The soliton hypothesis in neuroscience is a model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and conducted along axons based on a thermodynamic theory of nerve pulse propagation. It proposes that the signals travel along the cell's membrane in the form of certain kinds of solitary sound (or density) pulses that can be modeled as solitons. The model is proposed as an alternative to the Hodgkin–Huxley model in which action potentials: voltage-gated ion channels in the membrane open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell (inward current). The resulting decrease in membrane potential opens nearby voltage-gated sodium channels, thus propagating the action potential. The transmembrane potential is restored by delayed opening of potassium channels. Soliton hypothesis proponents a
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| - Modello solitonico (it)
- Soliton model in neuroscience (en)
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| - Il modello solitonico, o modello del solitone, in neuroscienze, è un recentemente sviluppato che tenta di spiegare la propagazione del segnale lungo l'assone dei neuroni. Il modello propone che il segnale viaggi lungo la membrana cellulare sotto forma di pulsazioni di onde sonore (o di densità), note come solitoni. Il modello presenta una deviazione e una sfida diretta al modello di Hodgkin-Huxley, largamente accettato, che propone la propagazione del segnale sotto forma di potenziale d'azione: canali ionici presenti nella membrana si aprono e permettono agli ioni un rapido ingresso nella cellula, portando all'apertura di canali adiacenti, e così propagando il segnale in maniera essenzialmente elettrica. (it)
- The soliton hypothesis in neuroscience is a model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and conducted along axons based on a thermodynamic theory of nerve pulse propagation. It proposes that the signals travel along the cell's membrane in the form of certain kinds of solitary sound (or density) pulses that can be modeled as solitons. The model is proposed as an alternative to the Hodgkin–Huxley model in which action potentials: voltage-gated ion channels in the membrane open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell (inward current). The resulting decrease in membrane potential opens nearby voltage-gated sodium channels, thus propagating the action potential. The transmembrane potential is restored by delayed opening of potassium channels. Soliton hypothesis proponents a (en)
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| - The soliton hypothesis in neuroscience is a model that claims to explain how action potentials are initiated and conducted along axons based on a thermodynamic theory of nerve pulse propagation. It proposes that the signals travel along the cell's membrane in the form of certain kinds of solitary sound (or density) pulses that can be modeled as solitons. The model is proposed as an alternative to the Hodgkin–Huxley model in which action potentials: voltage-gated ion channels in the membrane open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell (inward current). The resulting decrease in membrane potential opens nearby voltage-gated sodium channels, thus propagating the action potential. The transmembrane potential is restored by delayed opening of potassium channels. Soliton hypothesis proponents assert that energy is mainly conserved during propagation except dissipation losses; Measured temperature changes are completely inconsistent with the Hodgkin-Huxley model. The soliton model (and sound waves in general) depends on adiabatic propagation in which the energy provided at the source of excitation is carried adiabatically through the medium, i.e. plasma membrane. The measurement of a temperature pulse and the claimed absence of heat release during an action potential were the basis of the proposal that nerve impulses are an adiabatic phenomenon much like sound waves. Synaptically evoked action potentials in the electric organ of the electric eel are associated with substantial positive (only) heat production followed by active cooling to ambient temperature. In the garfish olfactory nerve, the action potential is associated with a biphasic temperature change; however, there is a net production of heat. These published results are inconsistent with the Hodgkin-Huxley Model and the authors interpret their work in terms of that model: The initial sodium current releases heat as the membrane capacitance is discharged; heat is absorbed during recharge of the membrane capacitance as potassium ions move with their concentration gradient but against the membrane potential. This mechanism is called the "Condenser Theory". Additional heat may be generated by membrane configuration changes driven by the changes in membrane potential. An increase in entropy during depolarization would release heat; entropy increase during repolarization would absorb heat. However, any such entropic contributions are incompatible with Hodgkin and Huxley model (en)
- Il modello solitonico, o modello del solitone, in neuroscienze, è un recentemente sviluppato che tenta di spiegare la propagazione del segnale lungo l'assone dei neuroni. Il modello propone che il segnale viaggi lungo la membrana cellulare sotto forma di pulsazioni di onde sonore (o di densità), note come solitoni. Il modello presenta una deviazione e una sfida diretta al modello di Hodgkin-Huxley, largamente accettato, che propone la propagazione del segnale sotto forma di potenziale d'azione: canali ionici presenti nella membrana si aprono e permettono agli ioni un rapido ingresso nella cellula, portando all'apertura di canali adiacenti, e così propagando il segnale in maniera essenzialmente elettrica. (it)
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