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The Whetstone of Witte is the shortened title of Robert Recorde's mathematics book published in 1557, the full title being The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombers. The book covers topics including whole numbers, the extraction of roots and irrational numbers. The work is notable for containing the first recorded use of the equals sign and also for being the first book in English to use the plus and minus signs.

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  • The Whetstone of Witte (es)
  • 知恵の砥石 (ja)
  • The Whetstone of Witte (en)
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  • The Whetstone of Witte (literalmente, La piedra de afilar de Witte) es el título abreviado de un libro de Robert Recorde de matemáticas que fue publicado en 1557. El título completo es The Whetstone of Witte, which is the seconde parte of Arithmeteke: containing the extraction of rootes; the cossike practise, with the rule of equation; and the workes of Surde Nombers (La piedra de afilar de Witte, que es la segunda parte de la aritmética que contiene la extracción de las raíces, la práctica cosista, con la regla de la ecuación, y los trabajos de números irracionales). El libro cubre temas tales como los números enteros, la extracción de las raíces y los números irracionales. (es)
  • The Whetstone of Witte is the shortened title of Robert Recorde's mathematics book published in 1557, the full title being The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombers. The book covers topics including whole numbers, the extraction of roots and irrational numbers. The work is notable for containing the first recorded use of the equals sign and also for being the first book in English to use the plus and minus signs. (en)
  • 『知恵の砥石』(ちえのといし、The Whetstone of Witte)は、1557年に出版されたロバート・レコードによる数学書。正式にはThe whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombersという書名である。整数、根の求め方、無理数などのトピックについて書かれている。記録上最初の等号使用や、英語の本として最初のプラス記号とマイナス記号の使用で著名である。 本の後半部ではzzzzʃzと書くp80=p2×2×2x2x5 まで全ての指数の表を載せている。しかし誤りが1つあり、p69 を Sʃzと書いているが、これは素数ではなくp3x23 となるため&Gʃzと書かれるべきである。 (ja)
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  • The Whetstone of Witte (literalmente, La piedra de afilar de Witte) es el título abreviado de un libro de Robert Recorde de matemáticas que fue publicado en 1557. El título completo es The Whetstone of Witte, which is the seconde parte of Arithmeteke: containing the extraction of rootes; the cossike practise, with the rule of equation; and the workes of Surde Nombers (La piedra de afilar de Witte, que es la segunda parte de la aritmética que contiene la extracción de las raíces, la práctica cosista, con la regla de la ecuación, y los trabajos de números irracionales). El libro cubre temas tales como los números enteros, la extracción de las raíces y los números irracionales. La obra es notable por contener el primer uso del signo igual y también por ser el primer libro en inglés en usar los signos más y menos. Sin embargo, la exponenciación se caracteriza por un empleo engorroso de la notación matemática en la que los índices y los irracionales son representados por sus factores primos (véase la notación del primer exponente del factor). (es)
  • The Whetstone of Witte is the shortened title of Robert Recorde's mathematics book published in 1557, the full title being The whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombers. The book covers topics including whole numbers, the extraction of roots and irrational numbers. The work is notable for containing the first recorded use of the equals sign and also for being the first book in English to use the plus and minus signs. Recordian notation for exponentiation, however, differed from the later Cartesian notation . Recorde expressed indices and surds larger than 3 in a systematic form based on the prime factorization of the exponent: a factor of two he termed a zenzic, and a factor of three, a cubic. Recorde termed the larger prime numbers appearing in this factorization sursolids, distinguishing between them by use of ordinal numbers: that is, he defined 5 as the first sursolid, written as ʃz and 7 as the second sursolid, written as Bʃz.He also devised symbols for these factors: a zenzic was denoted by z, and a cubic by &. For instance, he referred to p8=p2×2×2 as zzz (the zenzizenzizenzic), and q12=q2×2×3 as zz& (the zenzizenzicubic). Later in the book he includes a chart of exponents all the way up to p80=p2×2×2×2×5 written as zzzzʃz. There is an error in the chart, however, writing p69 as Sʃz, despite it not being a prime. It should be p3×23 or &Gʃz. (en)
  • 『知恵の砥石』(ちえのといし、The Whetstone of Witte)は、1557年に出版されたロバート・レコードによる数学書。正式にはThe whetstone of witte, whiche is the seconde parte of Arithmetike: containyng thextraction of Rootes: The Coßike practise, with the rule of Equation: and the woorkes of Surde Nombersという書名である。整数、根の求め方、無理数などのトピックについて書かれている。記録上最初の等号使用や、英語の本として最初のプラス記号とマイナス記号の使用で著名である。 ただし、レコードが用いたべき乗の表記はのちにデカルトが用いた とは異なる。3より大きな指数や根数を表現するのに、その指数の素因数分解に基づく体系的な形式に基づき、2をzenzic、3をcubicとした。この因数分解に登場する3より大きい素数をsursolidと呼び、序数を使うことで他と区別した。5を第1sursolidとし、ʃzと表記した。7を第2sursolidとし、Bʃzと表記した。レコードはこれらの因数の記号、zenzicはz、cubicは&の考案もしている。例えば、p8=p2×2×2 は zzz (the zenzizenzizenzic)と表され、q12=q2×2×3 は zz& (the zenzizenzicubic)と表される。 本の後半部ではzzzzʃzと書くp80=p2×2×2x2x5 まで全ての指数の表を載せている。しかし誤りが1つあり、p69 を Sʃzと書いているが、これは素数ではなくp3x23 となるため&Gʃzと書かれるべきである。 (ja)
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