED's successful lawsuit against Reading Rainbow host LeVar Burton, demanding LeVar's RRKidz company handed over administrative access to other websites and social media accounts, and trying to stop Burton from using the Reading Rainbow catchphrase, "But you don't have to take my word for it," on his podcast. Ultimately, WNED announced a revamp of the show upon winning the lawsuit, which ended up in development hell. (en)
- 商標蟑螂是一種貶義詞，指某個人或團體註冊了商標，但主要目的不在於使用該商標，而是用於威脅或起訴使用該商標的其他人以獲取利益（主要針對商標的原創者）。商標蟑螂的英語Trademark troll（商標洞穴巨人）由來是英語童話中，洞穴巨人會霸佔橋梁，當過橋者走到橋梁盡頭時突然出現並強迫過橋者繳交通行費。而現實世界中的商標蟑螂也一樣，會搶先註冊相同或相似的商標，在商標原創公司試圖使用該商標時，商標蟑螂就會出現向商標原創公司提出兩種選擇：付錢以獲得商標使用權或是進行法律訴訟。 商標蟑螂的存在體現了對商標權的普遍誤解：僅僅註冊一個商標並不會賦予商標所有人對該商標的壟斷權，而是必須在商業中使用才擁有該商標的權利。 知名的美國商標蟑螂Leo Stoller，提起了47起商標侵權訴訟（截至2007年），但沒有任何一件訴訟成立，伊利諾伊州北區已經禁止他在未經法院許可的情況下提起新的訴訟。 另一個例子是美國地方法院將Tim Langdell創辦Edge Game的商業行為稱為商標蟑螂行為，因為沒有證據表明Tim Langdell所聲稱的商標被用於商業用途，但有證據顯示Tim Langdell為了進行商標蟑螂訴訟，註冊了非常多的商標品牌。 但在中國，因為其商標法採用屬地主義及先申請原則，而非英美常見的先使用原則，導致商標蟑螂橫行的情況十分嚴重。美國時裝設計師協會進行的調查顯示，受調查的500個品牌中，有半數的商標被剽竊，平均每個被剽竊4次。有些中國商標蟑螂甚至會試圖取得在中國代工的品牌商標，一旦商標蟑螂成功註冊代工品牌的商標，原商標持有的公司將再也不能從中國出貨。這將造成商標蟑螂勒索成功的機率大增。 (zh)
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