Sir James Duke, 1st Baronet (31 January 1792 – 28 May 1873) was a British Liberal Party politician. He was Lord Mayor of London in 1848–1849, and sat in the House of Commons from 1837 to 1865. Born in Montrose, he was elected at the 1837 general election as a member of parliament (MP) for the borough of Boston in Lincolnshire, and was re-elected at the 1841and 1847 general elections. A deputation was sent to the Mansion House, where Duke was asked to stand, which he immediately agreed to do. He was appointed High Sheriff of Sussex for 1872.