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The Sussex Pledge was a promise made by Germany to the United States in 1916, during World War I before the latter entered World War I. Early in 1915, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning. Despite that avowed restriction, a French cross-channel passenger ferry, the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916. The ship was severely damaged and about 80 people died, including the famous Spanish pianist and composer Enrique Granados.

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  • Suseks-garantiaĵo (eo)
  • Promesse du Sussex (fr)
  • Sussex pledge (en)
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  • La Promesse du Sussex est une déclaration allemande faite en mai 1916 (au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale) par l'Allemagne aux États-Unis avant l'entrée en guerre de ceux-ci. (fr)
  • La Suseks-garantiaĵo estas promeso de Germanio en 1916 al Usono, ne sinkigi pluajn pasaĝerajn ŝipojn kaj por ke Usono ne/pli poste eniru la militon. Komence de 1916, Germanio uzis la politikon de senlima submarŝipa milito, laŭ kiu ili torpedis ĉiujn komercajn ŝipojn, sen atentigo. Spite al tio, la franca pasaĝera ŝipo Sussex estis torpedita - sen atentigo - la 24-an de marto, 1916. Mortis 50 pasaĝeroj, inter ili usonaj ŝtatanoj. Usona prezidento Woodrow Wilson tuj minacis Germanion per militdeklaro, se Germanio daŭrigas la atakojn. Esenco de la promeso (eo)
  • The Sussex Pledge was a promise made by Germany to the United States in 1916, during World War I before the latter entered World War I. Early in 1915, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning. Despite that avowed restriction, a French cross-channel passenger ferry, the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916. The ship was severely damaged and about 80 people died, including the famous Spanish pianist and composer Enrique Granados. (en)
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  • La Suseks-garantiaĵo estas promeso de Germanio en 1916 al Usono, ne sinkigi pluajn pasaĝerajn ŝipojn kaj por ke Usono ne/pli poste eniru la militon. Komence de 1916, Germanio uzis la politikon de senlima submarŝipa milito, laŭ kiu ili torpedis ĉiujn komercajn ŝipojn, sen atentigo. Spite al tio, la franca pasaĝera ŝipo Sussex estis torpedita - sen atentigo - la 24-an de marto, 1916. Mortis 50 pasaĝeroj, inter ili usonaj ŝtatanoj. Usona prezidento Woodrow Wilson tuj minacis Germanion per militdeklaro, se Germanio daŭrigas la atakojn. Esenco de la promeso * oni ne atakas pasaĝerajn ŝipojn * marketaj ŝipoj ne estos sinkigitaj, ĝis la ŝipanoj ne povas forlasi la ŝipon * oni devas certigi sekuran fuĝon de la pasaĝeroj kaj la ŝiplaboristoj En 1917, Germanio konvinkiĝis, ke ĝi malvenkos, se ne uzos la senliman submarŝipan militon, antaŭ ol Usono eniros la militon. La Suseks-promeso malvalidiĝis en januaro de 1917, post ekbrulo de la atlantika milito. Usono deklaris militon al Germanio la 6-an de aprilo, 1917. (eo)
  • La Promesse du Sussex est une déclaration allemande faite en mai 1916 (au cours de la Première Guerre mondiale) par l'Allemagne aux États-Unis avant l'entrée en guerre de ceux-ci. (fr)
  • The Sussex Pledge was a promise made by Germany to the United States in 1916, during World War I before the latter entered World War I. Early in 1915, Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing armed merchant ships but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning. Despite that avowed restriction, a French cross-channel passenger ferry, the Sussex, was torpedoed without warning on March 24, 1916. The ship was severely damaged and about 80 people died, including the famous Spanish pianist and composer Enrique Granados. Although no US citizen was killed in this attack, it prompted US President Woodrow Wilson to declare that if Germany continued the practice, the United States would break diplomatic relations with Germany. Fearing the American entry into the war, Germany tried to appease the United States by issuing on May 4, 1916 the Sussex pledge, which promised a change in Germany's naval warfare policy. These were the primary elements of the pledge: * Passenger ships would not be targeted. * Merchant ships would not be sunk until the presence of weapons had been established, if necessary by a search of the ship * Merchant ships would not be sunk without provision for the safety of passengers and crew. In 1917, Germany became convinced that it could defeat the Allied Forces by instituting unrestricted submarine warfare before the United States could enter the war. The Sussex pledge was, therefore, rescinded in January 1917, which started the decisive stage of the so-called First Battle of the Atlantic. The resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram caused the United States to declare war on Germany on April 6, 1917. (en)
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