The sublingua ("under-tongue") is a muscular secondary tongue found below the primary tongue in tarsiers and living strepsirrhine primates, which includes lemurs and lorisoids (collectively called "lemuriforms"). Although it is most fully developed in these primates, similar structures can be found in some other mammals, such as marsupials, treeshrews, and colugos. This "second tongue" lacks taste buds, and in lemuriforms, it is thought to be used to remove hair and other debris from the toothcomb, a specialized dental structure used to comb the fur during oral grooming.
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| - Unterzunge (de)
- Sublingua (en)
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| - Die Unterzunge (Sublingua) ist ein verhornte und blattartige „zweite Zunge“ an der Unterseite des beweglichen Teiles der Zunge, die eine gefranste Spitze aufweist. Sie ist bei Beuteltieren sowie einigen Primaten (Koboldmakis, Feuchtnasenprimaten) und Spitzhörnchen ausgebildet. Im Gegensatz zur eigentlichen Zunge ist keine Binnenmuskulatur vorhanden. Es wird vermutet, dass die Unterzunge zum Reinigen des Zahnkammes nach dem Fressen dient. Beim Menschen wird die sägezahnartige Falte (Plica fimbriata) seitlich des Zungenbändchens als rudimentäre Unterzunge angesehen. (de)
- The sublingua ("under-tongue") is a muscular secondary tongue found below the primary tongue in tarsiers and living strepsirrhine primates, which includes lemurs and lorisoids (collectively called "lemuriforms"). Although it is most fully developed in these primates, similar structures can be found in some other mammals, such as marsupials, treeshrews, and colugos. This "second tongue" lacks taste buds, and in lemuriforms, it is thought to be used to remove hair and other debris from the toothcomb, a specialized dental structure used to comb the fur during oral grooming. (en)
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| - A close-up of a slow loris licking its nose and the sublingua sticking out beneath it. (en)
- The bottom, front six teeth of a ring-tailed lemur lying flat in the mouth and finely spaced like teeth on a comb. (en)
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| - The sublingua is a secondary tongue below the primary tongue and is used to remove hair and debris from the toothcomb of lemurs and other lemuriform primates. (en)
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| - Lemur catta toothcomb.jpg (en)
- Sublingua of a slow loris 001.jpg (en)
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| - Die Unterzunge (Sublingua) ist ein verhornte und blattartige „zweite Zunge“ an der Unterseite des beweglichen Teiles der Zunge, die eine gefranste Spitze aufweist. Sie ist bei Beuteltieren sowie einigen Primaten (Koboldmakis, Feuchtnasenprimaten) und Spitzhörnchen ausgebildet. Im Gegensatz zur eigentlichen Zunge ist keine Binnenmuskulatur vorhanden. Es wird vermutet, dass die Unterzunge zum Reinigen des Zahnkammes nach dem Fressen dient. Beim Menschen wird die sägezahnartige Falte (Plica fimbriata) seitlich des Zungenbändchens als rudimentäre Unterzunge angesehen. (de)
- The sublingua ("under-tongue") is a muscular secondary tongue found below the primary tongue in tarsiers and living strepsirrhine primates, which includes lemurs and lorisoids (collectively called "lemuriforms"). Although it is most fully developed in these primates, similar structures can be found in some other mammals, such as marsupials, treeshrews, and colugos. This "second tongue" lacks taste buds, and in lemuriforms, it is thought to be used to remove hair and other debris from the toothcomb, a specialized dental structure used to comb the fur during oral grooming. A rigid structure called the plica mediana or lytta runs from the front to the back, down the center of the sublingua to give it support. The plica mediana is usually made of cartilage and attaches the sublingua to the underside of the tongue. In lemuriforms, the sublingua mostly consists of two plicae fimbriatae (singular: plica fimbriata), which run along the sides of the plica mediana and end in comb-like serrated edges that are hardened with keratin. The plicae fimbriatae move freely over a limited range. The plica sublingualis, which is found in all primates, but is particularly small in lemuriforms, attaches the tongue and sublingua to the floor of the mouth. Tarsiers have a large but highly generalized sublingua, but their closest living relatives, monkeys and apes, lack one. The sublingua is thought to have evolved from specialized folds of tissue below the tongue, which can be seen in some marsupials and other mammals. Simians do not have a sublingua, but the fimbria linguae found on the underside of ape tongues may be a vestigial version of the sublingua. Because of widely variable appearance of sublingual tissue in primates, the term "sublingua" is often confused with the , lingual frenulum, and other sublingual tissues. (en)
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