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Thuận Hóa (順化, IPA: [tʰwə̂nˀ hwǎː]) was a historic territory in central Vietnam. It consisted of the modern provinces of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên–Huế (historically, Thừa Thiên–Thuận Hóa). In 1306, the king of Champa, Che Man, offered Vietnam two Cham prefectures, Ô (Cham:Vuyar) and Lý (Cham: Ulik), in exchange for a marriage with the Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân. The Vietnamese emperor Trần Anh Tông accepted this offer, then took and renamed Ô prefecture and Lý prefecture as Thuận prefecture and Hóa prefecture. These prefectures soon began to be referred to collectively as the Thuận Hóa region. From this time, Thuận Hóa was a territory where the Vietnamese, Chăms, and Lao frequently fought one another. In 1466, during the reign of emperor Lê Thánh Tông, Thuận Hóa became one

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  • Thuận Hóa (ca)
  • Thuận Hóa (en)
  • 順化承宣 (zh)
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  • 顺化承宣(越南语:Thừa Tuyên Thuận Hóa/承宣順化),是越南后黎朝十三处之一。其轄區包括今天的廣平省、廣治省、承天順化省和峴港市。 (zh)
  • Thuận Hóa (順化) va ser un territori històric del centre del Vietnam. Actualment forma part de les províncies de Quảng Bình, i (històricament, Thừa Thiên–Thuận Hóa). El 1306, el rei de Txampa, , va oferir al Vietnam dues prefectures txăm, Ô i Lý, a canvi del seu matrimoni amb la princesa vietnamita . El rei vietnamita, , va acceptar la oferta, apropiant-se i reanomenant les províncies d'Ô i Lý com prefectura de Thuận i prefectura de Hóa, respectivament. Aquestes prefectures, aviat, van començar a ser referides com la regió de Thuận Hóa. Des d'aleshores Thuận Hóa es va convertir en una regió per la qual els vietnamites, els txăms i els laosians van lluitar sovint entre ells. El 1466, durant el regnat de , Thuận Hóa es va convertir en una de les 12 prefectures del Vietnam i, posteriorment, e (ca)
  • Thuận Hóa (順化, IPA: [tʰwə̂nˀ hwǎː]) was a historic territory in central Vietnam. It consisted of the modern provinces of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên–Huế (historically, Thừa Thiên–Thuận Hóa). In 1306, the king of Champa, Che Man, offered Vietnam two Cham prefectures, Ô (Cham:Vuyar) and Lý (Cham: Ulik), in exchange for a marriage with the Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân. The Vietnamese emperor Trần Anh Tông accepted this offer, then took and renamed Ô prefecture and Lý prefecture as Thuận prefecture and Hóa prefecture. These prefectures soon began to be referred to collectively as the Thuận Hóa region. From this time, Thuận Hóa was a territory where the Vietnamese, Chăms, and Lao frequently fought one another. In 1466, during the reign of emperor Lê Thánh Tông, Thuận Hóa became one (en)
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  • Thuận Hóa (順化) va ser un territori històric del centre del Vietnam. Actualment forma part de les províncies de Quảng Bình, i (històricament, Thừa Thiên–Thuận Hóa). El 1306, el rei de Txampa, , va oferir al Vietnam dues prefectures txăm, Ô i Lý, a canvi del seu matrimoni amb la princesa vietnamita . El rei vietnamita, , va acceptar la oferta, apropiant-se i reanomenant les províncies d'Ô i Lý com prefectura de Thuận i prefectura de Hóa, respectivament. Aquestes prefectures, aviat, van començar a ser referides com la regió de Thuận Hóa. Des d'aleshores Thuận Hóa es va convertir en una regió per la qual els vietnamites, els txăms i els laosians van lluitar sovint entre ells. El 1466, durant el regnat de , Thuận Hóa es va convertir en una de les 12 prefectures del Vietnam i, posteriorment, en una de les seves províncies. La va usurpar el tron a la família Lê per crear una cort septentrional, mentre que els descendents de la dinastia Lê van ser entronitzats, de iure, com la cort del país meridional, per part de Nguyễn Kim. Més tard, , líder de la facció partidària de la dinastia Lê, i governant de facto del Vietnam, va ser enverinat per un general de la dinastia Mạc. EL gendre de Kim, , es va fer amb el lideratge, assassinant el fill gran de Kim, Nguyễn Uông, amb l'objectiu de fer-se amb l'autoritat del país. , un altre dels fills d'Nguyễn Kim, espantat per ser el següent en perdre la vida, va fingir patir una malaltia mental i va demanar a la seva germana, Ngoc Bao, muller de Trịnh Kiểm, que convencés al seu marit perquè li permetés governar Thuận Hóa, la regió més meridional del país en aquell moment. Com que els partidaris de la dinastia Mạc encara ocupaven Thuận Hóa, i Trịnh Kiểm estava molt ocupat combatent els seus rivals al nord del país en aquell moment, la petició de Ngoc Bao va ser satisfeta, aprovant-se que Nguyễn Hoàng marxés cap al sud. Després que Hoàng pacifiqués Thuận Hóa i el seu successor, , aconseguís guanyar-se la lleialtat, clandestinament, de la població de la regió, es van alçar contra els senyors de Trịnh. Així, Vietnam va patir una enova entre les dues famílies governants de facto: el clan dels senyors Nguyễn i el clan dels . Els senyors Nguyễn van continuar desenvolupant el territori, convertint-lo en una important base per la seva guerra contra els Trịnh i la seva expansió cap al sud. Durant aquest temps, el territori de Thuận Hóa anava des de Quảng Bình fins a Thừa Thiên–Huế. Després de la fundació de la dinastia Nguyễn, l'emperador va convertir el territori de Thuận Hóa com una part del Vùng Kinh kỳ (territori capital), una de les tres divisions territorials del Vietnam de l'època. Durant el segle xviii Thuận Hóa i Quảng Nam van deixar de produir arròs pel seu compte, passant a dependre dels carregaments d'arròs més barat provinent del delta del Mekong. A mitjans de 1945 el nom de Thuận Hóa va ser restaurat per part del primer ministre vietnamita, , tot i que va ser ràpidament abandonat després del declivi de l'imperi del Vietnam. (ca)
  • Thuận Hóa (順化, IPA: [tʰwə̂nˀ hwǎː]) was a historic territory in central Vietnam. It consisted of the modern provinces of Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị, and Thừa Thiên–Huế (historically, Thừa Thiên–Thuận Hóa). In 1306, the king of Champa, Che Man, offered Vietnam two Cham prefectures, Ô (Cham:Vuyar) and Lý (Cham: Ulik), in exchange for a marriage with the Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân. The Vietnamese emperor Trần Anh Tông accepted this offer, then took and renamed Ô prefecture and Lý prefecture as Thuận prefecture and Hóa prefecture. These prefectures soon began to be referred to collectively as the Thuận Hóa region. From this time, Thuận Hóa was a territory where the Vietnamese, Chăms, and Lao frequently fought one another. In 1466, during the reign of emperor Lê Thánh Tông, Thuận Hóa became one of the 12 prefectures of Vietnam and later became a province of Vietnam. The Mạc dynasty usurped the throne of the Lê family to create the Northern Court, whereupon descendant of the Lê kings was enthroned as de jure Southern court rulers by Nguyễn Kim. Shortly afterward, Nguyễn Kim, the leader of the Lê Dynasty loyalists and the de facto ruler of Vietnam, was poisoned by a Mạc Dynasty general. Kim's son-in-law, Trịnh Kiểm, took over the leadership and assassinated Kim's eldest son, Nguyễn Uông, in order to secure his authority. Nguyễn Hoàng, another son of Nguyễn Kim, feared having a fate like his brother Nguyễn Uông so he pretended to have mental illness and asked his sister Ngoc Bao, who was a wife of Trịnh Kiểm, to entreat Kiểm to allow Hoàng to govern Thuận Hóa, the southernmost region of Vietnam at this time. Because Mạc Dynasty loyalists were still occupying Thuận Hóa while Trịnh Kiểm was busy fending off Mạc forces in northern Vietnam during this time, Ngoc Bao's request was approved and Nguyễn Hoàng went south. After Hoàng pacified Thuận Hóa, he and his successor Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên secretly made this region loyal to the Nguyễn family; then they rose against the Trịnh Lords. Vietnam erupted into a new civil war between two de facto ruling families: the clan of the Nguyễn lords and the clan of the Trịnh lords. The Nguyễn lords continuously developed the territory and turned it into a strong base for their war against the Trịnh Lord and their expansion to the south. During this time, Thuận Hóa territory spanned from Quảng Bình to Thừa Thiên–Huế. After the foundation of Nguyễn Dynasty, emperor Gia Long made Thuận Hóa territory a part of Vùng Kinh kỳ (Capital territory), one of three administrative divisions of Vietnam at this time. In the 18th Century Thuận Hóa and Quảng Nam ceased producing much rice of their own and became dependent on shipments of cheaper rice from the Mekong Delta. (en)
  • 顺化承宣(越南语:Thừa Tuyên Thuận Hóa/承宣順化),是越南后黎朝十三处之一。其轄區包括今天的廣平省、廣治省、承天順化省和峴港市。 (zh)
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